Objective To systematically analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and epidemiological trends of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (TBL) disease burden attributed to air pollution globally and in China and the United States from 1990 to 2021, and to assess the patterns of disease burden changes from 2022 to 2031 based on predictive models, providing a scientific basis for formulating targeted TBL prevention and control strategies. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, we analyzed the disease burden data of TBL attributed to air pollution globally and in China and the United States from 1990 to 2021. R Studio 4.3.2 software was used to analyze the corresponding trends and the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) prediction model was used to predict the status of the disease burden of TBL attributed to air pollution in the world and in China and the United States from 2022 to 2031. Results In 2021, China had the highest number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years attributed to air pollution (211 400 patients and 4.8947 million person-years), followed by the United States (6 000 patients and 124 300 person-years). The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR) of TBL due to air pollution in the world and in China and the United States showed a decreasing trend. From 1990 to 2021, the ASMR and ASDR of TBL in China due to air pollution were much higher than those in the United States and the global average. In terms of gender, from 1990 to 2021, the disease burden of male patients with TBL attributed to air pollution was much higher than that of female patients. The BAPC prediction model showed that from 2022 to 2031, the ASMR and ASDR of TBL attributed to air pollution showed an upward trend globally, while they showed a downward trend in China and the United States. Conclusion Over the past 30 years, the air pollution-related TBL disease burden in the world and in China and the United States has continued to decline, but China's disease burden is still significantly higher than the global average. The disease burden in men far exceeds that in women, with men and the population aged ≥50 years being high-risk groups. In the future, the global disease trend may reverse and rise, while China and the United States are expected to continuously decline. However, precise prevention and control for high-risk groups remains a key challenge.

Objective:To investigate the possible mechanism of treadmill exercise(TR)in improving cognitive function of rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)by detecting pathological changes and the expression of sigma-1 receptor(SIR),endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins in hippocampus.Methods:30 SD rats were ran-domly allocated into control group(n=10),CUMS group(n=10)and CUMS exercise group(CUMS+TR,n=10).Subsequently,depressive model was established in rats of CUMS group and CUMS+TR group,meanwhile,CUMS+TR group rats were subjected to 4 weeks of moderate intensity treadmill exercise(20 m/min).After the CUMS and tread-mill exercise,the eight-arm radial maze test(RAM)was carried out to evaluate the learning-memory functions.Subse-quently,the pathological changes of neurons in the hippocampus of rats were measured by HE staining,the protein expression of the GRP78,IRE1,XBP1,CHOP,caspase-3 and SIR in the hippocampus were measured by Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,the time of finishing the eight-arm radial maze prolonged and the num-ber of total memory errors increased(P＜0.05)in the RAM of the CUMS group rats.The morphology and structure of neurons in the hippocampus of CUMS group rats showed obvious pathological changes,the protein expression levels of GRP78,IRE1,XBP1,CHOP and caspase-3 significantly increased and SIR protein expression decreased(P＜0.05)in hippocampus in the CUMS group compared with the control group rats.4-week treadmill exercise significantly im-prove the learning and memory ability and pathological changes of neurons in hippocampus of CUMS+TR group rats.Compared with CUMS group rats,the protein expression levels of GRP78,IRE1,XBP1,CHOP and caspase-3 signifi-cantly decreased,the SIR expression in hippocampus significantly increased in the CUMS+TR group rats(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Treadmill exercise can improve cognitive impairment in CUMS rats,and its mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of SIR expression and the inhibition of ERS-mediated apoptosis pathway in hippocampus.

Objective To explore the identification method,pathogenesis,clinical characteristics and individualized pharmacotherapy of asymptomatic hyperuricemia after renal transplantation.Methods The pharmacist was on duty at the organ transplant outpatient clinic.During this time,they analyzed and sorted out the medications,identified and differentiated a case of asymptomatic hyperuricemia related to spironolactone in a patient who had undergone a renal transplant,and provided comprehensive care throughout the entire process.Results The asymptomatic hyperuricemia in this patient might be associated with spironolactone,and the adverse reactions of the patient were alleviated by pharmacists through optimizing clinical treatment.Up to now,no hyperuricemia occurred.Conclusions Pharmacists are required to collaborate closely with clinicians to establish medication profiles for patients under long-term follow-up and to closely monitor and evaluate drug-related adverse reactions.Additionally,they should assess the renal function and immune status of transplant recipients promptly and formulate individualized treatment plans in order to enhance the long-term survival of both the transplanted kidneys and the recipients.

