Diabetic kidney disease （DKD） is a microvascular complication of diabetes， with a complex pathogenesis， in which mitochondrial dysfunction is considered to be the core of DKD development. Taking mitochondria as a target to regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism， mitochondrial oxidative stress， mitophagy， and mitochondrial dynamic function represents a promising strategy for the DKD prevention and treatment， with good prospects in clinical application. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has great potential to mediate mitochondrial dysfunction in the DKD prevention and treatment. This article deeply explores the intrinsic relationship between various forms of mitochondrial dysfunction and DKD， and summarizes the current research status of various Chinese herbal compounds and Chinese herbal formulas in targeting mitochondrial dysfunction for the DKD prevention and treatment. This article aims to provide new targets and strategies for the DKD prevention and treatment， and the research and development of TCM.

Objective To systematically review and analyze the characteristics and current status of registered clinical trials on Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)for the prevention and treatment of overweight/obesity.Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of two primary clinical trial registration platforms,the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov,to extract registered information on TCM interventions for overweight/obesity.The search period spanned from the establishment of each registry to December 31,2024.Statistical analysis was performed on the extracted registration data.Results A total of 226 clinical studies were included,with a cumulative sample size of 25165 participants.The annual registration volume exhibited a significant upward trend.The majority of studies were interventional in design,with primary outcome measures focusing on anthropometric and metabolic indicators.Notably,only two trials fully met the international standards for clinical trial registration as outlined by the World Health Organization(WHO).Conclusion A quality assessment of the overall registration data revealed that the quality of trial registrations remains suboptimal.Issues such as inadequate standardization,transparency,and comprehensiveness were identified.Additionally,the geographical distribution of registered trials was uneven,and there is an urgent need to refine outcome measures related to TCM syndrome differentiation.

With the development of society,the incidence of obesity has increased year by year in recent years,which has seriously jeopardized public health and safety,and has been a hot spot in the field of endocrine research.At the same time,obesity is also an important cause of a variety of metabolic diseases,such as metabolic syndrome,pre-diabetes,hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome and other diseases,but the etiology and mechanism of obesity have not been completely clear,and basic research on obesity of traditional Chinese and western medicine still needs to be widely carried out.In this paper,animal models of obesity and its complications will be comprehensively summarized,and the model principles will be elaborated in combination with TCM syndromes and western medicine mechanisms,and evaluate their merits and demerits,so as to provide references for the selection of reasonable animal models for relevant experimental studies of obesity.

Objective To systematically review and analyze the characteristics and current status of registered clinical trials on Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)for the prevention and treatment of overweight/obesity.Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of two primary clinical trial registration platforms,the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov,to extract registered information on TCM interventions for overweight/obesity.The search period spanned from the establishment of each registry to December 31,2024.Statistical analysis was performed on the extracted registration data.Results A total of 226 clinical studies were included,with a cumulative sample size of 25165 participants.The annual registration volume exhibited a significant upward trend.The majority of studies were interventional in design,with primary outcome measures focusing on anthropometric and metabolic indicators.Notably,only two trials fully met the international standards for clinical trial registration as outlined by the World Health Organization(WHO).Conclusion A quality assessment of the overall registration data revealed that the quality of trial registrations remains suboptimal.Issues such as inadequate standardization,transparency,and comprehensiveness were identified.Additionally,the geographical distribution of registered trials was uneven,and there is an urgent need to refine outcome measures related to TCM syndrome differentiation.

With the development of society,the incidence of obesity has increased year by year in recent years,which has seriously jeopardized public health and safety,and has been a hot spot in the field of endocrine research.At the same time,obesity is also an important cause of a variety of metabolic diseases,such as metabolic syndrome,pre-diabetes,hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome and other diseases,but the etiology and mechanism of obesity have not been completely clear,and basic research on obesity of traditional Chinese and western medicine still needs to be widely carried out.In this paper,animal models of obesity and its complications will be comprehensively summarized,and the model principles will be elaborated in combination with TCM syndromes and western medicine mechanisms,and evaluate their merits and demerits,so as to provide references for the selection of reasonable animal models for relevant experimental studies of obesity.

