ObjectiveTo compare the effects of different formulations of Yinqiao Powder （银翘散， YP） on inflammation and immune function in a rat model of acute pharyngitis induced by ammonia water. MethodsA rat model of acute pharyngitis was established by spraying 15% ammonia water into the pharynx of male SD rats using a laryngeal atomizer twice daily （three sprays each time） for three consecutive days. Successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into 5 groups， including a model group （normal saline， 10 ml/kg）， YP decoction group （10.73 g/kg）， YP granule group （10.73 g/kg）， cydiodine group （0.39 mg/kg） and blank control group （normal saline， 10 ml/kg）， with 12 rats in each group. All groups received intragastric administration once daily for 10 consecutive days. After the final gavage administration， frequency of back arching per minute， frequency of vibrissae grooming per minute， and grooming episodes per five minutes were recorded in rats. The cumulative body weight change was calculated as the difference in body weight between day 10 and day 1 of gavage administration. Behavioral observations were performed using the open field test， and the total distance traveled was recorded. After sample collection， the lung index and thymus index were calculated. Histopathological changes in the pharyngeal and tracheal tissues were observed using HE staining. Serum inflammatory markers including eosinophil cationic protein （ECP）， angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 （ACE2）， and C-reactive protein （CRP）， as well as immune parameters including immunoglobulin M （IgM）， immunoglobulin A （IgA）， immunoglobulin G （IgG）， CD4， CD4/CD8 ratio， and CD8 were measured by ELISA. In addition， ELISA was used to determine the levels of inflammatory mediators in pharyngeal tissues， including phospholipase A2 （PLA2）， cyclooxygenase-1 （COX-1）， cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）， prostaglandin E2 （PGE2）， vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （VCAM-1）， C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 （CXCL1）， vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）. ResultsCompared to the blank control group， the model group exhibited significantly increased frequencies of back arching per minute， vibrissae grooming per minute， and grooming episodes per five minutes， and lung index， and decreased cumulative body weight change， thymus index， and total distance traveled， as well as elevated serum levels of ECP， ACE2， and CD8， reduced levels of IgM， IgA， IgG， CD4， and CD4/CD8 ratio， and increased levels of PLA， COX-1， COX-2， PGE2， VCAM-1， CXCL1， VEGF， and MMP-9 in pharyngeal tissues （P＜0.05）. Histopathological examination revealed keratinization of the superficial epithelial layer of the pharyngeal mucosa， accompanied by congestion and edema in the lamina propria and infiltration of inflammatory cells； in the tracheal mucosa， extensive inflammatory cell infiltration， ciliary disruption， and goblet cell damage were observed. Compared to the model group， except for CRP， IgG， and CD4， all above mentioned indicators were improved in the YP granule group， YP decoction group， and cydiodine group （P＜0.05）. Histopathological lesions in the pharyngeal and tracheal tissues were also alleviated. Compared to the YP decoction group， rats in the YP granule group exhibited decreased frequencies of back arching per minute， vibrissae grooming per minute， and grooming episodes per five minutes， as well as reduced serum ECP levels. Meanwhile， the cumulative body weight gain and serum levels of IgM， IgA， IgG， and CD4/CD8 increased， whereas CD8 levels decreased （P＜0.05）. ConclusionYP can effectively alleviate symptoms of acute pharyngitis in a rat model， improve inflammatory responses and immune-related indicators， demonstrating superior therapeutic effects in the dosage form of granule.

To determine the contents of oxypeucedanin, oxypeucedanin hydrate, byakangelicol and byak-angelicin both before and after Angelicae Dahuricae Radix was stewed with yellow rice wine by high-performance liquid chromatography, and study the mutual transformation mechanisms of oxypeucedanin into oxypeucedanin hydrate, as well as byakangelicol into byak-angelicin. The research results indicated that the contents of oxypeucedanin and byakangelicol were decreased, but the contents of oxypeucedanin hydrate and byak-angelicin were increased after Angelicae Dahuricae Radix was processed with yellow rice wine. The contents' changes of these chemical compounds were due to the ring opening reaction of epoxy compounds, such as oxypeucedanin and byakangelicol under the weak acidity and heating conditions of yellow rice wine. This research could provide a scientific basis for the processing mechanism of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix with yellow rice wine stewing.