Objective:To investigate the possible mechanism of treadmill exercise(TR)in improving cognitive function of rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)by detecting pathological changes and the expression of sigma-1 receptor(SIR),endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins in hippocampus.Methods:30 SD rats were ran-domly allocated into control group(n=10),CUMS group(n=10)and CUMS exercise group(CUMS+TR,n=10).Subsequently,depressive model was established in rats of CUMS group and CUMS+TR group,meanwhile,CUMS+TR group rats were subjected to 4 weeks of moderate intensity treadmill exercise(20 m/min).After the CUMS and tread-mill exercise,the eight-arm radial maze test(RAM)was carried out to evaluate the learning-memory functions.Subse-quently,the pathological changes of neurons in the hippocampus of rats were measured by HE staining,the protein expression of the GRP78,IRE1,XBP1,CHOP,caspase-3 and SIR in the hippocampus were measured by Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,the time of finishing the eight-arm radial maze prolonged and the num-ber of total memory errors increased(P＜0.05)in the RAM of the CUMS group rats.The morphology and structure of neurons in the hippocampus of CUMS group rats showed obvious pathological changes,the protein expression levels of GRP78,IRE1,XBP1,CHOP and caspase-3 significantly increased and SIR protein expression decreased(P＜0.05)in hippocampus in the CUMS group compared with the control group rats.4-week treadmill exercise significantly im-prove the learning and memory ability and pathological changes of neurons in hippocampus of CUMS+TR group rats.Compared with CUMS group rats,the protein expression levels of GRP78,IRE1,XBP1,CHOP and caspase-3 signifi-cantly decreased,the SIR expression in hippocampus significantly increased in the CUMS+TR group rats(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Treadmill exercise can improve cognitive impairment in CUMS rats,and its mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of SIR expression and the inhibition of ERS-mediated apoptosis pathway in hippocampus.

Objective To explore the identification method,pathogenesis,clinical characteristics and individualized pharmacotherapy of asymptomatic hyperuricemia after renal transplantation.Methods The pharmacist was on duty at the organ transplant outpatient clinic.During this time,they analyzed and sorted out the medications,identified and differentiated a case of asymptomatic hyperuricemia related to spironolactone in a patient who had undergone a renal transplant,and provided comprehensive care throughout the entire process.Results The asymptomatic hyperuricemia in this patient might be associated with spironolactone,and the adverse reactions of the patient were alleviated by pharmacists through optimizing clinical treatment.Up to now,no hyperuricemia occurred.Conclusions Pharmacists are required to collaborate closely with clinicians to establish medication profiles for patients under long-term follow-up and to closely monitor and evaluate drug-related adverse reactions.Additionally,they should assess the renal function and immune status of transplant recipients promptly and formulate individualized treatment plans in order to enhance the long-term survival of both the transplanted kidneys and the recipients.

OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for accurately identifying and treating adverse reactions of osteonecrosis induced by bevacizumab. METHODS Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment process of an adult patient with glioma who developed femoral head necrosis after the use of bevacizumab. By searching the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System （FAERS） and consulting relevant literature and drug instructions， the association between femoral head necrosis and bevacizumab was assessed. Medication recommendations were provided to the physician， and medication educations were provided to the patient. RESULTS The association between the patient’s femoral head necrosis and bevacizumab was assessed as “possibly related”. The physicians accepted the clinical pharmacists’ advice to discontinue bevacizumab and switched to anlotinib to continue antitumor treatment. The patient also followed the clinical pharmacists’ advice to avoid prolonged standing. Upon re-examination， the patient’s pain symptoms were under control， and the femoral head necrosis had not progressed. CONCLUSIONS Patients who receive long-term bevacizumab should attach great importance to bone pain and osteonecrosis， undergo regular imaging examinations， and detect and treat symptoms early to prevent the occurrence of severe osteonecrosis.

