Although low temperature plasma ablation technology has significant advantages in clinical applications,its poor stability,high power consumption and thermal injuries to the tissues are still key factors limiting its widespread use.To address these issues,a device that uses bipolar pulses to excite plasma is developed,and it can flexibly adjust its output voltage,frequency and duty cycle,effectively reducing breakdown voltage and power consumption.By conducting simulation and saltwater discharge experiments,the excitation process of plasma is elaborated in detail.Meanwhile,the effects of two different pulse excitation modes on plasma excitation are discussed and compared.The results show that the bipolar pulse excitation mode is advantageous in reducing discharge current and breakdown voltage,and shortening the formation time of the vapor layer,which effectively relieves thermal injuries to the tissues.Finally,the broad application potential of the plasma ablation device is demonstrated in plasma ablation experiments which are conducted at different voltages,with pork as the experimental material.The study provides a new theoretical basis and practical guidance for the application of plasma ablation technology in minimally invasive surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the implementation effect of hour-1 bundle for sepsis patients based on crisis resource management (CRM) system. METHODS: A historical control study was conducted. The hour-1 bundle for sepsis based on CRM was used to train 24 nurses in the emergency department from October 2022 to March 2023. Clinical data of sepsis patients admitted to the emergency department of the First People's Hospital of Zunyi from April 2022 to September 2023 were collected. The patients were divided into three groups based on different stages of CRM system construction: control group (before construction, from April to September in 2022), improvement group (during construction, from October 2022 to March 2023) and observation group (after construction, from April to September in 2023). The baseline data, implementation rate of hour-1 bundle [including blood culture, antibiotic usage, blood lactic acid (Lac) detection, fluid resuscitation, hypertensors usage], identification and diagnosis time, and prognosis parameters [including correction rate of hypoxemia, intensive care unit (ICU) occupancy rate, and 28-day survival rate]. Sepsis cognition survey and non-technical skill (NTS) evaluation of nurses in emergency department were conducted before and after training. RESULTS: Finally 43 cases were enrolled in the control group, improvement group and observation group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in baseline data including the gender, age, primary site, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, mechanical ventilation ratio among the three groups with comparability. With the gradual improvement of the CRM system, the implementation rate of 1-hour bundle was gradually increased, and the implementation rate in the control group, improvement group and observation group were 65.12% (28/43), 74.42% (32/43) and 88.37% (38/43), respectively, with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). It was mainly reflected in the completion rate of blood culture, antibiotic usage rate, Lac detection rate and hypertensors usage rate within 1 hour, which were significantly higher in the observation group than those in the control group [completion rate of blood culture: 90.70% (39/43) vs. 62.79% (27/43), antibiotic usage rate: 88.37% (38/43) vs. 60.47% (26/43), Lac detection rate: 93.02% (40/43) vs. 72.09% (31/43), hypertensors usage rate: 88.37% (38/43) vs. 60.47% (26/43), all P < 0.05]. The fluid resuscitation rates within 1 hour in the three groups were all over 90%, with no statistically significant difference among the three groups. The recognition and diagnosis time in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group and the improvement group (hours: 0.41±0.15 vs. 0.61±0.21, 0.51±0.18, both P < 0.05), the correction rate of hypoxemia and 28-day survival rate were significantly higher than those in the control group [correction rate of hypoxemia: 95.35% (41/43) vs. 74.42% (32/43), 28-day survival rate: 83.72% (36/43) vs. 60.47% (26/43), both P < 0.05], and ICU occupancy rate was significantly lower than that in the control group [72.09% (31/43) vs. 93.02% (40/43), P < 0.05]. After training in the CRM system, the score of the sepsis awareness survey questionnaire for emergency department nurses was significantly increased as compared with before training (60.42±5.29 vs. 44.17±9.21, P < 0.01), and NTS also showed significant improvement. CONCLUSION CRM plays a significant role in promoting the implementation of sepsis hour-1 bundle, which can improve the implementation rate of hour-1 bundle and NTS of medical staff, effectively improve patients' hypoxemia, reduce patients' ICU occupancy rate and 28-day risk of death.
