BACKGROUND:Bone remodeling is the biological basis of orthodontic tooth movement.Type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to metabolic changes in the jaw and alveolar bone,so it is hypothesized that tooth mobility characteristics may be altered in a high-sugar environment.OBJECTIVE:To explore the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on orthodontic tooth movement in rats within one tooth movement cycle.METHODS:Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were selected.Forty rats were randomly chosen and fed with a high-fat diet to construct a type 2 diabetes mellitus model.Thirty-two rats that were successfully modeled were randomly divided into a type 2 diabetes mellitus group(n=16)and a diabetic orthodontic group(n=16).The remaining 32 rats were randomly divided into a control group(n=16)and an orthodontic group(n=16).The rats in the orthodontic group and the diabetic orthodontic group were equipped with nickel-titanium coil spring orthodontic force application devices to move the unilateral maxillary first molars mesially with a force of 50 g.The rats were anesthetized and sacrificed on the 3rd,7th,14th,and 21st days after orthodontic treatment,and Micro-CT was used to measure the mesial displacement of the first molars and detect the changes in the bone microstructure parameters on the tension side.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were significant differences in the tooth movement distances among the four groups of rats on the 3rd,7th,14th,and 21st days of orthodontic treatment(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in bone mineral density,bone volume fraction and trabecular bone separation on the tension side among the four groups on the 7th,14th,and 21st days of orthodontic treatment(P＜0.05).There were differences in the trabecular thickness among the four groups on the 3rd and 14th days of orthodontic treatment(P＜0.05).The diabetic orthodontic group had the smallest tension-side alveolar bone mineral density,bone volume fraction,and trabecular thickness,and the largest tooth movement distance and trabecular separation on the 21st day of orthodontic treatment.The above results indicate that type 2 diabetes mellitus adversely affects bone microstructural parameters on the tension side in orthodontic tooth movement in rats,suggesting the occurrence of an osteoporotic state.

