OBJECTIVE To comprehensively evaluate the 16 commonly used kinds of enteral nutrition preparations in Hebei province， aiming to provide a reference for the selection of drugs in medical institutions and clinical drug decision-making. METHODS Based on the Quick Guide for Drug Evaluation and Selection in Chinese Medical Institutions （the Second Edition）， evaluation evidence was collected， and the included drugs were scored and evaluated from four dimensions of pharmaceutical characteristics， clinical characteristics， economy and other attributes. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The scores for Enteral nutritional emulsion （TPF-T）， Enteral nutritional emulsion （TPF-D）， Enteral nutritional emulsion （TPF）， Enteral nutritional emulsion （TPF-HE）， Enteral nutritional emulsion （TP）， Enteral nutritional emulsion （SP）， Enteral nutritional suspension （TPF） （1.5 kcal/mL， 1 kcal＝4.184 kJ）， Enteral nutritional suspension （TPF） （1.0 kcal/mL）， Intact protein enteral nutrition （powder）， Enteral nutritional suspension （TPF-DM）， Enteral nutritional suspension （TPF-MCT）， Enteral nutritional suspension （SP）， Short- peptide enteral nutrition， Enteral nutritional powder （TP）， Enteral nutritional suspension （TPF-D） and Enteral nutritional suspension （TPF-FOS） were 82.9， 84.1， 84.1， 86.1， 78.4， 79.1， 82.6， 82.3， 82.4， 80.2， 83.0， 82.4， 82.1， 85.7， 76.0， 82.4 points， respectively. All medications scored above 70 points. In practice， appropriate drugs can be selected according to clinical requirements and patient needs.

Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability among adults in China， and its common complications include digestive system abnormalities， cognitive impairment， depression， stroke-associated pneumonia， and hemiplegia. The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has great potential in treating post-stroke complications. Xinglou Chengqitang （XLCQT） is a representative prescription of alleviating the disease in the upper part by treating the lower part. It has definite therapeutic effect and high safety. Clinically， XLCQT is often used to treat stroke and its complications. However， the quantity and quality of clinical trials of XLCQT in treating post-stroke complications need to be improved. Additionally， since the basic research is weak， the material basis and multi-target mechanism for the efficacy of this prescription are unknown. This article reviews XLCQT in terms of the pharmacodynamic basis， medicinal properties， safety evaluation， and progress in clinical research and mechanisms in treating post-stroke complications. This article summarizes 22 key active ingredients of XLCQT in treating acute stroke complicated with syndrome of phlegm heat and fu-organ excess. Among these key active ingredients， resveratrol， kaempferol， luteolin， chrysoeriol， apigenin， （+）-catechin， and adenosine have good pharmacokinetic properties and high bioavailability. The mechanisms of XLCQT in treating post-stroke complications are complex， including inflammatory response， brain-gut axis， hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， intestinal flora， neurotrophic factors， autophagy， oxidative stress， and free radical damage. This review helps to deeply understand the pharmacodynamic basis and mechanisms of XLCQT in treating post-stroke complications and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of XLCQT against post-stroke complications and the development of drugs.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Zhejiang Province from 2019 to 2023, so as to provide the reference for strengthening SFTS prevention and control. Methods: Data on laboratory-confirmed SFTS cases in Zhejiang Province from 2019 to 2023 were collected through the Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Meteorological data, geographic environment and socioeconomic factors during the same period were collected from the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Geospatial Data Cloud, and Zhejiang Statistical Yearbook, respectively. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of SFTS from 2019 to 2023, and a Bayesian spatio-temporal model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of SFTS incidence. Results: A total of 578 SFTS cases were reported in Zhejiang Province from 2019 to 2023, with an annual average incidence of 0.23/105. The peak period was from May to July, accounting for 52.60%. There were 309 males and 269 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.15∶1. The cases were mainly aged 50-<80 years, farmers, and in rural areas, accounting for 82.53%, 77.34%, and 75.43%, respectively. Taizhou City and Shaoxing City reported more SFTS cases, while Shaoxing City and Zhoushan City had higher annual average incidences of SFTS. The Bayesian spatio-temporal interaction model showed good goodness of fit. The results showed that mean temperature (RR=1.626, 95%CI: 1.111-2.378) and mean wind speed (RR=1.814, 95%CI: 1.321-2.492) were positively correlated with SFTS risk, while altitude (RR=0.432, 95%CI: 0.230-0.829) and population density (RR=0.443, 95%CI: 0.207-0.964) were negatively correlated with SFTS risk. Conclusions SFTS in Zhejiang Province peaks from May to July. Middle-aged and elderly people and farmers are high-risk populations. Taizhou City, Shaoxing City, and Zhoushan City are high-incidence areas. Mean temperature, mean wind speed, altitude, and population density can all affect the risk of SFTS incidence.