Humans ; Sepsis/therapy* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Patient Care Bundles ; Intensive Care Units ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To analyze risk factors for poor postoperative wound healing in spinal tuberculo-sis patients and construct prediction models along with a risk scoring table using machine learning algorithms,providing references for early prevention and management.Methods Clinical data from 420 spinal tuberculo-sis patients treated at four tertiary hospitals in Guizhou Province between January 2017 and February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Risk factors were identified through univariate and multivariate analyses.Logis-tic regression,random forest,and support vector machine prediction models were constructed.Model perform-ance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,precision,recall,accuracy,and F1-score.A risk prediction scoring table for poor postoperative wound healing was subsequently developed.Re-sults Among the 420 patients with spinal tuberculosis,132 experienced poor postoperative wound healing,with an incidence rate of 31.43%.Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI≤18.5 kg/m2,preoperative albumin≤30 g/L,combined surgical procedure,intraoperative blood loss>1 000 mL,direct bilirubin>8 μmol/L within 3 days after surgery,neutrophil count≤75×109/L within 3 days after surgery,and postopera-tive drainage volume>500 mL were risk factors for poor postoperative wound healing(P<0.05).In the comparison among the three risk prediction models constructed based on machine learning algorithms,the ran-dom forest model demonstrated the best predictive performance.A risk prediction scoring table was construc-ted based on the partial regression coefficients from the multivariate analysis,with a total score range from 0 to 11 points.A score>6 points indicated an increased risk of poor postoperative wound healing.The area un-der the ROC curve(AUC)for this risk prediction scoring table was 0.846(95%CI:0.769 to 0.923),indica-ting good predictive performance.Conclusion The random forest model based on machine learning algorithms and the risk prediction scoring table have certain predictive value for assessing the risk of poor postoperative wound healing in patients with spinal tuberculosis;they can assist healthcare professionals in early identifica-tion of high-risk patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of the anterolateral thigh perforator flaps transplantation in repairing the wounds after radical resection of skin malignant tumors in the head, face, and neck.Methods:This study was a retrospective observational study. From May 2020 to December 2023, 27 patients with skin malignant tumors in the head, face, and neck were admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the First People's Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, including 19 males and 8 females, aged 53 to 89 years. There were 21 cases with squamous cell carcinoma and 6 cases with basal cell carcinoma. The wound area after radical resection of tumors was 9.0 cm×7.0 cm to 27.0 cm×21.5 cm. The wounds were repaired with the lobulated, combined, or various forms of combination of the anterolateral thigh perforator flaps, and the harvesting flap area in single donor site was 10.0 cm×8.0 cm to 27.0 cm×11.0 cm. The wounds in the flap donor sites were closed by suturing in 26 patients, while the wound in the flap donor site in 1 patient was repaired with medium-thickness skin graft in the lower leg. The survival of the flap, and the occurrence of vascular crisis and infection were observed after surgery. During follow-up after surgery, the tumor recurrence, shape and texture of the flaps, and the function and scar formation of the limbs where the donor site was located were observed.Results:Only one patient developed venous crisis of the flap 27 hours after surgery, and the flap survived after vascular exploration and reanastomosis of the vein; the flaps in the other patients survived after surgery. One patient had an infected effusion under the flap after surgery, which healed after dressing change. After 6-36 months of postoperative follow-up, no tumor recurrence was observed; the flap had good appearance, texture, and elasticity; the limb where the donor site was located functioned normally, with only linear scars left.Conclusions:For complex wounds after radical resection of skin malignant tumors in the head, face, and neck, different forms of anterolateral thigh perforator flaps can be used to repair the wounds according to the condition of the wounds, and the wounds in the recipient sites heal well after surgery, with minimal damage to the donor site.

