Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Chemical cleaning and disinfection are crucial steps for eliminating infection in root canal treatment.However,irrigant selection or irrigation procedures are far from clear.The vapor lock effect in the apical region has yet to be solved,impeding irrigation efficacy and resulting in residual infections and compromised treatment outcomes.Additionally,ambiguous clinical indications for root canal medication and non-standardized dressing protocols must be clarified.Inappropriate intracanal medication may present side effects and jeopardize the therapeutic outcomes.Indeed,clinicians have been aware of these concerns for years.Based on the current evidence of studies,this article reviews the properties of various irrigants and intracanal medicaments and elucidates their effectiveness and interactions.The evolution of different kinetic irrigation methods,their effects,limitations,the paradigm shift,current indications,and effective operational procedures regarding intracanal medication are also discussed.This expert consensus aims to establish the clinical operation guidelines for root canal irrigation and a position statement on intracanal medication,thus facilitating a better understanding of infection control,standardizing clinical practice,and ultimately improving the success of endodontic therapy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Tangbikang granules on oxidative stress of sciatic nerve in diabetic rats by regulating adenylate activated protein kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α/mitochondrial Sirtuins 3 （AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3） signaling pathway. MethodThe spontaneous obesity type 2 diabetes model was established using ZDF rats. After modeling， they were randomly divided into high， medium， and low dose Tangbikang granule groups （2.5， 1.25， 0.625 g·kg^-1·d^-1） and lipoic acid group （0.026 8 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and the normal group was set up. The rats were administered continuously for 12 weeks after modeling. The blood glucose of rats was detected before intervention and at 4， 8， 12 weeks after intervention. At the 12^th week， motor nerve conduction velocity （MNCV）， sensory nerve conduction velocity （SNCV）， nerve blood flow velocity， mechanical pain threshold， and thermal pain threshold were detected. The sciatic nerve was taken for hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining to observe the tissue morphology. The ultrastructure of the sciatic nerve was observed by transmission electron microscope. The expression levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in sciatic nerve were determined by enzyme-related immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA expressions of AMPKα， AMPKβ， PGC-1α， and SIRT3 in sciatic nerve were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the normal group， fasting blood glucose in the model group was increased at each time point （P<0.01）. The mechanical pain threshold was decreased （P<0.05）， and the incubation time of the hot plate was extended （P<0.01）. MNCV， SNCV， and nerve blood flow velocity decreased （P<0.05）. The expression level of SOD was decreased （P<0.01）. The expression levels of MDA， IL-1β， and TNF-α were increased （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression levels of AMPKα， AMPKβ， PGC-1α， and SIRT3 were decreased （P<0.01）. The structure of sciatic nerve fibers in the model group was loose， and the arrangement was disordered. The demyelination change was obvious. Compared with the model group， the fasting blood glucose of rats in the high dose Tangbikang granule group was decreased after the intervention of eight weeks and 12 weeks （P<0.01）. The mechanical pain threshold increased （P<0.05）. The incubation time of the hot plate was shortened （P<0.01）. MNCV， SNCV， and Flux increased （P<0.05）. The expression level of SOD was increased （P<0.01）. The expression levels of MDA， IL-1β， and TNF-α were decreased （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression levels of AMPKα， AMPKβ， PGC-1α， and SIRT3 were increased （P<0.01）. The sciatic nerve fibers in the high-dose Tangbikang granule group were tighter and more neatly arranged， with only a few demyelinating changes. The high， medium， and low dose Tangbikang granule groups showed a significant dose-effect trend. ConclusionTangbikang granules may improve sciatic nerve function in diabetic rats by regulating AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 signaling pathway partly to inhibit oxidative stress.

