Weissella viridescens(W.viridescens)was used as the trained immunity inducer.We mo-nitored the protective efficacy against lethal infection of Candida albicans.After W.viridescens training,inflammatory mediator level was measured by NO assay kit upon re-stimulation,and the bacterial killing ability of peritoneal macrophages(PMs)was detected by counting CFU after Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)infection.The expression proteins in the classical signaling pathway of trained immunity were detected.Meanwhile,the PMs were pretreated with the corre-sponding inhibitors for the corroborative mechanism.The results showed that W.viridescens could induce trained immunity.The survival rate of Galleria mellonella treated with W.viridescens was still as high as 70％at 48 h,which protected against lethal infection of Candida albicans.W.viri-descens-trained PMs presented immune-enhancing activity,producing more inflammatory mediator(NO)after LPS stimulation and accelerating the clearance of S.aureus.To our delight,the high ex-pression levels of AKT/mTOR/HIF1α were observed under W.viridescens training.Moreover,in-hibiting the AKT/mTOR/HIF1α signaling with inhibitors dampened the trained response to LPS after W.viridescens training.Altogether,these results suggested that W.viridescens induces trained immunity through the AKT-mTOR-HIF-1α pathway to enhance the pro-inflammatory and anti-in-fective capacities of host cells.

The ribosomal protein S11(RPS11)from Enterococcus faecalis is was heterologously ex-pressed using the Pichia pastoris system.The RPS11 gene sequence was optimized to match the yeast codon preference,and the recombinant expression vector pPIC9K-RPS11 was constructed.Electroporation was used to transform the vector into the Pichia pastoris GS115 strain,and high-copy recombinant strains were selected through G418 resistance screening.Protein expression was induced with methanol,and the expression was verified by SDS-PAGE.The recombinant protein was applied in a mouse melanoma treatment model to evaluate its therapeutic effects.The results showed that the recombinant expression vector pPIC9K-RPS11 successfully expressed the target protein with an approximate molecular weight of 14 kDa in Pichia pastoris.The optimal fermenta-tion conditions were determined to be an induction temperature of 30 ℃,induction time of 72 h,and methanol concentration of 1％.Analysis using a mouse peritoneal macrophage trained immuni-ty model revealed that recombinant RPS11 possessed biological activity capable of inducing trained immunity.Additionally,therapeutic experiments in a mouse melanoma model demonstrated that recombinant RPS11 significantly inhibited tumor growth.These findings suggest that the recombi-nant RPS11 secreted by Pichia pastoris not only possesses biological activity in inducing trained immunity but also inhibits tumor cell growth in a mouse melanoma model,providing theoretical support for the heterologous expression and potential applications of recombinant RPS11.

Weissella viridescens(W.viridescens)was used as the trained immunity inducer.We mo-nitored the protective efficacy against lethal infection of Candida albicans.After W.viridescens training,inflammatory mediator level was measured by NO assay kit upon re-stimulation,and the bacterial killing ability of peritoneal macrophages(PMs)was detected by counting CFU after Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)infection.The expression proteins in the classical signaling pathway of trained immunity were detected.Meanwhile,the PMs were pretreated with the corre-sponding inhibitors for the corroborative mechanism.The results showed that W.viridescens could induce trained immunity.The survival rate of Galleria mellonella treated with W.viridescens was still as high as 70％at 48 h,which protected against lethal infection of Candida albicans.W.viri-descens-trained PMs presented immune-enhancing activity,producing more inflammatory mediator(NO)after LPS stimulation and accelerating the clearance of S.aureus.To our delight,the high ex-pression levels of AKT/mTOR/HIF1α were observed under W.viridescens training.Moreover,in-hibiting the AKT/mTOR/HIF1α signaling with inhibitors dampened the trained response to LPS after W.viridescens training.Altogether,these results suggested that W.viridescens induces trained immunity through the AKT-mTOR-HIF-1α pathway to enhance the pro-inflammatory and anti-in-fective capacities of host cells.

The ribosomal protein S11(RPS11)from Enterococcus faecalis is was heterologously ex-pressed using the Pichia pastoris system.The RPS11 gene sequence was optimized to match the yeast codon preference,and the recombinant expression vector pPIC9K-RPS11 was constructed.Electroporation was used to transform the vector into the Pichia pastoris GS115 strain,and high-copy recombinant strains were selected through G418 resistance screening.Protein expression was induced with methanol,and the expression was verified by SDS-PAGE.The recombinant protein was applied in a mouse melanoma treatment model to evaluate its therapeutic effects.The results showed that the recombinant expression vector pPIC9K-RPS11 successfully expressed the target protein with an approximate molecular weight of 14 kDa in Pichia pastoris.The optimal fermenta-tion conditions were determined to be an induction temperature of 30 ℃,induction time of 72 h,and methanol concentration of 1％.Analysis using a mouse peritoneal macrophage trained immuni-ty model revealed that recombinant RPS11 possessed biological activity capable of inducing trained immunity.Additionally,therapeutic experiments in a mouse melanoma model demonstrated that recombinant RPS11 significantly inhibited tumor growth.These findings suggest that the recombi-nant RPS11 secreted by Pichia pastoris not only possesses biological activity in inducing trained immunity but also inhibits tumor cell growth in a mouse melanoma model,providing theoretical support for the heterologous expression and potential applications of recombinant RPS11.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of compound whole grain-soybean on insulin resistance and serum adipocytokines levels in impared fasting glucose population.