BACKGROUND:Bone remodeling is the biological basis of orthodontic tooth movement.Type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to metabolic changes in the jaw and alveolar bone,so it is hypothesized that tooth mobility characteristics may be altered in a high-sugar environment.OBJECTIVE:To explore the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on orthodontic tooth movement in rats within one tooth movement cycle.METHODS:Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were selected.Forty rats were randomly chosen and fed with a high-fat diet to construct a type 2 diabetes mellitus model.Thirty-two rats that were successfully modeled were randomly divided into a type 2 diabetes mellitus group(n=16)and a diabetic orthodontic group(n=16).The remaining 32 rats were randomly divided into a control group(n=16)and an orthodontic group(n=16).The rats in the orthodontic group and the diabetic orthodontic group were equipped with nickel-titanium coil spring orthodontic force application devices to move the unilateral maxillary first molars mesially with a force of 50 g.The rats were anesthetized and sacrificed on the 3rd,7th,14th,and 21st days after orthodontic treatment,and Micro-CT was used to measure the mesial displacement of the first molars and detect the changes in the bone microstructure parameters on the tension side.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were significant differences in the tooth movement distances among the four groups of rats on the 3rd,7th,14th,and 21st days of orthodontic treatment(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in bone mineral density,bone volume fraction and trabecular bone separation on the tension side among the four groups on the 7th,14th,and 21st days of orthodontic treatment(P＜0.05).There were differences in the trabecular thickness among the four groups on the 3rd and 14th days of orthodontic treatment(P＜0.05).The diabetic orthodontic group had the smallest tension-side alveolar bone mineral density,bone volume fraction,and trabecular thickness,and the largest tooth movement distance and trabecular separation on the 21st day of orthodontic treatment.The above results indicate that type 2 diabetes mellitus adversely affects bone microstructural parameters on the tension side in orthodontic tooth movement in rats,suggesting the occurrence of an osteoporotic state.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) visiting the Yuetan Community Health Service Center in Beijing.Methods:This cross-sectional study enrolled COPD patients who visited the center between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023, using convenience sampling. After pulmonary function tests, participants completed questionnaires covering demographic characteristics, GOLD classification, number of hospitalizations for acute exacerbations in the past year, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale score, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The status and influencing factors of anxiety and depression were analyzed with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression.Results:A total of 243 COPD patients were included, with 74.1% (180/243) being male and a mean age of 67±9 years. The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression were 17.3% (42/243) and 21.0% (51/243), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following independent factors associated with anxiety (all P<0.05): CAT score 31-40 ( OR=26.621, 95% CI: 4.451-159.209), mMRC score ≥2 ( OR=5.387, 95% CI: 1.589-18.209), GOLD grade ≥3 ( OR=3.227, 95% CI: 1.205-8.645), presence of ≥1 comorbidity ( OR=8.571, 95% CI: 1.132-64.920), being divorced/separated/widowed ( OR=3.125, 95% CI:1.369-7.136), and ≥1 hospitalization for acute exacerbation in the past year ( OR=3.523, 95% CI:1.422-8.726). Independent factors associated with depression (all P<0.05) were: CAT score ≥21 ( OR=3.326, 95% CI:1.038-10.653), mMRC score≥1 ( OR=7.468, 95% CI:1.706-32.697), GOLD grade ≥3 ( OR=3.160, 95% CI:1.225-8.148), presence of ≥1 comorbidity ( OR=5.624, 95% CI:1.295-24.422), smoking history ≥40 pack-years ( OR=2.689, 95% CI: 1.092-6.623), and ≥1 hospitalization for acute exacerbation in the past year ( OR=2.663, 95% CI:1.093-6.486). Conclusions:The prevalence of anxiety and depression among COPD outpatients in this Beijing community health center is considerable. CAT score, mMRC grade, GOLD grade, number of comorbidities, marital status, and history of hospitalization for acute exacerbation are risk factors of anxiety, while CAT score, mMRC grade, GOLD grade, number of comorbidities, smoking pack-years, and hospitalization history are risk factors for depression.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) visiting the Yuetan Community Health Service Center in Beijing.Methods:This cross-sectional study enrolled COPD patients who visited the center between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023, using convenience sampling. After pulmonary function tests, participants completed questionnaires covering demographic characteristics, GOLD classification, number of hospitalizations for acute exacerbations in the past year, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale score, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The status and influencing factors of anxiety and depression were analyzed with univariate and multivariate Logistic regression.Results:A total of 243 COPD patients were included, with 74.1% (180/243) being male and a mean age of 67±9 years. The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression were 17.3% (42/243) and 21.0% (51/243), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following independent factors associated with anxiety (all P<0.05): CAT score 31-40 ( OR=26.621, 95% CI: 4.451-159.209), mMRC score ≥2 ( OR=5.387, 95% CI: 1.589-18.209), GOLD grade ≥3 ( OR=3.227, 95% CI: 1.205-8.645), presence of ≥1 comorbidity ( OR=8.571, 95% CI: 1.132-64.920), being divorced/separated/widowed ( OR=3.125, 95% CI:1.369-7.136), and ≥1 hospitalization for acute exacerbation in the past year ( OR=3.523, 95% CI:1.422-8.726). Independent factors associated with depression (all P<0.05) were: CAT score ≥21 ( OR=3.326, 95% CI:1.038-10.653), mMRC score≥1 ( OR=7.468, 95% CI:1.706-32.697), GOLD grade ≥3 ( OR=3.160, 95% CI:1.225-8.148), presence of ≥1 comorbidity ( OR=5.624, 95% CI:1.295-24.422), smoking history ≥40 pack-years ( OR=2.689, 95% CI: 1.092-6.623), and ≥1 hospitalization for acute exacerbation in the past year ( OR=2.663, 95% CI:1.093-6.486). Conclusions:The prevalence of anxiety and depression among COPD outpatients in this Beijing community health center is considerable. CAT score, mMRC grade, GOLD grade, number of comorbidities, marital status, and history of hospitalization for acute exacerbation are risk factors of anxiety, while CAT score, mMRC grade, GOLD grade, number of comorbidities, smoking pack-years, and hospitalization history are risk factors for depression.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with renal involvement.Methods:The clinical data of a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient with nephrotic syndrome as the initial manifestation in Fujian Provincial People's Hospital in October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the related literature was reviewed.Results:The patient was a 68-year-old male with recurrent edema and foam urine as the initial manifestations, and he was diagnosed as nephrotic syndrome in the nephrology department. After treatment, the symptoms showed no significant improvement, and the lymphocyte count gradually increased. The patient was diagnosed as chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the hematology department. After ibrutinib monotherapy, the lymphocyte count and urine protein gradually decreased to normal levels, and the clinical efficacy evaluation of the patient was complete remission at the end of follow-up.Conclusions:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with nephrotic syndrome as the initial manifestation is rare, and the clinical presentations are variable. Early diagnosis is the guarantee of successful treatment. The efficacy and safety of first-line Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor monotherapy are good.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor that occurs in the bile duct epithelium,it is the second most common malignant tumor of the liver and bile duct after hepatocellular carcinoma.Imaging examination is an important method to detect bile duct cancer;the purpose of imaging is to determine the location of the tumor,and the extent of invasion and distant metastasis.Different imaging methods have their advantages and disadvantages,so they should be chosen based on the condition of patients,or be optimized as the combined detection.