The aging disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a hot research topic in the field of diabetes at present.Sarcopenia has become the third major complication of T2DM after microvascular and macrovascular diseases,which could lead to the occurrence and development of various adverse events such as fracture,disability,and dysfunction.The spleen belongs to the earth,is in the middle jiao,governs transportation and transformation,and governs muscle.The functional activities of the spleen manifesting in normal transformation and transportation,the distribution of cereal essence,and the nourishment of muscles are necessary for normal physiological functions to be exerted.Recent studies have shown that skeletal muscle cell ferroptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM sarcopenia.Based on the theory of"spleen governing transportation and transportation and governing muscle",this study explores the pathogenesis of T2DM sarcopenia from the perspectives of the pathogenesis of"dysfunction of spleen in transportation,deficiency of cereal essence,obstruction of dampness and turbidity,and muscle dystrophy"in traditional Chinese medicine and the pathological mechanism of"skeletal muscle cell ferroptosis"in modern medicine.It summarizes the principles of traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment for T2DM sarcopenia based on the spleen,to provide theoretical support for enriching the theoretical connotation of spleen visceral state,as well as basic research and clinical trials on the prevention and treatment of T2DM sarcopenia with traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of hydromorphone for postoperative analgesia in children with congenital heart disease, and provide a suitable reference dose for postoperative analgesia in children.Methods:Using a prospective study, 157 patients with congenital heart disease(ASA Ⅱ- Ⅳ) admitted to pediatric intensive care unit at Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from November 2019 to November 2021 were randomly divided into five groups.Low-dose hydromorphone group (H1 group, 30 cases): hydromorphone dose ≥2 and <3 μg/(kg·h), hydromorphone medium-dose group (H2 group, 30 cases): hydromorphone dose ≥3 and <4 μg/(kg·h), high-dose hydromorphone group (H3 group, 31 cases): hydromorphone dose ≥4 and ≤5 μg/(kg·h), sufentanil group (S group, 36 cases): the dose of sufentanil was 0.08 μg/(kg·h), morphine group (M group, 30 cases): the dose of morphine was 20 μg/(kg·h). The five groups of children received midazolam 2 μg/(kg·min) intravenously at the same time as sedative therapy.Pain score and sedation score were scored at 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h after operation.Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, blood glucose, lactate, and serum cortisol levels were also monitored and detected, and the occurrence of adverse reactions, the number of cases requiring additional analgesic and sedative drugs, as well as the duration of mechanical ventilation were compared.Results:(1) There were no significant differences regarding the age, body weight, cardiopulmonary bypass time, pediatric critical illness score and ASA score among five groups (all P>0.05). (2) There was no significant difference in the levels of respiration, heart rate, blood sugar, lactate and serum cortisol among five groups after operation.There was no significant difference in preoperative mean arterial pressure among the groups, but there was significant difference in the postoperative mean arterial pressure among the groups at 4 h and 8 h( P<0.05). (3) The analgesic satisfaction of H1 group, H2 group and H3 group at 1 h, 4 h, 12 h and 24 h after operation was significantly higher than that in M group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in analgesic satisfaction among H1 group, H2 group and H3 group at each time point.(4) The sedation satisfaction of H1 group, H2 group and H3 group at 4 h and 24 h after operation was significantly higher than that in M group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in sedation satisfaction among H1 group, H2 group and H3 group at each time point.(5) There was no significant difference in postoperative analgesia satisfaction and sedation satisfaction between H1 group, H2 group, H3 group and S group.(6) Children in H1 group[1(0, 2)], H2 group[1(0, 2)], H3 group[1(0, 2)] had fewer additional doses within 24 hours than that in M group[2(2, 3)]( P<0.05), and fewer children in H1 group, H2 group and H3 group had been given analgesic sedatives than that in M group ( P<0.05); The extubation time was shortest in H2 group and S group[H2 group(88.3±2.9) h, S group(85.9±3.0) h]. (7) There were no adverse reactions in H1 group, H2 group, H3 group and S group, and there were two cases of apnea in M group. Conclusion:The analgesic effect of hydromorphone in children with congenital heart disease after surgery is better than that of morphine, and the effect of hydromorphone is comparable to that of sufentanil.Hydromorphone 3-4 μg/(kg·h)+ midazolam 2 μg/(kg·min) can achieve satisfactory analgesic and sedative effects in children after congenital heart surgery, with few adverse reactions, safe and reliable, which is an excellent choice for postoperative analgesia and sedation in children.

Objective To study investigate the dose accuracy that can be achieved with the method of bulk density assignment.Methods Sixteen cases of nasopharyngeal cancer patients and nineteen cases of esophageal cancer patients who accept radiotherapy in our department were selected.The planning CT images with bulk density assignment to different classes of tissues were applied to calculate the dose distributions,and then the resulting dose volume histograms (DVH) of the tumor and organs of risk were compared with the original treatment plan.The paired t-test was taken for dose comparison between two plans.Results The DVH comparison based on the planning CT and the bulk density assignment CT showed good agreements.With nasopharyngeal cancer patients,differences between the two plans about target and normal tissue were less than 1％.With esophageal cancer patients,the dose differences were less than 2％.Conclusion Preliminary results confirm that the bulk density assignment method can be applied to calculate the dose distributions.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of oxysophoridine (OSR) on the EEG and its power spectrum of reticulum formation in mesencephalon of anaesthetized rat.

METHODUtilizing the technique of brain stereotactic apparatus, electrodes were implanted into reticulum formation of mesencephalon. Monopolar lead and computerized FFT technique were employed to record and analyse the index of EEG, power spectrum and frequency distribution in order to study the effect of oxysophoridine on the bioelectricity change of mesencephalon reticulum formation in rats.

RESULTAfter administrating(icy) with oxysophoridine at the dose of 2.5,5, 10 mg/rat, the EEG of mesencephalon reticulum formation mainly characterized with low amplitude and slow waves accompanied by spindle-formed sleeping waves with a significant decrease of total power of EEG (P < 0.05) while the ratio of theta, alpha waves increased in total frequency of rats (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOxysophoridine possesses central inhibitory effects and its inhibitory mechanism may associate with the reduction of bioelectricity in mesencephalon reticulum formation. Mesencephalon reticulum formation may serve as one part of the structure serving as the circuit conducting the central inhibitory effect of oxysophoridine. [Key words] oxysophoridine; reticulum formation; electroencephalogram (EEG) ; rats

Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Electroencephalography ; Male ; Mesencephalon ; drug effects ; physiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reticular Formation ; drug effects ; physiology

Objective Rereach into the pharmaceutical mechnisms of Ganzhixiao Granule which is used to treat fatty liver. Method Build up fatty cirrhosis-rat models by feeding with high-fat food and alcohol. Contract with Dongbaogantai and observe the influence of Ganzhixiao granule on SOD, MDA and the liver function ferment. Result In the group of Ganzhixiao, the activeness of the liver’s SOD can be increased, while the content of MDA and the activeness of ALT and AST can be decreased, that is much better than Dongbaogantai. Conclusion Ganzhixiao granule has strong effect on fatty cirrhosis, and its mechanism may be concerned with the rat’s liver cell membrane and restraining damaging kuffer cell cytokine.