Objective To investigate the effect of final vowel types on the voice onset time(VOT)of differ-ent stops in children with hearing impairment,and to provide a basis for the acquisition and correction of stop sounds.Methods A total of 22 hearing-impaired children aged 3～6 and 22 children with normal hearing were ran-domly selected-18 consonant-vowel(CV)syllables composed of 6 stops and 3 single finals were recorded,using first tone.Using Praat 6.1.29 software to analyze and extract the stops VOT.Two-way ANOVA was used for each stop,the dependent variable was VOT,and the independent variables were hearing status and final type.Results Children in the hearing-impaired group had articulation errors in/t/,/g/,and/k/.Hearing status had significant effect on the main effect of plosives/g/,/p/,/t/,/k/(P＜0.05),and the VOT of slurs/g/,/p/,/t/,/k/in the normal hearing group significantly greater than the hearing-impaired group(P＜0.05).The main effect of finals on the VOT of the stops/b/,/p/and/t/was significant(P＜0.05).Hearing status and final type had an interac-tive effect on the stop/t/,and the simple main effect showed that the difference in VOT of/ti/between the hear-ing-impaired group and the normal hearing group was greater than that of/ta/and/tu/.Conclusion The stops/g/,/p//t/,/k/VOT of hearing-impaired children are smaller than those of with normal hearing.The difference in VOT of/ti/sound between the hearing impaired group and the normal hearing group is greater than that of/ta/sound and/tu/sound.In the teaching of the initial/t/sound for hearing-impaired children,we can start with/ta/and/tu/with less difference,and the/ti/sound is consolidated later.Pay attention to breathing and oral exercise training,to lay a good foundation for clear pronunciation.

Objective:To establish a conditional knockout mouse model of polycystic kidney disease 1 ( Pkd1) gene based on CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre-loxP gene editing technology, and to provide an animal model for in-depth research on the role of Pkd1 gene in the development of polycystic kidney disease. Methods:In-Fusion technology was used to construct a targeting vector. Corresponding gRNAs, Cas9 mRNAs, and donor vectors carrying the loxP site were prepared based on the Pkd1 gene, and injected into the fertilized eggs of C57BL/6N mice. The fertilized eggs were transferred to the fallopian tubes of female mice with pseudopregnancy. After the newborn mice were identified by PCR and sequencing analysis, Pkd1 flox/flox F0 generation positive mice were selected. The F0 generation positive mice were bred with wild-type mice, and F1 generation heterozygous mice with Pkd1 flox/+ genotype were selected for offspring. F2 generation homozygous mice with Pkd1 flox/flox genotype were obtained through internal expansion, and then hybridized with Cre positive Ggt1/ Cre mice. F3 generation mice with Pkd1 flox/+Ggt1 Cre genotype were obtained. F4 generation mice with Pkd1 flox/flox Ggt1 Cre genotype were obtained by self crossing or backcrossing with F2 generation Pkd1 flox/flox, namely kidney-specific Pkd1 gene knockout mice ( Ggt1-cKO mice). PCR method was used to identify the genotype of mice, and then the mice were divided into wild-type control (WT) group ( n=6), Pkd1 homozygous control (PKD) group ( n=6), and Ggt1-cKO knockout validation (CKO) group ( n=6) according to the gene identification results. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of Pkd1 mRNA in the kidneys and other organs of mice in each group. HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes in renal tissues of mice in each group. The automatic biochemical detector was used to detect the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels of mice, and the kidney coefficient was calculated. Results:The PCR detection results showed that the genotype of offspring mice in CKO group was consistent with Pkd1floxflox Ggt1 Cre. Pkd1 gene was only specifically expressed in the kidney, but not in other tissues. The RT-qPCR results showed that the relative expression of Pkd1 mRNA in the renal medulla of CKO group was significantly lower than that of WT and PKD groups. The kidney volume of the CKO group had increased by about twice compared to the WT group. Under the microscope, it could be observed that there were multiple vacuoles of varying sizes and shapes in the kidneys of the CKO group, and there was a significant increase in the interstitial space of the medullary tissue. The kidney coefficient, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine in the CKO group were significantly higher than those in the WT and PKD groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Based on CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre-loxP gene editing technology, Pkd1 gene kidney conditional knockout mice can be successfully constructed, providing an animal model for further studying the action mechanism of Pkd1 gene in polycystic kidney disease.

ObjectiveTo investigate effect of conducting training of autism spectrum disorder （ASD） early screening skill on improving the ability to early identify ASD of medical staffs in primary care hospitals. MethodsIn September 2021， the training of ASD early screening skills was carried out for medical staffs from 20 primary care hospitals in Chengdu. After training， the training effect was evaluated. The numbers of referrals from primary care hospitals to superior hospitals， confirmed ASD as well as their average diagnostic age of children with ASD before and after training were used as evaluation indicators. ResultsAfter training， the number of children with suspected ASD referred by primary care hospitals was more than that before training ［（16.65±11.60） vs. （3.40±2.23）， t=5.431， P<0.01］， the number of children diagnosed with ASD was more than that before training［（6.85±4.93） vs. （2.45±1.67）， t=4.171， P<0.01］， and the differences were statistically significant. As for the diagnosed age of ASD children， after training， the average age was lower than that before training ［（34.95±11.67） vs. （42.2±14.64）， t=-2.553， P=0.019］. ConclusionTraining of ASD early screening skills for medical staffs in primary care hospitals may help to improve their ability to early screening ASD children.