Objective:To investigate the effect and safety of etonogestrel implant and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in the treatment of adenomyosis.Methods:Eighty patients with adenomyosis in Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital were selected from September 2021 to September 2023. According to the random number table method, they were divided into observation group and control group, with 45 cases in each group. The patients in observation group were treated with etonogestrel implant, while the patients in control group were given LNG-IUS. The uterine conditions, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, menstrual pattern, sex hormones [estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)] and laboratory indicators [hemoglobin, serum ferritin (SF) and carbohydrate antigen 125] before treatment and after 12 months of treatment and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups of patients. Measurement data were expressed as xˉ±s. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used for comparison between the two groups at multiple time points. LSD-t test was used for pairwise comparison. Two independent sample t test was used for comparison between the two groups. Paired t test was used for comparison before and after treatment. Enumeration data were expressed as n (%), and χ2 test was used for comparison between groups. Results:After 12 months of treatment, the uterine volume and endometrial thickness in observation group and control group were reduced compared to before treatment [observation group: (122.72±13.52) cm 3 vs. (202.72±20.75) cm 3, (6.83±1.35) mm vs. (9.84±1.76) mm, t=21.67,9.10, respectively, both P<0.001; control group: (134.82±17.64) cm 3 vs. (203.46±20.03) cm 3, (7.52±1.52) mm vs. (9.79±1.82) mm, t=17.25,6.42, respectively, both P<0.001], and the indicators in observation group were lower than those in control group ( t=3.65, 2.28, P<0.001, P=0.025, respectively). The levels of estradiol, LH and FSH were lower than those before treatment[observation group: (1.40±0.30) nmol/L vs. (2.42±0.41) nmol/L, (10.12±1.14) U/L vs. (12.84±2.63) U/L, (5.32±0.87) U/L vs. (9.34±1.35) U/L, t=13.47,6.36,10.03, respectively, all P<0.001; control group: (1.68±0.33) nmol/L vs. (2.40±0.48) nmol/L, (11.41±1.53) U/L vs. (12.96±2.25) U/L, (7.03±1.04) U/L vs. (9.53±1.31) U/L, t=8.29,3.82,16.79, respectively, all P<0.001], and the observation group had lower levels than the control group( t=4.21,4.54,8.46, respectively, all P<0.001). Hemoglobin and SF levels were higher than those before treatment, and the levels in observation group were higher than those in control group [observation group: (116.46±3.07) mg/L vs. (109.46±3.64) mg/L, (117.33±16.46) μg/L vs. (53.82±7.52) μg/L, t=9.86,18.95, respectively, both P<0.001; control group: (114.63±3.48) mg/L vs. (110.63±3.48) mg/L, (95.34±12.63) μg/L vs. (52.58±8.21) μg/L, t=5.45,23.61, respectively, both P<0.001], and the levels in observation group were higher than those in control group( t=2.64,7.11, P=0.010, P<0.001, respectively). The level of carbohydrate antigen 125 was lower than that before treatment, [observation group:(40.31±3.10) kU/L vs.(68.31±4.75) kU/L, t=33.12, P<0.001;control group:(57.45±4.27) kU/L vs.(67.64±4.83) kU/L, t=10.60, P<0.001], and the level in observation group was lower than that in control group ( t=21.79, P<0.001). At 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, the VAS score in both group decreased gradually, and the scores in observation group were lower than those in control group [(4.35±0.88) points vs. (4.71±0.75) points, (3.21±0.73) points vs. (3.63±0.82) points, (2.64±0.51) points vs. (3.16±0.64) points, all P<0.05]. Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in menstrual patterns between the two groups of patients ( P>0.05). After 12 months of treatment, the proportion of normal menstrual patterns in the implant group was higher than that in the sustained-release group [68.9% (31/45) vs. 46.7% (21/45), χ2=4.56, P=0.033], while the proportion of frequent bleeding was lower than that in the sustained-release group [6.7% (3/45) vs. 22.2% (10/45), χ2=4.41, P=0.036]. There was no statistical significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment [8.9% (4/45) vs. 11.1% (5/45), χ2=0.00, P=1.000]. Conclusion:Compared with LNG-IUS, etonogestrel can more effectively improve the uterine conditions, relieve the dysmenorrhea symptoms, and improve the blood related indicators, and with high safety.

Although low temperature plasma ablation technology has significant advantages in clinical applications,its poor stability,high power consumption and thermal injuries to the tissues are still key factors limiting its widespread use.To address these issues,a device that uses bipolar pulses to excite plasma is developed,and it can flexibly adjust its output voltage,frequency and duty cycle,effectively reducing breakdown voltage and power consumption.By conducting simulation and saltwater discharge experiments,the excitation process of plasma is elaborated in detail.Meanwhile,the effects of two different pulse excitation modes on plasma excitation are discussed and compared.The results show that the bipolar pulse excitation mode is advantageous in reducing discharge current and breakdown voltage,and shortening the formation time of the vapor layer,which effectively relieves thermal injuries to the tissues.Finally,the broad application potential of the plasma ablation device is demonstrated in plasma ablation experiments which are conducted at different voltages,with pork as the experimental material.The study provides a new theoretical basis and practical guidance for the application of plasma ablation technology in minimally invasive surgery.