AIM: To compare the postoperative clinical outcomes of two diffractive extended depth-of-focus intraocular lenses(IOLs), the AMEUH and the Tecnis Symfony IOL.

METHODS:This prospective cohort, multicenter study enrolled patients with cataract who underwent cataract phacoemulsification with IOL implantation at three hospitals between October 2024 and June 2025. Patients were divided into the AMEUH group and the ZXR00 group according to the implanted IOL. The AMEUH group included patients implanted with diffractive extended depth-of-focus IOL, and the ZXR00 group included patients implanted with the Tecnis Symfony IOL. At 6 mo postoperatively, ocular biometric parameters, photopic uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UIVA), uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA), corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA), distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity(DCIVA), and distance-corrected near visual acuity(DCNVA); mesopic CDVA, DCIVA, and DCNVA, defocus curves, manifest refraction, contrast sensitivity, adverse visual symptoms, spectacle independence, patient satisfaction, and intraocular pressure were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS:A total of 83 patients(83 eyes)were included in this study, including 31 males(31 eyes)and 52 females(52 eyes), with a mean age of 63.18±10.30 y. The AMEUH group included 41 patients(41 eyes), aged 67.00(60.00, 72.00)y, including 13 males and 28 females. The ZXR00 group included 42 patients(42 eyes), aged 62.00(57.50, 69.00)y, including 18 males and 24 females. The 77 patients completed 6 mo postoperative follow up, with 6 patients lost to follow up(3 from the AMEUH group and 3 from the ZXR00 group). There were no significant differences in ocular biometric parameters between the two groups postoperative 6 mo(all P>0.05). No significant differences were observed in photopic UDVA, UIVA, UNVA, CDVA, and DCIVA, or in mesopic CDVA and DCIVA between the two groups(all P>0.05). However,photopic and mesopic DCNVA in the AMEUH group were significantly better than in the ZXR00 group(both P<0.05). The effective depth-of-focus in the AMEUH group was increased by 0.5 D compared with the ZXR00 group. Significant differences were observed in manifest refraction between the two groups(P<0.05). Under specific lighting conditions and spatial frequencies, contrast sensitivity in the AMEUH group was significantly better than in the ZXR00 group(all P<0.05). The incidences of glare, halos, and blurred vision in the AMEUH group were all significantly lower than in the ZXR00 group(all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in spectacle independence for distance, intermediate, and near vision, or in patient satisfaction for distance and intermediate vision between the two groups(all P>0.05). However, patient satisfaction for near vision in the AMEUH group was significantly higher than in the ZXR00 group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:The diffractive extended depth-of-focus IOL AMEUH further extends the depth-of-focus through a higher-order aspheric optical design based on a diffractive design, providing comparable efficacy to the Symfony IOL in improving distance and intermediate vision. Meanwhile, benefiting from its higher add power, it provides superior near visual performance, and reduces spectacle dependence. The AMEUH IOL is associated with a lower incidence of postoperative adverse visual symptoms, as well as favorable safety, and high patient satisfaction.

Modern cataract surgery has completely moved beyond the traditional vision-restoring model and has fully entered a new era of refractive cataract surgery(RCS)centered on precise refractive correction. Its core objective is to provide patients with personalized visual experiences characterized by full-range, clear, and comfortable vision. Currently, although diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for RCS are rapidly evolving, there remain many bottlenecks in the precise management of the entire perioperative process that urgently need to be addressed. Preoperatively, the measurement consistency among ocular biometry devices based on different detection principles remains poor, and systematic measurement errors cannot be completely eliminated. Moreover, the individualized selection of intraocular lenses(IOLs)relies heavily on surgeons' clinical experience, lacking a standardized quantitative decision-making framework, which makes it difficult to achieve precise personalized matching. Intraoperatively, the quality of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis is affected by multiple factors such as ocular anatomical characteristics and surgical proficiency, and its stability cannot be reliably ensured. Various intelligent surgical navigation systems are compromised by intraoperative ocular conditions, and their clinical performance fails to meet theoretical expectations. At the postoperative stage, existing IOL optical designs and materials have inherent limitations. The longterm prevention and control of posterior capsule opacification(PCO)remains a core factor restricting patients' long-term high-quality visual outcomes. This article systematically reviews the precise diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and core bottlenecks across the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative stages of RCS. It further explores frontier technological directions—including cross-device error compensation models, artificial intelligence-assisted decision-making, preoperative VR-based visual simulation, and the construction of intelligent surgical ecosystem platforms—to delineate targeted solutions and optimization pathways. This review aims to provide references and insights for the standardized clinical implementation, technological innovation, and future research endeavors in precision diagnosis and treatment of RCS.