OBJECTIVETo study the promoter methylation status of SFRP genes and the effect of 5- aza- 2'- deoxycytidine (5- Aza- CdR)induced apoptosis via Wnt/β- catenin pathway by demethylation in Jurkat cells.

METHODSJurkat cells were treated with different concentrations of 5- Aza- CdR. The cell proliferation level of Jurkat cells was detected by MTT assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Methylation- spcific PCR (MSP) was used to determine the methylation status of SFRP genes. The expressions of SFRP genes were detected by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The mRNA expression levels of survivin, c- myc and cyclin- D1 were analyzed by RT- PCR. Western blot was used to detect the levels of β-catenin protein.

RESULTSCompared with control group, the different concentrations of 5-Aza-CdR could significantly inhibit the proliferation of Jurkat cells in a time-dose dependent manner (P<0.05). After being treated by 5- Aza- CdR for 48 hours, the cell early apoptosis rate in experiment group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The promoters of SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, SFRP5 genes were hypermethylation state in the control group, after being treated by 5-Aza-CdR for 72 hours, the brightness of SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, SFRP5 genes' methylation strips weakened in a dose- dependent manner. SFRP mRNA expression increased (P<0.05) when 5- Aza- CdR concentration increased, and the level of β- catenin protein was dampened in a dose- dependent manner (P<0.05). As compared to the control group, the mRNA expressions of associated apoptosis genes survivin, c-myc and cyclin- D1, respectively were obviously down- regulated in a dose- dependent manner (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe effect of demethylation could up- regulate SFRP genes expressions by reversing its hypermethylation and induced apoptosis by down-regulation of β-catenin and associated apoptosis genes.

Apoptosis ; Azacitidine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA Methylation ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; Jurkat Cells ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; beta Catenin ; metabolism

Objective To detect the levels of plasma gelsolin(GSN),vitamin D binding protein(VDBP)and coagulation?related parameters in peripheral blood between pre?eclampsia,then analyze their relationships with the onset or development of pre?eclampsia. Methods A total of 30 women with severe pre?eclampsia(SPE)and 30 women with mild pre?eclampsia(MPE)were enrolled for the study and randomly chosen as trial group. 30 normal pregnancies with matching gestational ages were selected as control group?1 and 30 normal full?term pregnancies were randomly chosen as control group?2. The levels of GSN,VDBP,platelet(PLT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),activated partial thromboplas?tin time(APTT),fibrinogen(FIB),and D?dimer were compared between those groups. Results The levels of GSN,VDBP and PLT,PT,APTT, FIB in SPE group were significantly lower than that of MPE group(P<0.05),and the level of D?dimer was significantly higher(P<0.05). In healthy pregnant women between control group?1 and control group?2,GSN fell during gestational weeks,with a concomitant rise in VDBP with no significance(P>0.05). There were no statistical difference among all the levels of coagulation?related parameters in healthy pregnant women(P>0.05). Conclusion GSN and VDBP levels in pre?eclampsia are significantly lower than that of normal pregnant women,along with pathological hy?percoagulative state,and which are related to severity of disease.

Objective To investigate the visualization and quantitation of hemodynamic variables at carotid artery bifurcation in vivo by combining computational fluid dynamics(CFD)and vascular imaging. Methods A healthy volunteer underwent CT angiography of left carotid artery by SIEMENS multi-slice CT. Parameters of hemodynamics at this carotid bifurcation were calculated and visualized by combining vascular imaging post-processing and CFD.Results (1) The average range of flow velocity was 0.04～0.36 m/s. A region of high velocity was seen at medial wall of internal carotid artery (ICA) and medial wall of external carotid artery (ECA), respectively. The largest contiguous region of low velocity occurred at the carotid bulb. (2)The average range of absolute pressure, static pressure and dynamic pressure was 100 266.70～101 615.90 Pa, -1058.34～290.88 Pa, and 6.12～553.25 Pa, respectively. (3) The average range of wall shear stress (WSS) at the bifurcation was 0.59～5.35 Pa. There was a large region of low WSS at carotid bulb and posterior wall of ICA, with the lowest value of 0.25 Pa. Also there was a small region of low WSS at anterior and lateral wall of ECA.Conclusion CFD combined with vascular imaging can calculate and visualize the parameters of hemodynamics at carotid bifurcation in vivo individually. It is an interdisciplinary science of computer, radiology and hemodynamics and provides a new method to investigate the relationship of vascular geometry and flow condition with atherosclerotic pathological changes.