Objective:To investigate the effect and safety of etonogestrel implant and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in the treatment of adenomyosis.Methods:Eighty patients with adenomyosis in Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital were selected from September 2021 to September 2023. According to the random number table method, they were divided into observation group and control group, with 45 cases in each group. The patients in observation group were treated with etonogestrel implant, while the patients in control group were given LNG-IUS. The uterine conditions, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, menstrual pattern, sex hormones [estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)] and laboratory indicators [hemoglobin, serum ferritin (SF) and carbohydrate antigen 125] before treatment and after 12 months of treatment and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups of patients. Measurement data were expressed as xˉ±s. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used for comparison between the two groups at multiple time points. LSD-t test was used for pairwise comparison. Two independent sample t test was used for comparison between the two groups. Paired t test was used for comparison before and after treatment. Enumeration data were expressed as n (%), and χ2 test was used for comparison between groups. Results:After 12 months of treatment, the uterine volume and endometrial thickness in observation group and control group were reduced compared to before treatment [observation group: (122.72±13.52) cm 3 vs. (202.72±20.75) cm 3, (6.83±1.35) mm vs. (9.84±1.76) mm, t=21.67,9.10, respectively, both P<0.001; control group: (134.82±17.64) cm 3 vs. (203.46±20.03) cm 3, (7.52±1.52) mm vs. (9.79±1.82) mm, t=17.25,6.42, respectively, both P<0.001], and the indicators in observation group were lower than those in control group ( t=3.65, 2.28, P<0.001, P=0.025, respectively). The levels of estradiol, LH and FSH were lower than those before treatment[observation group: (1.40±0.30) nmol/L vs. (2.42±0.41) nmol/L, (10.12±1.14) U/L vs. (12.84±2.63) U/L, (5.32±0.87) U/L vs. (9.34±1.35) U/L, t=13.47,6.36,10.03, respectively, all P<0.001; control group: (1.68±0.33) nmol/L vs. (2.40±0.48) nmol/L, (11.41±1.53) U/L vs. (12.96±2.25) U/L, (7.03±1.04) U/L vs. (9.53±1.31) U/L, t=8.29,3.82,16.79, respectively, all P<0.001], and the observation group had lower levels than the control group( t=4.21,4.54,8.46, respectively, all P<0.001). Hemoglobin and SF levels were higher than those before treatment, and the levels in observation group were higher than those in control group [observation group: (116.46±3.07) mg/L vs. (109.46±3.64) mg/L, (117.33±16.46) μg/L vs. (53.82±7.52) μg/L, t=9.86,18.95, respectively, both P<0.001; control group: (114.63±3.48) mg/L vs. (110.63±3.48) mg/L, (95.34±12.63) μg/L vs. (52.58±8.21) μg/L, t=5.45,23.61, respectively, both P<0.001], and the levels in observation group were higher than those in control group( t=2.64,7.11, P=0.010, P<0.001, respectively). The level of carbohydrate antigen 125 was lower than that before treatment, [observation group:(40.31±3.10) kU/L vs.(68.31±4.75) kU/L, t=33.12, P<0.001;control group:(57.45±4.27) kU/L vs.(67.64±4.83) kU/L, t=10.60, P<0.001], and the level in observation group was lower than that in control group ( t=21.79, P<0.001). At 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, the VAS score in both group decreased gradually, and the scores in observation group were lower than those in control group [(4.35±0.88) points vs. (4.71±0.75) points, (3.21±0.73) points vs. (3.63±0.82) points, (2.64±0.51) points vs. (3.16±0.64) points, all P<0.05]. Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in menstrual patterns between the two groups of patients ( P>0.05). After 12 months of treatment, the proportion of normal menstrual patterns in the implant group was higher than that in the sustained-release group [68.9% (31/45) vs. 46.7% (21/45), χ2=4.56, P=0.033], while the proportion of frequent bleeding was lower than that in the sustained-release group [6.7% (3/45) vs. 22.2% (10/45), χ2=4.41, P=0.036]. There was no statistical significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment [8.9% (4/45) vs. 11.1% (5/45), χ2=0.00, P=1.000]. Conclusion:Compared with LNG-IUS, etonogestrel can more effectively improve the uterine conditions, relieve the dysmenorrhea symptoms, and improve the blood related indicators, and with high safety.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of the anterolateral thigh perforator flaps transplantation in repairing the wounds after radical resection of skin malignant tumors in the head, face, and neck.Methods:This study was a retrospective observational study. From May 2020 to December 2023, 27 patients with skin malignant tumors in the head, face, and neck were admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the First People's Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, including 19 males and 8 females, aged 53 to 89 years. There were 21 cases with squamous cell carcinoma and 6 cases with basal cell carcinoma. The wound area after radical resection of tumors was 9.0 cm×7.0 cm to 27.0 cm×21.5 cm. The wounds were repaired with the lobulated, combined, or various forms of combination of the anterolateral thigh perforator flaps, and the harvesting flap area in single donor site was 10.0 cm×8.0 cm to 27.0 cm×11.0 cm. The wounds in the flap donor sites were closed by suturing in 26 patients, while the wound in the flap donor site in 1 patient was repaired with medium-thickness skin graft in the lower leg. The survival of the flap, and the occurrence of vascular crisis and infection were observed after surgery. During follow-up after surgery, the tumor recurrence, shape and texture of the flaps, and the function and scar formation of the limbs where the donor site was located were observed.Results:Only one patient developed venous crisis of the flap 27 hours after surgery, and the flap survived after vascular exploration and reanastomosis of the vein; the flaps in the other patients survived after surgery. One patient had an infected effusion under the flap after surgery, which healed after dressing change. After 6-36 months of postoperative follow-up, no tumor recurrence was observed; the flap had good appearance, texture, and elasticity; the limb where the donor site was located functioned normally, with only linear scars left.Conclusions:For complex wounds after radical resection of skin malignant tumors in the head, face, and neck, different forms of anterolateral thigh perforator flaps can be used to repair the wounds according to the condition of the wounds, and the wounds in the recipient sites heal well after surgery, with minimal damage to the donor site.

