ObjectiveTo establish fingerprint profiles and a quantitative determination method for Lycii Cortex， providing a scientific basis for the formulation of quality standards for Lycii Cortex and its roasted products. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was developed for the quantitative method for determining kukoamine B in Lycii Cortex and its roasted products on an Alphasil XD-C₁₈ CH column（4.6 mm×250 mm， 5 μm）. HPLC fingerprint profiles were established for 10 batches of Lycii Cortex and its roasted products， and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） was used to identify the common peaks based on reference standards， literature and MS information. Quality evaluation indicators included yield of decoction pieces， appearance properties， content of kukoamine B， and fingerprint profiles. The temperature and time of the roasting process were investigated to select the optimal preparation process， which was then verified. Additionally， chemical pattern recognition was combined to assess the differences in the chemical composition of Lycii Cortex before and after roasting， as well as among samples from different origins. ResultsQuantitative analysis indicated that the contents of kukoamine B in Lycii Cortex and its roasted products were 0.35%-5.51% and 0.24%-4.15%， respectively. The transfer rate of kukoamine B was 58.6%-78.9% after roasting. The fingerprint profile analysis demonstrated that the method established in this study effectively separated kukoamine B from other components in the samples and distinctly differentiated it from its impurity peak， cis-N-caffeoylputrescine. The HPLC fingerprint profiles of Lycii Cortex and its roasted products showed high similarity（all above 0.95）， with 7 common peaks identified and five common components， including kukoamine B， cis-N-caffeoylputrescine， N-coumaroyl tyramine， feruloyltyramine， and glucosyringic acid， confirmed. Process optimization confirmed that baking at 110 ℃ for 20 min was a stable and feasible method for roasting Lycii Cortex. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that there was little difference in the chemical composition between raw and roasted Lycii Cortex， but the quality of Lycii Cortex from different origins differed greatly. ConclusionThis study successfully established the fingerprint profiles and a quantitative method for the effective component kukoamine B in Lycii Cortex and roasted Lycii Cortex. The qualitative and quantitative analyses clarified that the impact of the roasting process on the chemical composition of Lycii Cortex was less significant than the variations due to its geographical origin. The findings of this study offer a reference for the development of quality evaluation methods and the establishment of quality standards for Lycii Cortex and its processed products.

Objective To evaluate the transition rules of normal body mass index(BMI),overweight and metabolic syndrome(MetS)in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods Patients with MDD who had multiple admission records between Jan 2016 and Nov 2021 in Beijing Anding Hospital,Capital Medical University were included.Based on the overweight and metabolic syndrome status assessed at each admission,the patients were categorized into three states:normal BMI,overweight and metabolic syndrome.A multi-state Markov model was used to analyze the transition intensity and transition frequency between three states and the influence of covariates on transitions.Results A total of 892 records of 398 subjects were included,with a median age of 56 years old and 31.4% males.The median follow-up period was 40 months.The multi-state model showed that there were 494 transitions between the three states,of which 5.1% moved from normal BMI to overweight and 5.5% moved from overweight to MetS.The intensity of transition was the highest from overweight to MetS,9.52 times greater than overweight to normal BMI.After 48.53 months,MDD patients with normal BMI began to transition to MetS.For overweight MDD patients,the transition to MetS started after 8.77 months.MDD patients with normal BMI or overweight had 31.4% and 50.4% probabilities of developing Mets after 36 months.For MDD patients comorbid with MetS,the probability of staying at MetS was 51.2% after 36 months.Multivariate analysis showed that being unmarried was a risk factor against developing overweight in normal BMI MDD patients,while a higher level of education was a protective factor against developing MetS in overweight MDD patients.Conclusion MDD patients exhibited a higher intensity and risk of developing MetS,and it is not easy to reverse MetS,suggesting that BMI management and MetS intervention should be strengthened in MDD patients.

Objective To evaluate the transition rules of normal body mass index(BMI),overweight and metabolic syndrome(MetS)in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods Patients with MDD who had multiple admission records between Jan 2016 and Nov 2021 in Beijing Anding Hospital,Capital Medical University were included.Based on the overweight and metabolic syndrome status assessed at each admission,the patients were categorized into three states:normal BMI,overweight and metabolic syndrome.A multi-state Markov model was used to analyze the transition intensity and transition frequency between three states and the influence of covariates on transitions.Results A total of 892 records of 398 subjects were included,with a median age of 56 years old and 31.4% males.The median follow-up period was 40 months.The multi-state model showed that there were 494 transitions between the three states,of which 5.1% moved from normal BMI to overweight and 5.5% moved from overweight to MetS.The intensity of transition was the highest from overweight to MetS,9.52 times greater than overweight to normal BMI.After 48.53 months,MDD patients with normal BMI began to transition to MetS.For overweight MDD patients,the transition to MetS started after 8.77 months.MDD patients with normal BMI or overweight had 31.4% and 50.4% probabilities of developing Mets after 36 months.For MDD patients comorbid with MetS,the probability of staying at MetS was 51.2% after 36 months.Multivariate analysis showed that being unmarried was a risk factor against developing overweight in normal BMI MDD patients,while a higher level of education was a protective factor against developing MetS in overweight MDD patients.Conclusion MDD patients exhibited a higher intensity and risk of developing MetS,and it is not easy to reverse MetS,suggesting that BMI management and MetS intervention should be strengthened in MDD patients.