BACKGROUND: Pneumonectomy and sleeve resection are routine operations for the treatment of central non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but some patients suffered of central NSCLC, whose pulmonary function is too poor to tolerate pneumonectomy, or the tumor involves the bronchus and pulmonary artery extensively,it is hard to perform bronchovascular sleeve lobectomy. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of lung autotransplantation in the treatment of central NSCLC. METHODS: The clinical data of 3 cases with central NSCLC treated by lung autotransplantation was reviewed from December 2016 to December 2018. One patient underwent double sleeve resection of left upper lobe with end-to-end anastomosis of the bronchus. Because the resection of the pulmonary artery was too long to perfrom a tension-free anastomosis, the inferior pulmonary vein was cut off, then the left lower lobe was moved up for an anastomosis of the inferior pulmonary vein and the stump of the superior pulmonary vein. In the other 2 cases, left pneumonectomy was performed directly, and the upper left lobe was excised in vitro. The lower left lobe was reset to the chest after trimming and flushing and then the bronchus, pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein were anastomosed in turn. RESULTS: The average operation time was 333 min, the average time of vascular occlusion was 86 min, the average blood loss was 450 mL, and the average hospital stay was 18.7 d; Perioperative complications included a case of bronchial obstruction, which improved after sputum aspiration through bronchofibroscope. The average follow-up period was 20 mon; One case died of cancer, one case had recurrence of anastomotic stoma and brain metastasis, one case had 4R lymph node metastasis (stable condition after chemotherapy), and one case survived without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS For patients with central NSCLC with extensive tumor invasion, thus inability to tolerate sleeve resection or pneumonectomy, autologous lung transplantation can preserve lung function to the greatest extent with a complete tumor resection and improve postoperative quality of life.

Objective:To evaluate primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma surgeries in combination with involved bowel resection .Methods:Clinical data of primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma patients admitted for surgery at Peking University International Hospital from Jan 2015 to July 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.Results:Twenty-four patients undergoing resectional surgeries combining with bowel resection were included for the study, of which 6 cases underwent right hemicolectomy, 8 did left hemicolectomy, 6 did sigmoidectomy, 2 did proctectomy and 8 did small bowel resection. The post operative morbidity was 38%. 2 of 24 had anastomotic fistula. There was no mortality. Final pathology disclosed well differentiated liposarcoma in 13 and dedifferentiated liposarcoma in 11 cases. 18 cases were confirmed with bowel infiltration pathologically. All patients were followed up after the surgery. After a median of 25 months following up, 8 cases developed recurrences and 3 deceased. Two-year overall survival and progression free survival probability were 91% and 71% respectively. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma as a pathological type was found as the only risk factor associated to poor progression free survival ( Z=2.02, P=0.042). Conclusion:Combining resection of primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma with involved bowel was relatively safe, with low morbidity, increasing tumor clearance. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma is associated wth poor prognosis.

Objective    To explore the practical feasibility of the weaving technique for pectus carinatum. Methods    From January 2011 to December 2018, a total of 51 patients with pectus carinatum, including 47 males and 4 females at age of 9-29 (13.7±2.9) years, were applied with minimally invasive waving technique for the correction. The steel plate was inserted through the subcutaneous layer, intercostal space and over the sternal surface under direct thoracoscopic vision. The number of implanted steel plates was determined by the degree of chest wall deformity. The steel plate was removed 2 years after surgery. Results    All the operations were successfully completed, the average operation time was 63.9±15.8 min, the amount of bleeding was 19.8±8.8 mL, and the duration of postoperative hospitalization was 4.6±1.6 d. The adverse events included intercostal artery injury (n=2), pneumothorax (n=4), pleural effusion (n=3) and skin rupture (n=1). And there were 29 patients of moderate pain (numerical rating scale 4-6 points) on the first day after surgery, but no patient was asked to remove the steel palate due to intolerable discomfort. All patients were followed up after plate placement. Of the 51 patients, the plates were removed in 37 patients until 2 years after placement, and the duration of postoperative hospitalization was 1.4±0.5 d. After 33 (1-48) months of routine follow-up after the removal of the plate, 22 patients achieved excellent outcomes and 9 patients with good outcomes. Besides, there were 5 patients with fair outcome and 1 patient with poor outcome. No adverse effect was found in growth and development after the steel plate placement. Conclusion    Minimally invasive weaving technique is a safe, feasible, effective and individualized operation for pectus carinatum with substantial thoracic reconstruction.