METHODSAccording to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 163 cases of impared fasting glucose (IFG) Chinese Han population from the age of 40 to 75 years old, were screened from 12 community health centers of three main districts of Nanjing city by the multi-stage cluster and simple randomization method from March to September, 2008. The IFG subjects were randomly divided into the intervention group (87 individuals) and control group (76 individuals) by quasi-experimental design. The intervention group was provided with compound whole grain-soybean and health education, while only health education was provided for the control group. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), adipocytokines including leptin, lipocalin 2 (LCN-2) and adiponectin (ADP) levels were measured before and after the half a year intervention period. Chi square test was used to analyze the distribution differences. Two-sample t-test was used to compare the differences of the two groups before and after the half a year intervention period, and paired t-test was used to compare the differences between before and after intervention in the intervention group or control group. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the differences of all indexes between after and before dietary intervention.

RESULTSAfter dietary intervention for half a year on the IFG population, BMI ((24.87 ± 3.69) kg/m(2)), FBG((6.27 ± 0.24) mmol/L), FINS((7.14 ± 1.05) mU/L) , HOMA-IR (1.99 ± 0.31), leptin ((13.07 ± 2.22) µg /L), LCN-2 ((67.42 ± 18.20) µg/L) of intervention group were decreased significantly compared to the levels of BMI ((25.16 ± 4.07) kg/m(2)), FBG((6.40 ± 0.28) mmol/L), FINS ((7.32 ± 1.54) mU/L), HOMA-IR (2.08 ± 0.45), leptin ((13.43 ± 2.52) µg/L), LCN-2((74.87 ± 17.81) µg/L) before dietary intervention, t values were 4.48, 7.08, 2.05, 3.39, 3.28 and 6.36, respectively, and all P values were < 0.05, while ADP ((5.07 ± 1.51) mg/L) of intervention group after dietary intervention was increased significantly compared to the level of ADP ((4.92 ± 1.53) mg/L) before dietary intervention, t = -2.47 and P < 0.05. The medians (P25, P 75) of differences after and before dietary intervention in the intervention group were BMI (-0.25(-0.68, 0.02) kg/m(2)), FBG (-0.08 (-0.20, 0.00) mmol/L), FINS (-0.15(-0.32, 0.00) mU/L), HOMA-IR (-0.07(-0.12, -0.03)), leptin (-0.36(-0.77, 0.12) µg/L), LCN-2 (-5.85(-14.29, -0.71) µg/L) and ADP (0.15(-0.13, 0.36) mg/L), and the medians of differences of after and before dietary intervention in the control group were BMI (0.00(-0.23, 0.29) kg/m(2)), FBG (0.00(-0.03, 0.04) mmol/L), FINS (-0.01(-0.13, 0.04) mU/L), HOMA-IR (-0.01(-0.05, 0.02)), leptin (-0.07 (-0.57, 0.46) µg/L), LCN-2 (-0.85(-5.39, 1.63) µg/L) and ADP (0.02(-0.19, 0.13) mg/L). There were significantly statistical differences between them (Z values were -3.65, -4.88, -3.08, -5.23, -2.16, -4.43 and 3.05, all P values were <0.05).

CONCLUSIONDietary intervention of compound whole grain-soybean can improves glucose level, increase insulin sensitivity and ameliorate insulin resistance state of IFG population.

Adipokines ; blood ; Adiponectin ; blood ; Aged ; Apolipoproteins ; blood ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Soybeans ; Waist-Hip Ratio

The clinical values of coils embolization in the treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) and related complications were investigated. Eleven patients with PAVMs verified by pulmonary arterial angiography were treated by transcatheter coils embolization. Chest X-ray (11 cases), computer tomography (7 cases) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (2 cases) were performed before embolization. Blood-gas analysis was done in 5 cases before and after embolization. The follow-up materials of 8 patients were collected to evaluate the effect of embolization with coils. The clinical manifestations included cerebral embolus, hemoptysis and decreased oxygenation in 9 patients and the remaining 2 had no symptoms. 9/11 cases were found by chest X-ray and 8 were diagnosed definitely. 7/7, 2/2 cases were diagnosed by CT or MR and diagnosis was made in all cases. Embolization was performed in 29 vessels. Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood of 5 cases changed significantly before and after embolization. Slight complications occurred in 6 patients, such as low fever, chest pain, pleurisy. The follow-up results showed that 7 cases were cured effectively. No primary and secondary device migration, and no medical paradoxical embolization occurred. It was concluded that coils embolization is a well-established method for treating PAVMs. It is a minimally invasive lung preserving treatment with high efficiency and less complication.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; instrumentation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities ; Pulmonary Veins ; abnormalities ; Treatment Outcome

The clinical values of coils embolization in the treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) and related complications were investigated. Eleven patients with PAVMs verified by pulmonary arterial angiography were treated by transcatheter coils embolization. Chest X-ray (11 cases), computer tomography (7 cases) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (2 cases) were performed before embolization. Blood-gas analysis was done in 5 cases before and after embolization. The follow-up materials of 8 patients were collected to evaluate the effect of embolization with coils. The clinical manifestations included cerebral embolus, hemoptysis and decreased oxygenation in 9 patients and the remaining 2 had no symptoms. 9/11 cases were found by chest X-ray and 8 were diagnosed definitely. 7/7, 2/2 cases were diagnosed by CT or MR and diagnosis was made in all cases. Embolization was performed in 29 vessels. Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood of 5 cases changed significantly before and after embolization. Slight complications occurred in 6 patients, such as low fever, chest pain, pleurisy. The follow-up results showed that 7 cases were cured effectively. No primary and secondary device migration, and no medical paradoxical embolization occurred. It was concluded that coils embolization is a well-established method for treating PAVMs. It is a minimally invasive lung preserving treatment with high efficiency and less complication.
Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnosis ; Arteriovenous Malformations/*therapy ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*instrumentation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Pulmonary Artery/*abnormalities ; Pulmonary Veins/*abnormalities ; Treatment Outcome