ObjectiveTo understand the status of parasitic infection in the food sold on market in Qingpu District of Shanghai, and to provide an evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies for parasitic infection applicable to Qingpu District. MethodsAquatic products, meat products and other foodstuffs sold on online shops, at farm product markets, supermarkets/foodstores and restaurants were sampled in Qingpu District, Shanghai, during 2015‒2023, based on the administrative division of Qingpu District. The parasitic infection in the food samples were examined using pressing method and digestion for detecting metacercariae in freshwater products and pickled products, using dissection microscopy for Anisakis larvae in seawater products, Taenia cysticercus and Trichinella encysted larvae in meat products. ResultsA total of 1 079 samples of food products were examined during 2015‒2023, with a total parasite infection rate of 13.44%. The total parasite infection rate of freshwater fish products was 3.40% (16/471), and the difference of parasite infection rates between different freshwater fish species was statistically significant (χ²=229.609, P=0.001). The total infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis was 3.18% (15/471), which had been detected in Pseudorasbora parva, Cyprinidae rhodeus, and Carassius auratus, with a positive rate of 77.78% (7/9), 50.00% (5/10) and 3.90% (3/77), respectively. Metorchis orientalis was detected in in Pseudorasbora parva, with a positive rate of 33.33% (3/9). The positive rate of Gnathostoma spinigerum (third-stage larvae) was 0.81%. Paragonimus metacercariae were not detected in the freshwater shrimps and crabs. The infection rate of seawater fish products was 26.46%. The difference of parasite infection rate in seawater fishes was statistically significant (χ²=109.181, P=0.001). A total of 53 pork and beef samples were tested, none was detected with Trichinella larva cysts, Taenia solium metacercariae, and Taenia saginata metacercariae. The total infection rate of pickled yellow mud snail products was 58.11% (43/74). Paragonimus metacercariae was not detected in any of the pickled aquatic product samples. ConclusionThere are different degrees of parasitic infection in freshwater products, seawater products and pickled aquatic products in Qingpu District of Shanghai. The risk of parasite infection from raw or undercooked foods is high. Health education on healthy dietary practices such as throughly cooked food should be strengthened for local residents.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the tooth-supporting tissues, and it constitutes a major global public health concern. Methylation modifications, including DNA methylation, histone methylation, and RNA m6A modification, represent reversible processes coordinately regulated by methyltransferases, demethylases, and binding proteins. In periodontitis, aberrant methylation modifications suppress Toll-like receptor 2 expression, leading to oral microbial dysbiosis. These modifications further disrupt normal immune regulatory functions through C-C motif chemokine ligands, Fc-γ receptor-mediated phagocytosis, and NF-κB signaling pathways, resulting in localized immune-inflammatory imbalance in periodontal tissues. In addition, various methylation modifications regulate the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteoblast-specific transcription factor Osterix (OSX), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), thereby interfering with osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, disrupting bone homeostasis, and ultimately driving alveolar bone resorption. Methylation-related biomarkers demonstrate promising potential for periodontitis screening and prognostic evaluation. While numerous abnormally methylated sites have been identified in periodontitis, the precise signaling pathways and comprehensive epigenetic regulatory networks remain to be fully elucidated. This review systematically summarizes the functional roles of DNA methylation modifications in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and explores their potential value in etiological studies, diagnostic biomarker discovery, and targeted therapeutic interventions, with the aim of providing novel perspectives for periodontitis prevention and treatment strategies.