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of Tangbikang granules（TBK） on type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. MethodT2DM and NAFLD were induced in ZDF rats， which were then respectively treated （ig） with low-dose （0.625 g·kg^-1）， medium-dose （1.25 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose （2.5 g·kg^-1） TBK for 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose （FBG） and body mass were recorded every 4 weeks during the treatment. One week before sampling， the feed intake of rats was detected， and after 12 h night fasting， oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed. The area under the curve （AUC） was used to evaluate glucose tolerance， and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） was calculated. Blood in abdominal aorta and liver were collected for determination of blood glucose and lipid metabolism indexes： Fasting serum insulin （FINS）， serum total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， and nonesterified fatty acids （NEFA）. The liver was weighed to calculate the liver index， and the liver tissue morphology was observed and analyzed based on hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining. The protein levels of insulin receptor substrate （IRS）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （Akt） and phosphorylated IRS and Akt were detected by Western blotting. All data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0. ResultThe feed intake of the model group was higher than that in the normal group （P<0.01）， and the feed intake the administration groups was lower than that in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. At the 8^th and 12^th week， the body mass in the model group was lower than that in the normal group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， TBK reduced FBG in a concentration-dependent manner. The blood glucose level in OGTT and AUC in the model group were higher/larger than those in the normal group （P<0.01）. The blood glucose value in OGTT was decreased in TBK groups and the metformin group compared with that in the model group， and AUC in the administration groups was significantly different from that in the model group （P<0.01）. The serum level of FINS and HOMA-IR in the model group were higher than those in the normal group （P<0.01）， and they were lower in the TBK groups than in the model group （P<0.01）. Serum levels of TG， TC， HDL-C， NEFA （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and LDL-C were higher in the model group than in the normal group. Serum levels of TG， TC， LDL-C， and NEFA in the TBK groups were lower than those in the model group， and the levels of TG， LDL-C， and NEFA in TBK groups were concentration-dependent （lowest levels in high-dose TBK group）. Compared with the model group， high-dose TBK significantly increased the level of HDL-C （P<0.05）. Liver index of the model group was higher than that in the normal group （P<0.01）. The liver index of the administration groups showed a decreasing trend with no significant difference from that in the model group. As for the HE staining result of liver， the model group had unclear structure of liver lobule， enlarged cells of different sizes， and obvious steatosis of hepatocytes. TBK of all doses alleviated liver injury， particularly the high dose. For the PAS staining， compared with the normal group， the model group demonstrated significant fat vacuoles and significant reduction in purplish red glycogen granules in the cytoplasm. The staining results of high- and medium-dose groups of TBK were more similar to the normal group. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of liver tissue. The expression of PI3K protein， p-IRS1/IRS1， and p-Akt/Akt in the model group were lower than those in the normal group （P<0.01）， and they were higher in the high-dose TBK group than in the model group （P<0.01）. ConclusionTBK exerts therapeutic effect on T2DM combined with NAFLD in ZDF rats by activating the typical PI3K signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Tangbikang granules （TBK） against diabetic peripheral neuropathy （DPN） based on network pharmacology and in-vivo experiment. MethodThe active components in medicinals of TBK and their target genes were searched from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）. The active components of the medicinals which are not included in TCMSP were searched from previous research. After the analysis of drug-likeness by SwissADME， the target genes of them were predicted with SwissTargetPrediction. DPN-related target genes were retrieved from GeneCards. The common targets of the disease and the prescription were the hub genes of TBK against DPN， which were uploaded to Metascape for Gene Ontology （GO） term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis. High-sugar and high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin （STZ， ip） were employed to induce diabetes in rats， and then the model rats were respectively treated with low-dose （0.625 g·kg^-1）， medium-dose （1.25 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose （2.5 g·kg^-1） TBK for 12 weeks. Sensory nerve conduction velocity （SNCV） was evaluated. After hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining， the sciatic nerve was observed under light microscope to examine the nerve damage. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the gene expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK） pathway-related targets in rat sciatic nerve， and Western blot to measure the protein expression of AMPK and phosphorylated （p）-AMPK in rat sciatic nerve. ResultThe main active components of TBK， such as quercetin， kaempferol， β-sitosterol， leech pteridine A， stigmasterol， and baicalein were screened out， mainly acting on interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， protein kinase B （Akt）， JUN， and HSP90AA1 and signaling pathways such as AMPK， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT）. Molecular docking results showed that β-sitosterol and stigmasterol had high binding affinity with IL-6， TNF， JUN， and HSP90AA1. As for the animal experiment， compared with the normal group， model group had low SNCV of sciatic nerve （P<0.01）， disordered and loose myelinated nerve fibers with axonotmesis and demyelinization， low mRNA expression of AMPKα， AMPKβ， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α （PGC-1α）， Sirtuin 3 （SirT3）， mitochondrial transcription factor A （TFAM）， and low p-AMPK/AMPK ratio in sciatic nerve （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， TBK of the three doses raised the SNCV （P<0.01）， restored nerve morphology and nerve compactness， and increased the mRNA expression of AMPKα， AMPKβ， PGC-1α， SirT3， and TFAM （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK in the high-dose and medium-dose TBK groups was higher than that in the model group （P<0.01）， while the protein expression in the low-dose TBK group was insignificantly different from that in the model group. ConclusionTBK exerts therapeutic effect on DPN through multiple pathways and targets. The mechanism is that it activates and regulates AMPK/PGC-1α/SirT3 signaling， which lays a basis for further study of TBK in the treatment of DPN.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Tangbikang granules （TBK） on sciatic nerve inflammation in diabetic rats through modulation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/nuclear factor （NF）-κB pathway. MethodSD rats were fed with high-fat and high-sugar diet for 8 weeks and then treated with streptozotocin （STZ， ip） at 35 mg·kg^-1 for modeling. Then the rats were randomized into diabetes group， low-dose （0.625 g·kg^-1）， medium-dose （1.25 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose （2.5 g·kg^-1） TBK groups， and lipoic acid group （0.026 8 g·kg^-1） according to body weight and blood glucose level， and a normal group was designed. After modeling， administration began and lasted 12 weeks. The body mass， blood glucose level， and thermal withdrawal latency （TWL） of the rats were detected before treatment and at the 4^th， 8^th， and 12^th week of administration. At the 12^th week， the sciatic nerve was collected for hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Luxol fast blue （LFB） staining， and the structural changes of sciatic nerve were observed under scanning electron microscope. The levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in sciatic nerve were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the levels of AMPK， phosphorylated （p）-AMPK， and NF-κB proteins in the sciatic nerve were measured by Western blot. ResultThe blood glucose concentration and TWL in the model group were higher than those in the normal group at each time point （P<0.01）. The levels of IL-1β， TNF-α， and NF-κB protein in sciatic nerve in the model group were higher than those in the normal group （P<0.01）， and the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio was smaller than that in the normal group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， TBK of the three doses lowered the TWL （P<0.05， P<0.01） and the levels of IL-1β， TNF-α， and NF-κB protein in sciatic nerve of rats （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and high-dose and medium-dose TBK raised p-AMPK/AMPK （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The sciatic nerve fibers were orderly and compact with alleviation of demyelination in rats treated with TBK compared with those in the model group. ConclusionTBK improves the function of sciatic nerve and alleviates neuroinflammation in diabetic rats. The mechanism is the likelihood that it up-regulates the expression of AMPK in the AMPK/NF-κB pathway and inhibits the expression of downstream NF-κB， thereby alleviating the neuroinflammation caused by high levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and TNF-α due to NF-κB activation.