Objectives: . This study aimed to investigate the regulatory functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neural circuits from the inferior colliculus (IC) to the medial geniculate body (MGB) in salicylate-induced tinnitus. Methods: . Mice were treated with salicylate to induce tinnitus, and tinnitus-like behaviors were evaluated via gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. Using combined viral tracing methodologies, we identified and mapped the pathways and connections from the IC to the MGB. Furthermore, we employed Gq-coupled human M3 designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) and Gi-coupled human M4 DREADDs to achieve targeted excitation or suppression of GABAergic neurons in the IC and MGB. Following the administration of clozapine N-oxide, which binds to these receptors, we modulated these neural circuits to assess their impact on tinnitus severity in a mouse model. Results: . Our findings demonstrated that mice exposed to salicylate exhibited tinnitus-like behaviors. GABAergic neurons projecting retrogradely from the MGB to the IC were primarily concentrated in the external nucleus of the IC. After clozapine N-oxide administration, chemogenetic activation of IC-MGB GABAergic neurons aggravated salicylate-induced tinnitus. Additionally, activation of GABAergic neurons between the IC and MGB induced the perception of tinnitus even without salicylate. However, chemogenetic inhibition of the IC-MGB GABAergic circuit did not reverse salicylate-induced tinnitus. Conclusion . These findings suggest that activation of the IC-MGB GABAergic neural circuit may contribute to tinnitus generation through a mechanism distinct from that of salicylate-induced tinnitus. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying tinnitus.

With the accelerating trend of population aging, the number of elderly patients with lung cancer continues to rise, and the disease burden is becoming increasingly heavy. The clinical management of these patients faces severe challenges due to their decreased physiological reserve, complex comorbidities, and significant individual heterogeneity. Consequently, under traditional diagnosis and treatment models, doctors often struggle to identify the individualized risks of elderly patients in a timely and comprehensive manner, which can easily lead to decision biases such as undertreatment or overtreatment. In view of this, this study advocates for the establishment of an umbrella decision-making model specifically tailored for elderly lung cancer patients. Grounded in a multidisciplinary team (MDT) platform, this model deeply integrates oncological indicators with the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) system. By holistically considering multidimensional variables including tumor burden, organ function, frailty index, cognitive status, and social support, the model establishes an operational mechanism characterized by "single entry, precise stratification, and targeted selection". Accordingly, patients can be scientifically triaged into distinct intervention tiers, such as active surveillance, minimally invasive surgery, drug therapy, radiotherapy, and best supportive care, thereby achieving real-time alignment between treatment intensity and patient fitness. This article elaborates on the construction logic and key operational procedures of this novel decision-making framework, aiming to guide clinical practice beyond the limitations of a tumor-centric perspective toward a holistic, dynamic, whole-course management strategy. This transition seeks to ensure optimal quality of life and clinical net benefit for elderly patients alongside survival prolongation.