BackgroundSuicidal behavior in adolescence and early adulthood is a major public health concern， and suicide attempts are found to be associated with reasons for living and self-control， whereas there remains a striking lack of empirical research exploring the association among the three in college students. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship among suicide attempts， reasons for living and self-control， and to inform targeted efforts to prevent the development of suicidal behavior. MethodsFrom April to May 2023， a sample of 775 college students from 10 colleges and universities in Shaanxi province， Sichuan province and Chongqing municipality were selected using random sampling method. All students were subjected to complete Self-Control Scale （SCS）， the Reasons for Living Inventory for Adolescents （RFL-A）， and the self-administered Suicide Attempt Questionnaire. Spearman correlation analysis was utilized to examine the correlation among the above scales in students， and mediation analysis was performed using Mplus 8.3. ResultsA total of 738 college students （95.32%） completed the effective questionnaire survey.Suicide attempts were detected in 99 college students （13.41%）. SCS score was positively correlated with RFL-A score （r=0.329， P<0.01）， and SCS score and RFL-A score were both negatively correlated with the risk of suicide attempts （r=-0.194， -0.285， P<0.01）. The indirect mediation effect value of self-control on the relationship between reasons for living and suicide attempts was -0.059 （95% CI： -0.105~-0.018）， accounting for 11.07% of the total effect. There was a gender difference in the mediating effect of self-control， among which the effect was significant in male group， with an indirect effect value of -0.089 （95% CI： -0.163~-0.030） and accounting for 15.72% of the total effect， whereas the mediating effect was not significant in female group （95% CI： -0.407~0.115）. ConclusionReasons for living can negatively predict suicide attempts among college students， and self-control may play a mediating role in the relationship between reasons for living and suicide attempts among college students， and the mediating effect of self-control appears to be statistically significant only in male but not in female students.

Objective:To design a single-line low-temperature plasma ablation electrode, aiming to solve the problem of uniform, continuous and stable microbubbles generated by conventional electrodes, and improve the ablation and cutting effect of low-temperature plasma.Methods:The structures of low temperature plasma three-wire electrode and single-line electrode were modeled in SolidWorks 2021 3D modeling software, and the prototype was made by 3D printing. The finite element analysis of electric field and temperature field of the two kinds of electrode ablation process was carried out by COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1 software, and the validity and correctness of the finite element simulation model were verified by temperature test experiment, and the ablation effect and plasma excitation process of the two kinds of electrode were compared by tissue ablation experiment and low temperature plasma excitation experiment.Results:The results of finite element analysis showed that the maximum surface temperature of three-wire electrode and single-wire electrode were 70.2 and 63.3 ℃, respectively, and the surface temperature of single-wire electrode was more ideal, and the maximum electric field intensity of the two electrodes was more than 1.0 × 10 7 V/m, which met the electric field condition of microbubble breakdown. The electric field intensity of the two ends of the three-wire electrode was much higher than that of the other regions, while the electric field intensity of the single-wire electrode had no obvious sudden change and fluctuation. The experimental values of the temperature at the electrode surface and a distance of 1 cm on the electrode surface were basically consistent with the simulation values, the degree of fit was good, and the relative error was 3.2%. The highest ablation temperature of single linear electrode on pig fat was 46.8 ℃. After ablation, there was no coking area in morphology, and the tissue cutting depth of 0.5 mm could be reached in 1 s. When connected to the energy platform, microbubbles would occur on the working electrode surface of the single-wire electrode; when 6 ms was electrified, the working electrode surface was completely covered by microbubbles; when 9 ms was energized, the low-temperature plasma was excited and the blue-purple plasma could be seen; when 25 ms was energized, the microbubbles were still regular and stable. Conclusions:A kind of single-line low-temperature plasma ablation electrode is designed, which can produce uniform, continuous and stable microbubbles and achieve better ablation and cutting effect than the traditional electrode.