OBJECTIVE To provide empirical basis for promoting the dynamic adjustment of the pharmaceutical care catalogue and the formulation of policies such as hierarchical payment of medical insurance. METHODS A multicenter cross- sectional survey method was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey among 424 inpatients in 22 tertiary medical institutions in 12 prefecture-level cities of Hubei Province to evaluate their demand for pharmaceutical care， willingness to pay and preference for service forms. Combined with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis， the influencing factors and key factors that affect patients’ willingness to pay for pharmaceutical care were identified. RESULTS Only 39.86% of the patients were aware of pharmaceutical care or pharmacists， and 89.62% of the patients hope to receive pharmaceutical care. Among the 16 types of pharmaceutical care， the patients surveyed had a relatively high recognition rate for guidance on drug usage and dosage， notification of medication precautions， and the identification， prevention and handling of adverse drug reactions. 96.70%， 95.30%， and 94.12% respectively expressed strong approval and approval. The demand for services such as insurance-related policy consultation， popular science on the mechanism of drug action， and assessment of the combined use of traditional Chinese and Western medicines was relatively low， with 61.65%， 68.47%， and 68.47% expressing strong approval and approval respectively. The positive influencing factors of willingness to pay were household monthly income ＞ 5 000 yuan （OR＝1.742）， awareness of pharmaceutical care or pharmacists （OR＝3.620）， and the desire to receive pharmaceutical care （OR＝4.686） （P＜0.05）， while self-rating health as “good” （OR＝0.390） was a negative influencing factor （P＜0.05）. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases （54.48%） and antihypertensive drugs （45.05%） were the service scenarios that the surveyed patients most hope to be covered. 85.14% of the patients preferred “service when xiaochnye@126.com needed”， with a single service duration of less than 10 minutes being appropriate （84.43%）， and the willingness to pay within 20 yuan being the main type （85.38%）. CONCLUSIONS Based on the characteristics of patients’ needs and payment behaviors， it is suggested that our country could consider establishing a hierarchical payment mechanism for pharmaceutical care， and focus on differentiated design in combination with diseases and medication situations. At the same time， the rights， responsibilities and service standards of resident pharmacists in the links such as medication reorganization and medical order review should be further clarified to comprehensively enhance the clinical value and policy operability of pharmaceutical care.

Cuproptosis, a recently discovered form of regulated cell death involving copper ion metabolism, has emerged as a promising approach for tumor therapy. This pathway not only directly eliminates tumor cells but also promotes immunogenic cell death (ICD), reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) and initiating robust anti-tumor immune responses. However, translating cuproptosis-based therapies into clinical applications is hindered by challenges, including complex metabolic regulation, TME heterogeneity, and the precision required for effective drug delivery. To address these limitations, nanoparticles offer transformative solutions by providing precise delivery of cuproptosis-inducing agents, controlled drug release, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy through simultaneous modulation of metabolic pathways and immune responses. This review systematically discusses recent advancements in nanoparticle-based cuproptosis delivery systems, highlighting nanoparticle design principles and their synergistic effects when integrated with other therapeutic modalities such as ICB, PTT, and CDT. Furthermore, we explore the potential of cuproptosis-based nanomedicine for personalized cancer treatment by emphasizing strategies for TME stratification and therapeutic optimization tailored to patient profiles. By integrating current insights from metabolic reprogramming, tumor immunotherapy, and nanotechnology, this review aims to facilitate the clinical translation of cuproptosis nanomedicine and significantly contribute to the advancement of precision oncology.

Traditional development of small protein scaffolds has relied on display technologies and mutation-based engineering, which limit sequence and functional diversity, thereby constraining their therapeutic and application potential. Protein design tools have significantly advanced the creation of novel protein sequences, structures, and functions. However, further improvements in design strategies are still needed to more efficiently optimize the functional performance of protein-based drugs and enhance their druggability. Here, we extended an evolution-based design protocol to create a novel minibinder, BindHer, against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). It not only exhibits super stability and binding selectivity but also demonstrates remarkable properties in tissue specificity. Radiolabeling experiments with ^99mTc, ⁶⁸Ga, and ¹⁸F revealed that BindHer efficiently targets tumors in HER2-positive breast cancer mouse models, with minimal nonspecific liver absorption, outperforming scaffolds designed through traditional engineering. These findings highlight a new rational approach to automated protein design, offering significant potential for large-scale applications in therapeutic mini-protein development.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represents a persistent autoimmune condition distinguished by a multifaceted etiology that encompasses both genetic and environmental factors. Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms behind RA pathogenesis has delved into the critical role of epigenetic regulatory processes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and the regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs). These findings provide new insights into the intricate nature of RA and pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies. This review consolidates the latest developments in the epigenetic regulation of RA, concentrating on how these mechanisms affect the dysregulated signaling pathways associated with the disease. We analyze the roles of specific proteins that function as 'writers', 'erasers', and 'readers' in epigenetic modifications, highlighting their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention. Additionally, in view of the significance of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of RA, we deliberate on their involvement in disease progression and explore miRNA-based treatment strategies. By integrating these diverse epigenetic dimensions, this review offers a comprehensive epigenetic perspective on RA pathogenesis and identifies promising avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions.