Background Air pollution poses a significant threat to children's respiratory health. Baotou, a resource-dependent industrial city in northern China dominated by coal, power generation, and steel industries, has limited evidence on the associations of inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀), fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), and ozone (O₃) with pediatric pneumonia hospitalizations, particularly with respect to season-specific lagged effects. Objective To evaluate the associations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and O₃ with pediactric pneumonia hospitalizations and to examine seasonal variations in these associations in the urban districts of Baotou. Methods A time-series study was conducted using daily data on air pollutant concentrations, meteorological factors, and pediatric pneumonia hospitalizations in Baotou from 2017 to 2022. Generalized additive models were applied to examine single-pollutant associations. Cumulative lag models were fitted to assess delayed and cumulative effects, and season-stratified models were constructed to identify season-specific risks. Two-pollutant and multi-pollutant models were further developed to evaluate the robustness of the observed associations. Results The annual mean concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were 38.62 μg·m⁻³ and 85.44 μg·m⁻³, respectively.PM₁₀ and O₃ were the most frequent primary pollutants, accounting for 32.6% and 30.7% of polluted days, respectively. Significant positive associations with lag effects were observed between air pollutants and pediatric pneumonia hospitalizations. In the full-year model, PM₁₀ showed the strongest association at lag 3 (ER=0.77%, 95%CI: 0.50%, 1.04%), whereas PM_2.5 showed the strongest association at lag 1 (ER=1.85%, 95%CI: 1.23%, 2.48%). Seasonal stratification analyses revealed significant associations for PM_2.5 in both the cold season (lag 1, ER=1.57%, 95%CI: 0.83%, 2.31%) and the warm season (lag 7, ER=1.84%, 95%CI: 0.35%, 3.35%). PM₁₀ showed a significant association at lag 7 in the warm season (ER=0.70%, 95%CI: 0.27%, 1.13%). O₃ exhibited significant acute effects only in the warm season, with same-day exposure (lag 0) associated with an ER of 3.79% (95%CI: 1.92%, 5.69%). The estimated risk contribution ranking was PM_2.5 > PM₁₀ for the full year and the cold season, and O₃ > PM_2.5 > PM₁₀ for the warm season. Cumulative lag analysis revealed that PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exhibited the strongest cumulative associations at lag07 in the full-year and cold-season models, with ERs of 2.20% (95%CI: 1.68%, 2.72%) and 4.20% (95%CI: 3.01%, 5.40%), respectively, and the associations intensified as the lag period extended. In contrast, O₃ in the warm season showed the strongest cumulative association at lag02, with an ER of 5.37% (95%CI: 3.13%, 7.66%), followed by a rapid decline. O₃ in the cold season showed a significant cumulative association at lag07, with an ER of 5.12% (95%CI: 0.00%, 10.49%). In two-pollutant and multi-pollutant models, the associations of PM₁₀ and O₃ remained stable after adjustment for other pollutants. Conclusion From 2017 to 2022, ambient particulate matter and ozone are significantly associated with pediatric pneumonia hospitalizations in the urban districts of Baotou, with evident lagged effects and seasonal variations. Differentiated prevention strategies should be developed according to seasonal pollutant profiles, with priority given to PM_2.5 control in the cold season and O₃ control in the warm season.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of a domestic hair follicle extraction system versus traditional follicular unit excision (FUE) in extracting hair follicles for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) .Methods:A multicenter, randomized, self-controlled clinical trial was conducted on AGA patients aged 18 - 59 years who were recruited from the Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, and the China-Japan Friendship Hospital between June 2023 and September 2024. Each patient's scalp was randomly divided into two sides (experimental side vs. control side) using an envelope method. The experimental side underwent robotic hair transplantation with a domestic hair follicle extraction system, and the control side underwent traditional FUE. Hair follicles were extracted from the safe donor area in the occipital region, and implanted into the ipsilateral hair loss area. The primary outcome was the hair transection rate which was calculated immediately after follicular extraction. The secondary outcomes included the hair follicle unit loss rate and the change in hair density at the recipient site on postoperative day 14. Safety was evaluated by assessing the incidence of folliculitis at the donor site on postoperative day 14 and the overall incidence of adverse events. Surgical outcomes were evaluated at 9 months after surgery. Comparisons of evaluation indicators among groups were performed by using a paired t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results:A total of 55 patients with AGA (51 males and 4 females, aged 32.71 ± 5.75 years) completed the hair follicle transplantation and postoperative follow-up. The hair transection rate ( M[ Q1, Q3]) was 6.65% (4.56%, 10.16%) in the experimental group and 5.28% (3.04%, 8.89%) in the control group (difference = 1.24%, 95% CI: -0.24%, 2.65%) . The hair follicle unit loss rate was 2.00% (1.00%, 3.50%) in the experimental group and 0.50% (0, 2.00%) in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups ( P = 0.008) . On postoperative day 14, there was no significant difference in the hair density between the experimental group and control group (72.20 ± 25.95 per cm 2vs. 76.49 ± 30.84 per cm 2, P = 0.173) . At 9-month follow-up, both groups showed improvement in the investigator's overall score in the recipient areas. Seven adverse events occurred in 7 subjects (12.72%) in each group, and all were mild folliculitis. Conclusion:The domestic hair follicle extraction system demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety to the traditional FUE in hair transplantation.

Objective Analysis of the effects of relaxation training combined with exercise intervention in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy,aiming to provide reference for clinical nursing practice.Methods Using a convenience sampling method,80 colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in the oncology ward of a tertiary A hospital in Changzhou,Jiangsu Province from November 2022 to November 2023 were selected as study subjects.Patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table method,with 40 patients in each group.The experimental group received relaxation training combined with exercise interventionin addition to routine care provided to the control group.The control group received routine care.Differences in 6-minute walking distance,anxiety,depression and quality of life scores before and after six chemotherapy cycles were compared between the 2 groups.Results Finally,70 patients completed the intervention,with 35 patients in each group.After the intervention,there were differences in 6-minute walking distance,anxiety scores,depression scores,and overall health status scores between the 2 groups were all statistically significant(P＜0.001).Conclusion Relaxation training combined with exercise intervention can maintain exercise endurance in colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and alleviate anxiety and depression to some extent,helping to improve patients' quality of life.