Objective:To understand the sleep quality and mental health status of nurses in public health emergencies, and analyze the correlation between them.Methods:A total of 128 first-line nursing staff participating in public health emergencies on February 22-23, 2020 in Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital were investigated by the general data questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90).Results:70.3%(90/128) of nursing staff had poor sleep quality, and the total score of PSQI was (9.71±4.01) points, which was statistically significant compared with the domestic norm ( t value was 16.479, P<0.01). The total score of SCL-90 was 1.59±0.52, which was statistically significant compared with the domestic norm ratio ( t value was 4.505, P<0.01). One-way ANOVA showed that the nursing staff's age had a significant impact on sleep quality, and the difference was statistically significant ( F value was 4.092, P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the Pittsburgh sleep quality scale index scores and symptom self-assessment scale and somatization, force, sensitive interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, hostile, terrorist, paranoia, and psychosis were positively correlated( r values were 0.292-0.444, P< 0.01). Conclusions:The sleep quality and mental health status of nurses in public health emergencies are poor, and the sleep quality is correlated with mental health status.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell strategy targeting CD19 (CART19) has prominent anti-tumor effect for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas. CART19-associated complications have been gradually recognized, however, late-onset complications have not been extensively studied. Herein, for the first time we report a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient with terminal ileum involvement obtained rapid remission and developed spontaneous terminal ileal perforation 38 days following CART19 infusion. The late-onset perforation reminds us that, for the safety of CART treatment, more cautions are warranted for the management of delayed GI complications.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Humans ; Ileum ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Receptors, Antigen* ; T-Lymphocytes*

Objective:To observe the effect of Chinese herbal fumigation combined with three-step tuina manipulation on concentration of endothelin (ET) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vertigo in patients with vertebral artery cervical spondylosis (VACS).
Methods:A total of 120 eligible cases were randomly allocated into an observation group and a control group, 60 in each group. Cases in the observation group were treated with Chinese herbal fumigation combined with three-step tuina manipulation, whereas cases in the control group were treated with oral Flunarizine Hydrochloride Capsules.
Results: After treatment, vertigo in both groups was alleviated; there were intra-group significant differences in ET decrease and CGRP increase (P<0.01, P<0.05);and there were also inter-group significant differences (both P<0.05).
Conclusion: Chinese herbal fumigation combined with three-step tuina manipulation can regulate the levels of ET and CGRP and improve vertigo in patients with VACS. Its therapeutic efficacy is superior to oral Flunarizine Hydrochloride Capsules.

Objective To measure the level of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) and serum testosterone level of patients with gouty arthritis (GA) and healthy controls (HC),and to explore the role of testosterone and AR in the pathogenesis of GA.Methods Chemilluminescence was used to detect the level of serum testosterone in GA [including 119 acute GA (AGA) and 60 nonacute GA (NAGA) patients] and 47 HC group.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)was used to measure AR mRNA in PBMCs from 41 GA and 35 HC.Western blotting was used to measure PBMCs AR in GA and HC for each 6 cases.One-way ANOVA,t test and Spearman's correlation were adopted for statistical analysis.Results Serum testosterone was significantly reduced in AGA and NAGA group compared to that in HC group [(6.1±1.5) ng/ml,P＜0.01,respectively],and the expression was lower in the AGA [(3.7±1.4) ng/ml] group [(4.9±2.0) ng/ml] than that in the NAGA group (P＜0.01).The level of AR mRNA and protein was much lower in the GA group than that in the HC group (P＜0.01,respectively).Negative correlations was detected between AR mRNA and uric acid in GA patients.There was negative correlation between serum testosterone and VLDL,GLU; meanwhile,positive correlation was found between serum testosterone and HDL (P＜0.05,respectively) in NAGA patients.There were no correlations between testosterone and other laboratory data.There was no correlation between AR and other laboratory data in GA patients and healthy controls (P＞0.05,respectively).Conclusion Altered expression of testosterone and its receptor may be involved in the pathogenesis of gouty inflammation.Further study will be needed to shed light on the exact role of androgen and AR in gout.