Objective To explore the analysis of the relationship of the serum levels of focal adhe-sion kinase(FAK)and fatty acid-binding protein 4(FABP4)with myocardial injury and cardiac function in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods A total of 211 AMI patients admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to April 2023 were enrolled and assigned into the AMI group,while another 60 healthy volunteers who took routine physical examinations in our hospital during the same period served as the control group.The serum FAK and FABP4 lev-els were compared between the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify influencing factors associated with AMI,and ROC curve was plotted to assess the pre-dictive efficacy of the serum FAK and FABP4 levels for AMI in the elderly population.Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between serum FAK and FABP4 levels and myocardial injury as well as cardiac function.Results The AMI group exhibited signifi-cantly elevated serum FAK,FABP4,CK-MB,cTnⅠ and CK levels,and larger LVESD and LVEDD,but lower LVEF when compared with the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).For the AMI patients,the serum FAK and FABP4 levels were positively correlated with CK-MB,cTnⅠ and CK levels,as well as LVESD and LVEDD,and negatively with LVEF(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that both serum levels of FAK(OR=2.872,95％CI:2.230-3.698,P=0.000)and FABP4(OR=2.667,95％CI:1.713-4.154,P=0.000)were influencing factors for AMI.ROC analysis indicated that the cut-off value of FAK level for diagnosing AMI was 25.60 pg/L,with an AUC value of 0.801(95％CI:0.750-0.852).Similarly,the cut-off value of FABP4 in the diagnosis was 23.22 pg/L,with an AUC value of 0.760(95％CI:0.707-0.812).Combined FAK and FABP4 levels yielded,with an AUC value of 0.899(95％CI:0.839-0.918).Conclusion Serum FAK and FABP4 levels are abnormally high in the elderly patients with AMI,which is closely related to myocardial injury and cardiac function.The two indicators alone or in combination can effectively predict the occurrence of AMI.

Objective:To investigate the association between plasma anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH) levels and ischemic stroke.Methods:In this case-control study, 93 ischemic stroke patients were randomly selected as the case group from a study on the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, which was conducted in 2018-2019 in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, while 372 nonischemic stroke patients were selected as the control group according to the principle of 1∶4 matching.An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure plasma AMH levels.The conditional logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline were used to analyze the relationship between AMH levels and ischemic stroke.Results:A total of 465 subjects with an average age of (68.7±7.4)years were included in this study, of whom 215(46.2%)were men and 250(53.8%)were women.According to our conditional Logistic regression analysis, the risk of ischemic stroke was reduced by 44% for every unit increase in the log-AMH level( OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.37-0.85)in the overall population after multivariate adjustment.Compared with the tertile with the lowest AMH level, the risk of ischemic stroke in the tertile with the highest AMH level decreased significantly( OR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.19-0.69). When subgrouped by sex, the tertiles with the highest AMH levels were associated with a 66% lower risk of ischemic stroke in men( OR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.88)and a 64% lower risk of ischemic stroke in women( OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.87), compared with the tertiles with the lowest AMH levels.The results of restricted cubic spline analysis showed that there was a linear dose-response relationship between plasma AMH levels and ischemic stroke both in the general population and in male or female population( Pvalues for linear trends were 0.0002, 0.008 and 0.007, respectively). Conclusions:Higher plasma AMH levels decrease the risk of ischemic stroke with a dose-response pattern.