Objective To investigate the dietary patterns of rural residents in the high-incidence areas of esophageal cancer (EC), and to explore the clustering and influencing factors of risk factors associated with high-incidence characteristics. Methods A special structured questionnaire was applied to conduct a face-to-face survey on the dietary patterns of rural residents in Yanting county of Sichuan Province from July to August 2021. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of risk factor clustering for EC. Results There were 838 valid questionnaires in this study. A total of 90.8% of rural residents used clean water such as tap water. In the past one year, the people who ate fruits and vegetables, soybean products, onions and garlic in high frequency accounted for 69.5%, 32.8% and 74.5%, respectively; the people who ate kimchi, pickled vegetables, sauerkraut, barbecue, hot food and mildew food in low frequency accounted for 59.2%, 79.6%, 68.2%, 90.3%, 80.9% and 90.3%, respectively. The clustering of risk factors for EC was found in 73.3% of residents, and the aggregation of two risk factors was the most common mode (28.2%), among which tumor history and preserved food was the main clustering pattern (4.6%). The logistic regression model revealed that the gender, age, marital status and occupation were independent influencing factors for the risk factors clustering of EC (P<0.05). Conclusion A majority of rural residents in high-incidence areas of EC in Yanting county have good eating habits, but the clustering of some risk factors is still at a high level. Gender, age, marital status, and occupation are influencing factors of the risk factors clustering of EC.

Ruxolitinib， a small molecule inhibitor， selectively targets Janus kinase （JAK） by competitively binding to adenosine triphosphate on the catalytic site of the JAK1 and JAK2 domain， thereby inhibiting JAK activation and signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） phosphorylation and prevents the expressions of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Oral ruxolitinib has demonstrated promising efficacy for myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera. The topical Ruxolitinib cream， approved by the US FDA as the first non-segmental vitiligo home treatment drug， is set to be launched in domestic medical pioneer areas in August 2023 and is expected to bring about a breakthrough in the treatment of vitiligo. Clinical cases have also shown that Ruxolitinib cream has significant curative effects on atopic dermatitis， alopecia areata， and other conditions， indicating great application prospects.

Objective To explore the effect of high-intensity ultrasound focused ablation in the treatment of ⅡB cesarean scar Pregnancy.Methods A total of 365 patients in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 which were ⅡB Cesarean Scar Pregnancy were selected as the research objects.The research objects were divided into the experimental group pretreated by high-intensity ultrasound ablation(186 cases)and the control group without treatment(179 cases)to compare the levels of intraoperative blood loss,postoperative vaginal bleeding time,human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG)decline rate after the operation,success rate of operation and other indicators.Results The amount of intraoperative blood loss and postoperative vaginal bleeding time in the experimental group were less than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the decrease rate of blood HCG in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).There was significant difference in the success rate of operation between the experimental group and the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in menstrual volume between the experimental group and the control group(P>0.05),but the control group had prolonged menstruation,and the incidence of postoperative complications between the experimental group and the control group have no statistical significance.Conclusion High-intensity focused ultrasound ablation can effectively reduce intraoperative blood loss in patients of type ⅡB cesarean scar pregnancy,reduce the application of invasive methods such as laparoscopy,can be promoted as a pretreatment method for type ⅡB cesarean scar pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the effects of combined exercise training on exercise ability and inflammatory factors in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)complicated with sarcopenia.Methods Sixty elderly patients with COPD complicated with sarcopenia who were treated in Hangzhou Third People's Hospital from July 2022 to May 2023 were selected as study objects,and were divided into control group and treatment group according to random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The control group received routine treatment of COPD,while the treatment group received combined exercise training on the basis of routine treatment for 12 weeks.The appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI),grip strength,walking speed,6 min walking distance(6MWD),COPD assessment test(CAT),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)/forced vital capacity(FVC)、serum interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were compared.The correlation between serum IL-6、TNF-α and ASMI,grip strength、walking speed were analyzed.Results After treatment,6MWD in both groups was significantly longer than before treatment,and CAT score was significantly lower than before treatment(P＜0.05).The ASMI,grip strength and walking speed of patients in treatment group were significantly higher than before treatment,and the serum IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly lower than before treatment(P＜0.05).The ASMI,grip strength and walking speed of treatment group were significantly higher than those of control group,6MWD was significantly longer than that of control group,CAT score,serum IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly lower than those of control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in FEV1/FVC between two groups before and after treatment(P＞0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum IL-6、TNF-α were negatively correlated with ASMI、grip strength and walking speed.Conclusion Combined exercise training can improve muscle mass and strength,improve exercise ability and clinical symptoms,and inhibit inflammatory response in elderly patients with COPD complicated with sarcopenia.

