Objective To investigate the impact of two different algorithms, AAA and AXB, on the dose distribution of postoperative radiotherapy for left-sided breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery. Methods A total of 96 target volumes from patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery for left-sided breast cancer were selected for dose verification using a two-dimensional matrix system. The planned dose distributions were simulated using both AAA and AXB algorithms. Dosimetric differences in organs at risk and the target volumes were then compared to identify the algorithm that could reduce the radiation dose to organs at risk without compromising the dose distribution to the target volume. Dose verification was performed on the plans generated by both algorithms, and the pass rates of plans for each target volume using both algorithms were compared to provide a quantitative basis for the precise selection of subsequent radiotherapy plans. Results Both AAA and AXB plans met the radiotherapy requirements. The AXB algorithm demonstrated significant advantages in the D₉₈, D₂, homogeneity index, and conformity index for the planning target volume, as well as in the V₅ and V₂₀ for the left lung. The AXB algorithm showed advantages in the V₃₀ for the heart and the maximum and mean doses for the skin. With the 2 mm/2% criterion in dose verification, the gamma pass rate was higher for the AXB algorithm. Conclusion Through a comparative analysis of the two algorithms, this study revealed that the AXB algorithm offers certain advantages in the dose distribution of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery for left-sided breast cancer. These findings provide an important reference for the rational selection of algorithms in clinical practice and are expected to improve radiotherapy efficacy and patient prognosis.

Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is an emerging tumor-targeted phototherapy that combines the tumor specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the phototoxicity of light absorbers to rapidly and selectively induce the immunogenic death of target tumor cells. PIT has minimal side effects due to its high specificity. The immunogenic cell death induced by PIT results in rapid maturation of immature dendritic cells proximal to dying tumor cells. Subsequently, the mature dendritic cells present the tumor antigens to CD8+ T cells and induce their activation and proliferation, thus enhancing the antitumor immune response of the host. PIT can also improve the anticancer efficacy by enhancing the penetration of nanomedicines into tumor tissues. In view of the excellent application prospects of PIT, this review summarizes the advances in the immune activation mechanism of PIT, the superenhanced permeability and retention effect, and the new strategies for combinatory therapy, providing references for future research and clinical translation.
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Photosensitizing Agents ; Phototherapy

Objective To investigate clinical interns' mastery and understanding status of medical core systems in order to provide reference for formulating training programs. Methods The questionnaires including medical core systems trained and self-assessment and test paper were de-signed. Then survey was carried out among 188 clinical interns of Grade 2009 of Zunyi Medical Col-lege at the end of training. All data were obtained, collected and analyzed with Excel and a SPSS 17.0. The result was described with percentage. Results ①78/41.34% and 117/62.33% clinical interns accepted training of medical core systems respectively before or during clinic training. 74/39.43%hos-pitals or 70/37.30% departments were systematically trained by medical core systems and the propor-tion of teachers who systematically or non-systematically explained medical core systems for clinical interns was 42/22.29%and 61/32.37%respectively.②The clinical interns who mastered first diagnosis responsibility systems, patient communication system, and systems of discussing difficult cases were 178/94.68%, 178/90.43%or 168/89.36%. The clinical interns who mastered rescue systems in critically ill patients, surgical classification management systems and audit system in clinical blood transfusion were 84/44.68%, 67/35.64%or 34/18.28%respectively.③8/6.90%interns fully grasped the core system of the medical situation. 165/87.71% and 165/83.43% clinical interns believed medical core systems should be mastered and 157 interns (83.43%) thought that mastering medical core system can help them better adapt to clinical medical work. Conclusion Systematic training of medical core system should be enhanced for clinical interns and mastering medical core systems is better for their future.

Objective To study the effect of continuously compressive pressure(CCP) and human periodontal ligament cells(HPDLCs) on the differentiation of osteoclast-like cells(OLC) induced from umbilical cord blood cells in vitro,and to investigate the role of continuously compressive pressure and human periodontal ligament cells in alveolar bone rebuilding during orthordontic tooth movement.Methods Mononucleared cells of umbilical cord blood(HCMNCs) were separated by density gradient centrifugation,HPDLCs were isolated from human periodontal ligament by explanting enzymatic digestion with trypsin and collagenase.We also established transwell co-culture system with HCMNCs in the lower layer and HPDLCs in the upper layer.Group A: HCMNCs and HPDLCs were co-cultured with 150 kPa CCP for 1.5 hours on the model.Group B: only HCMNCs were cultured with the same CCP as Group A.Groups A'and B' were the respective control group of Groups A and B with no CCP exerted.The cell appearance was observed under the phase contrast microscope,and its identification was performed by histochemical analysis of tartrater-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP).The capacity of bone resorption of the cell was assessed by lacunae forming ability on bone slice.Results HCMNCs in Group A began to fuse on the 2nd day,More positive multinucleated cells could be seen with TRAP staining and cortical bone pit formation on the 3rd day.Only a few multinucleated cells formed in the other groups,with no cortical bone pit formation.Conclusion HCMNCs can fuse into multinucleated OLC under CCP with the induction of HPDLCs.