ObjectiveTo investigate the regulatory effect of Changju Zhidong prescription on gut microbiota structure of children with tic disorder（TD）. MethodTwenty-four children with TD who visited the pediatric outpatient clinic of Dongzhimen Hospital of Bejjing University of Chinese Medicine from November 2020 to January 2022 were selected as the observation group， and eight healthy children were selected as the normal group. The observation group was treated with Changju Zhidong prescription for 12 weeks， and the clinical efficacy was observed by Yale global tic severity scale（YGTSS）， traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome score， and score of TCM symptom evaluation scale for pediatric gastrointestinal tract. Meanwhile， The fecal samples of the observation and normal groups were collected before and after treatment， and 16S rDNA sequencing was used to explore the effects of Changju Zhidong prescription on the distribution of gut microbiota of the children. ResultCompared with the pre-treatment， the YGTSS， TCM syndrome score， and score of TCM symptom evaluation scale for pediatric gastrointestinal tract of the observation group were significantly reduced after 12 weeks of treatment（P<0.05）， Simpson and Pieloue indices in alpha diversity were significantly reduced（P<0.05）. Before treatment， the relative abundance of Streptococcus parasanguini in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the normal group， while the relative abundances of Citrobacter， Lactobacillus， Lacticaseibacillus， Muribaculaceae unclassified， Odoribacter and 7 other bacterial groups were significantly lower than that in the normal group. Compared with the pre-treatment， the observation group showed a significant decrease in Ruminococcus torques group unclassified and Ruminococcus torques group， and a significant increase in Olsenella， Acetivibrio and 4 other bacterial groups. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways of Changju Zhidong prescription regulating gut microbiota were bacterial secretion system， insect hormone biosynthesis， limonene and pinene degradation， novobiocin biosynthesis， tropane piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis. ConclusionThe pathogenesis of children with TD is accompanied by intestinal flora disorders， and Changju Zhidong prescription can improve core and gastrointestinal symptoms， increase the abundance of beneficial and decrease the abundance of harmful gut microbiota in children with TD， and its mechanism may be through the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides.

The complex pathophysiological mechanisms between diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases have not yet been fully elucidated， becoming one of the challenges in clinical care. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist （GLP1-RA） and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors （SGLT2） are clinically used to reduce the cardiovascular risk of patients with diabetes mellitus. Traditional Chinese medicine has diverse biological activities and unique advantages in the treatment of chronic complex diseases due to its multi-component and multi-target effects. Based on recent reports， this paper reviewed the common risk factors of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases （e.g.， hyperglycemia， insulin resistance， and inflammation）， related targets such as apolipoprotein C-Ⅲ （APOC3）， S100 calcium-binding protein A8/A9 （S100A8/A9）， growth/differentiation factor-15 （GDF-15）， and NACHT， LRR， and PYD domains-containing protein 3 （NLRP3）， advanced glycation end products， insulin resistance， endothelial dysfunction， endoplasmic reticulum stress， mitochondrial dysfunction， and intestinal flora disorder. In addition， this paper summarized the research progress in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in diabetes mellitus with the active ingredients （e.g.， baicalein， puerarin， curcumin， notoginsenoside， and tanshinone Ⅱ_A）， single herbal medicines （e.g.， Astragali Radix， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Sophorae Flavescentis Radix， Cinnamomi Cortex， and Corni Fructus）， and compound formulas （e.g.， Buzang Tongluo Fang， Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue Fang， Shenqi Fang， Huangqisan， Danggui Buxue Tang， and Liuwei Dihuang Wan） of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine mainly treats cardiovascular diseases in diabetes mellitus by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress， ameliorating dyslipidemia and insulin resistance， protecting islet β cell function， repairing endothelial damage， inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation， foam cell formation， macrophage polarization， and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis， and regulating intestinal flora disorder. These processes involve insulin receptor substrate/ phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （IRS/PI3K/Akt）， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/γ （PPAR α/γ）， nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB）， adenosine 5′-monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， hypoxia-inducible factor-1-BCH domain-containing protein （HIF-1-BNIP）， vascular endothelial growth factor/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （VEGF/HIF-1α） and other signaling pathways. This review is expected to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in diabetes mellitus with traditional Chinese medicine.