Objective:To observe any effect of fast walking on walking speed, 6-minute walking test (6MWT) time, and on serum levels of growth differentiation factor-8 (GDF-8) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in patients with sarcopenia.Methods:A total of 61 sarcopenia patients were randomly divided into an observation group ( n=31) and a control group ( n=30). Both groups were given conventional drug therapy. In addition, the observation group underwent 30-minutes of walking at 100-120 steps/min (about 60% of maximum heart rate) three times a week for 12 weeks. The control group also walked, but at 70-90 steps/min (less than 50% of maximum heart rate). Grip strength, walking speed, 6MWT time, skeletal muscle index (ASMI) and serum GDF-8 and IGF-1 were compared before and after the intervention. Results:There were no significant differences in grip strength or ASMI between observation group and control group (comparing males with males and females with females) before the experiment. Afterward, grip strength and ASMI in the observation group had increased significantly on average. Both were then significantly higher than the control groups′ averages, which had not changed significantly. Average walking speed, 6MWT time and serum IGF-1 levels had improved significantly in both groups, but the observation group′s average improvement was significantly greater. A significant decrease the average serum GDF-8 level was observed in the observation group, but not in the control group.Conclusion:Fast walking can improve the walking of persons with sarcopenia, raise serum IGF-1 levels, and significantly reduce serum GDF-8.

Objective:To investigate the correlation of serum testosterone level with severity and characteristics of coronary plaque, stent implantation rate and major cardiovascular adverse events(MACE)in elderly male patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods:In this retrospective study, a total of 63 elderly male patients of the Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou with coronary angiography(CAG)-confirmed CHD and to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)were selected.According to serum testosterone level, they were divided into the low testosterone(low T)group and the normal testosterone(normal T)group.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was performed in both groups to define the characteristics of coronary artery lesions and guide stent implantation.The correlation of serum testosterone level with blood lipids, glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c), degree of coronary artery lesions, plaque characteristics, stent implantation and MACE in two groups were analyzed.The in-stent restenosis rate after stent implantation and the variation of minimum lumen diameter of stent were determined during 12 months follow up in both groups.Results:Total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C)and HbA1c were higher in the low T group than in the normal T group( t=7.808、-5.871、6.611, all P<0.05). When taking testosterone as the independent variable, and TC, triglycerides(TG), LDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and HbA1c as the dependent variables, linear regression analysis showed that TC, LDL-C and HbA1c were negatively correlated with testosterone level( β=-0.733, -0.716, -0.581, P<0.05). More than 2 vascular lesions were more common in low testosterone group versus the control group( χ2=8.66, P<0.05). Mixed plaques, lipid plaques, and calcified plaques were more commonly found in low testosterone group versus the control group( χ2=7.87, P<0.05). Unstable plaques were more common in the low T group( χ2=6.14, P<0.05). The low T group vs the normal T group, coronary stent implantation rate were 93.3%(28/30 cases) vs.66.7%(22/33 cases), the difference was statistically significant( χ2=6.82, P<0.05). When testosterone, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, HbA1c were taken as the independent variables, and the stent implantation rate was the dependent variable, logistic regression analysis results showed that only testosterone, TC and HbA1c were independently correlated with stent implantation rate( OR=0.971、425.523、0.004, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in minimum stent lumen diameters between the two groups under OCT-guided coronary stent implantation( t=-1.064, P>0.05). During 12 months follow up, the MACE0 incidence was 26.7%(8/30 cases, in low T group)than 6.1%(2/33 cases, in normal T group), with statistically significant difference( χ2=5.00, P<0.05). When taking testosterone, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C and HbA1c as the independent variables, and MACE as the dependent variable, logistic regression analysis results showed that only testosterone and LDL-C were independently correlated with MACE( OR=0.968, 0.008, P<0.05). Conclusions:Serum testosterone level is negatively correlated with TC, LDL-C and HbA1c, and may be correlated with the degree of coronary artery lesions, plaque properties, MACE and stent implantation rate of CHD patients.Serum testosterone can be used to evaluate the characteristics and conditions of CHD, and help to predict the prognosis of CHD.The OCT is a good guide tool for coronary stent implantation.

Objective:To identify the key genes for neuropathic pain in rats.Methods:The genomic data of spinal cord tissues of rats (GSE18803) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Database at the American Center for Biotechnology Information to identify differentially expressed genes associated with neuropathic pain, and key genes were obtained by further analysis of the protein-protein interaction networks.Single-cell localization and expression of the key genes were analyzed by the Tabula Muris database.Results:The protein-protein interaction networks identified 10 hub genes, including Tyrobp, Clec4a3, C1qc, Ptprc, Laptm5, Csf1r, C1qa, C1qb, Fcgr3a, Cd53. Cd53, Laptm5 and Ptprc were mainly expressed in macrophages, B cells, NK cells, monocytes and granulocytes. Clec4a3 and Csf1r were mainly expressed in monocytes, Fcgr3a in monocytes and granulocytes, and Tyrobp in macrophages, monocytes, granulocytes, and pluripotent progenitor cells. Conclusions:Ten target genes associated with neuropathic pain are identified using bioinformatics, and their distribution and expression in immune inflammatory cells are obtained through comprehensive analysis.