Objective To analyze the effects of Hual qi huang granules on children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Methods A randomized,multicenter parallel controlled clinical trial was carried out.A total of 3 000 cases of hospitalized children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia were selected.All of them were given treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with macrolide antibiotics and symptomatic treatment.They were randomly divided into 2 groups:research group and control group.The children of research group were give oral Huai qi huang granules for three months.According to the classification of pneumonia,these two groups were divided into:lobar pneumonia research group,lobar pneumonia control group,lobular pneumonia research group,lobular pneumonia control group.The hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay,the absorption area of lung inflammation and pneumonia severity sores were observed.The frequency of upper respiratory infections,bronchitis,pneumonia were observed in 3 months after discharge.Results 2 378 cases were investigated.The hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay of research group were significantly shorter than that of in control group (P ＜ 0.001).The children with lobar pneumonia,2 weeks after treatment,the absorption of consolidation of the lobar pneumonia research group is significantly better than lobar pneumonia control group (P ＜0.001).After two weeks treatment,the pneumonia scores of lobar pneumonia research group is lower than lobar pneumonia control group (P ＜ 0.05).Followup of 3 months after hospital discharge,frequency of upper respiratory infection and bronchitis of research group,were significantly lower than that of control.In addition,appetite increased significantly in research group than control (P ＜ 0.001).There are 21 cases with drug associated adverse reactions (mild diarrhea),including 12 cases of research group,9 cases of control group,and there was no statistical significance (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Standard treatment combined with oral Huai qi huang granules in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,can significantly shorten hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay and reduce the severity score of pneumonia.Three months oral Huai qi huang granules can significant reduce the frequency of respiratory infections and bronchitis,also can increase patients appetite,and be safe.

Objective To investigate the role of the QQ group follow up of nursing education on patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy in patients after they discharged. Methods Thirty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma hospitalized from January to December 2013 in our department were set as control group and another 30 patients with NPC hospitalized from January to December 2014 in our department were assined to in the experiment group. Patients of two group received health education before discharge . The controls were followed up on phone and the experimental group received QQ group follow up of education for one year, besides phone follow-up. The two groups were compared in terms of incidence of adverse reactions one year after discharge. Results One year after discharge , the incidences of side effects in the experiment group were lowered than those in the control group , and the differences were siguificant difference ( all P < 0 . 05 ) . Conclusion The QQ group follow up of nursing education can reduce the incidence of adverse reactions by radiotherapy after discharge.

Roundworms of Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina are common gastrointestinal helminths of canids over the world. Humans are infected with T. canis larvae through ingestion of infective eggs in contaminated environments or larvae by consumption of raw or uncooked meat or livers. Recently, patients of clinically diagnosed toxocariasis are increasing and require correct diagnosis in Korea. The present study investigated serological cross-reactivity between crude antigens of T. canis (TCLA) and T. leonina (TLLA) larvae. We collected serum specimens from 177 toxocariasis patients who were clinically suspected in the Seoul National University Hospital and 115 healthy controls. An ELISA method for toxocariasis was used to evaluate diagnostic efficacy of TLLA for serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis. The IgG ELISA using TLLA gave 14 (14.3%) positives of 98 TCLA positive specimens among 177 suspected toxocariasis patients. Most of them showed high absorbances with TCLA. In conclusion, there is a partial cross reaction between serum specimens of toxocariasis and TLLA.
Animals ; Antibodies, Helminth/blood ; Antigens, Helminth/*immunology ; Cross Reactions ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Larva/immunology/metabolism ; Toxascaris/growth & development/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Toxocara canis/growth & development/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Toxocariasis/*diagnosis/parasitology

Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by larvae of ascarid nematodes of dogs or cats, Toxocara canis or T. cati. Diagnosis of human toxocariasis currently relies on serology that uses T. canis excretory-secretory antigen to detect specific IgG antibodies by ELISA. We investigated the serodiagnostic efficacy of ELISA using crude antigen of T. canis larvae (TCLA). Serum specimens of 64 clinically confirmed toxocariasis, 115 healthy controls, and 119 other tissue-invading helminthiases were screened by ELISA using TCLA. The ELISA using TCLA showed 92.2% (59/64 patient samples) sensitivity and 86.6% (103/119) specificity. Its positive diagnostic predictivity was 78.7% and negative predictivity was 97.8%. No serum of healthy controls reacted but that of anisakiasis (45.5%), gnathostomiasis (19.2%), clonorchiasis (15.8%), sparganosis (11.1%), and cysticercosis (6.3%) cross-reacted. Immunoblot analysis on TCLA recognized antigenic proteins of 28- and 30-kDa bands in their dominant protein quantity and strong blotting reactivity. The present results indicate that the ELISA using our TCLA antigen is acceptable by the sensitivity and specificity for serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis. ELISA with TCLA is recommended to make differential diagnosis for patients with any sign of organ infiltration and eosinophilia.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antigens, Helminth/chemistry/*diagnostic use/immunology/isolation & purification ; Cats ; Dogs ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Larva/chemistry/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Serologic Tests ; Toxocara canis/chemistry/*immunology ; Toxocariasis/*diagnosis/immunology/parasitology ; Young Adult