Objective To preliminarily investigate the association between changes in intestinal microbiota and oral microbiota of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)patients and early gastrointestinal acute graft versus host disease(aGVHD),and try to explore potentially effective biomarkers and provide theoretical basis for early prediction and intervention of gastrointestinal aGVHD.Methods Ten acute leukemia patients who developed gastrointestinal aGVHD within 1 month after receiving allo-HSCT in Department of Hematology of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from September 2021 to June 2023 were enrolled,and their fecal samples and saliva samples before and after the aGVHD were collected.16S rRNA sequencing analysis was applied for the differential changes in intestinal and oral microbiota before and after the development of early gastrointestinal aGVHD.Results ① A decrease in Bacteroides spp.and an increase in Enterococcus spp.and Enterobacteriaceae spp.in the intestinal microbiota were positively correlated with the occurrence of early upper gastrointestinal aGVHD(P＜0.05),whereas no significant difference was observed in the overall microbial diversity of the oral microbiota(P＞0.05).② LEfSe analysis of the intestinal microbiota before and after gastrointestinal aGVHD revealed an increase in Klebsiella spp.and Enterococcus spp.and a decrease in Escherichia coli;In the oral microbiota,LEfSe analysis revealed 10 microbial markers with significant difference,of which Gamma proteobacteria was the most significant.③ The difference in β-diversity of the intestinal microbiota was significant(P=0.03),whereas there was no significant difference in the α-and β-diversity of the oral microbiota.Conclusion Significant differences are found in intestinal microbiota before and after the occurrence of early gastrointestinal aGVHD in patients after Allo-HSCT,and the occurrence may have a correlation with the chang in oral microbiota.

ObjectiveAntibiotic resistance genes （ARGs） have received wide attention all over the world. The purpose of this study was to explore the bacterial community structure， the types and levels of antibiotic resistance genes in a water body in east China， and to compare and analyze the characteristics of microbial species distribution and antibiotic resistance gene distribution in various water environments. MethodsA total of 10 households in Haimen City， Jiangsu Province were selected and their surrounding water environment samples were collected. 21 water samples including river water （4）， Mingou water （9） and well water （8） were collected for metagenomics sequencing， assembled with MetaWRAP， annotated with CARD database， and analyzed with R software. ResultsIn various water bodies， the dominant bacteria phyla was Proteobacteria， the dominant bacteria genera were Deuterostomia， Pseudomonas， Flavobacteriales and Streptomycetaceae. The ARGs annotated were mainly composed of quinolones， aminoglycosides， macrolides and beta-lactams antibiotic resistance genes. The top four relative abundance of resistance genes were macB， RanA， evgS and TxR， The average absolute abundance and expression of resistance genes in well water and Mingou water were higher than those in river water. ConclusionMultiple ARGs are detected to varying degrees in well water， river water， and Mingou water bodies， and the expression of resistance genes in well water and Mingou water bodies is higher than that in river water bodies， possibly due to human production and living activities.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage after ischemia significantly influences stroke outcome. Compound LFHP-1c was previously discovered with neuroprotective role in stroke model, but its mechanism of action on protection of BBB disruption after stroke remains unknown. Here, we show that LFHP-1c, as a direct PGAM5 inhibitor, prevented BBB disruption after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in rats. Mechanistically, LFHP-1c binding with endothelial PGAM5 not only inhibited the PGAM5 phosphatase activity, but also reduced the interaction of PGAM5 with NRF2, which facilitated nuclear translocation of NRF2 to prevent BBB disruption from ischemia. Furthermore, LFHP-1c administration by targeting PGAM5 shows a trend toward reduced infarct volume, brain edema and neurological deficits in nonhuman primate

Objective To investigate the application of liposuction in refining the dog-ear deformity following autologous flap breast reconstruction.Methods Between May 2012 and September 2016,16 patients with dog-ear deformity in the donor site following autologous flap breast reconstruction were treated with liposuction.All the patients were female with an average age of 40.6 years (range,32-47 years).After the operational compression garment was used for at least one month.Regular follow-up was performed after the above operation.Results The follow-up period lasted for 6 to 8 months.The dog-ear deformity was restored to normal appearance.All cases achieved satisfactory results without complications such as local depression,infection,skin necrosis etc.Conclusions For some of the dog-ear deformity following autologous flap breast reconstruction,liposuction is a good and simple method without adjuvant incisions.