ObjectiveTo investigate the value of different noninvasive diagnostic models in the diagnosis of esophageal and gastric varices since there is a high risk of esophageal and gastric varices in patients with compensated hepatitis B cirrhosis and significant portal hypertension， and to provide a basis for the early diagnosis of esophageal and gastric varices. MethodsA total of 108 patients with significant portal hypertension due to compensated hepatitis B cirrhosis who attended Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from November 2017 to November 2023 were enrolled， and according to the presence or absence of esophageal and gastric varices under gastroscopy， they were divided into esophageal and gastric varices group （GOV group） and non-esophageal and gastric varices group （NGOV group）. Related data were collected， including age， sex， imaging findings， and laboratory markers. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups； the least significant difference t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of five scoring models， i.e.， fibrosis-4 （FIB-4）， LOK index， LPRI， aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index （APRI）， and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio （AAR）. The binary logistic regression method was used to establish a combined model， and the area under the ROC curve （AUC） was compared between the combined model and each scoring model used alone. The Delong test was used to compare the AUC value between any two noninvasive diagnostic models. ResultsThere were 55 patients in the GOV group and 53 patients in the NGOV group. Compared with the NGOV group， the GOV group had a significantly higher age （52.64±1.44 years vs 47.96±1.68 years， t=0.453， P<0.05） and significantly lower levels of alanine aminotransferase ［42.00 （24.00 — 17.00） U/L vs 82.00 （46.00 — 271.00） U/L， Z=-3.065， P<0.05］， aspartate aminotransferase ［44.00 （32.00 — 96.00） U/L vs 62.00 （42.50 — 154.50） U/L，Z=-2.351， P<0.05］， and platelet count ［100.00 （69.00 — 120.00）×10⁹/L vs 119.00 （108.50 — 140.50）×10⁹/L， Z=-3.667， P<0.05］. The ROC curve analysis showed that FIB-4， LOK index， LPRI， and AAR used alone had an accuracy of 0.667， 0.681， 0.730， and 0.639， respectively， in the diagnosis of esophageal and gastric varices （all P<0.05）， and the positive diagnostic rates of GOV were 69.97%， 65.28%， 67.33%， and 58.86%， respectively， with no significant differences in AUC values （all P>0.05）， while APRI used alone had no diagnostic value （P>0.05）. A combined model （LAF） was established based on the binary logistic regression analysis and had an AUC of 0.805 and a positive diagnostic rate of GOV of 75.80%， with a significantly higher AUC than FIB-4， LOK index， LPRI， and AAR used alone （Z=-2.773，-2.479，-2.206， and-2.672， all P<0.05）. ConclusionFIB-4， LOK index， LPRI， and AAR have a similar diagnostic value for esophageal and gastric varices in patients with compensated hepatitis B cirrhosis and significant portal hypertension， and APRI alone has no diagnostic value. The combined model LAF had the best diagnostic efficacy， which provides a certain reference for clinical promotion and application.

This study design of specific identification primers for the ITS2 sequence of F. ussuriensis. The reaction system and conditions were optimized, and PCR-nucleic acid test strips were constructed to realize the visual detection of F. ussuriensis Bark. Through molecular cloning and sequencing technology, we constructed a positive control for F. ussuriensis DNA and formulated quality standards. The established method was evaluated for sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, and the authenticity of the commercially available samples was identified. Results demonstrated that based on the ITS2 sequences, F. ussuriensis and its mixed forgeries could be distinguished. The PCR products of the authentic F. ussuriensis on test strips showed two bands in the T and C lines, while the pseudo products and negative control showed only one band in the C line, which was consistent with the results of agarose gel electrophoresis. The specificity was 100%, and the sensitivity of the PCR-nucleic acid test strip was up to 0.1 ng·μL^-1, which was 10 times higher than that of the gel electrophoresis assay. 11 out of 16 commercially available samples of F. ussuriensis were qualified, and 5 were unqualified. Collectively, the PCR-nucleic acid test strip method established in this study is specific, rapid, accurate and visualized, which can provide a new technical idea for the detection of F. ussuriensis.

The incidence of blood tumors is getting higher and higher. In addition to traditional chemoradiotherapy, in recent years, with the development of nuclear medicine technology and nuclide, nuclide therapy is playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of blood tumors. At present, the main research on the treatment of blood tumors focuses on acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but progress has also been made in other blood tumors. 213Bi and 225Ac-labeled monoclonal antibodies have achieved good results in blood tumors. 225Ac has overcome the short half-life of 213Bi and the problems of transportation and preservation. However, there are still many problems to be solved in the clinical use of α particles. This article reviews the progress of α-particle therapy in blood system, in order to provide a broader idea for the treatment of blood tumors.

Objective To investigate the relationship between nestin expression and microvessel density(MVD)and its value as a potential prognostic marker of glioblastoma(GBM).Methods A retrospective trial was conducted on 50 GBM patients undergoing craniotomy under general an-esthesia in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from March 2020 to March 2023.According to the median nestin H score(Nestin staining intensity × percentage of positive cells),they were divided into H score ≥80.0 group(28 cases)and H score＜80.0 group(22 cases).After 2 years of follow-up,they were also divided into a death group(23 cases)and a survival group(27 cases).The expression of nestin was determined by immunohistochemical staining,and MVD was quantified by von Willebrand factor(vWF)and CD105 immunohistochem-ical staining.Spearman rank test was used to analyze the correlation between nestin expression level and MVD formation,multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was em-ployed to identify the influencing factors for overall survival in the GBM patients,and Kaplan-Meier survival curve was plotted to analyze the 2-year survival rate of the patients.Results The nestin H score was positively correlated with vWF-MVD(Rho=0.701,P＜0.01)and CD105-MVD(Rho=0.753,P＜0.01).There were no significant differences between the H score ≥80.0 group and the H score＜80.0 group in terms of gender,age,isocitric dehydrogenase-1 mutation,tumor site,tumor location,brain necrosis,tumor volume,edema volume,preoperative Karnofsky Performance Status score,and extent of tumor resection(P＞0.05).The survival group had larger proportions of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 mutation and maximal resection,and lower nestin H score than the death group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Cox proportional hazards regression showed that partial resection/biopsy(HR=4.781,95％CI:2.066-11.060,P=0.001)and increased nestin H score(HR=1.007,95％CI:1.001-1.013,P=0.032)were independent influencing factors for worsening overall survival in the GBM patients.Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis indicated that the cumulative survival rate was lower in the H score ≥80.0 group than the H score＜80.0 group(log rank x2=8.147,P=0.004).Conclusion Nestin overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients,indicating more microangiogenesis,which may be a therapeutic target for GBM patients.

Objective:To conduct a scoping review of research on the self-advocacy of adult cancer patients to identify their self-advocacy needs, behaviors, strengths and weaknesses, so as to provide guidance for future research in this field.Methods:Using the scoping review guidelines of Joanna Briggs Institute in Australia as a methodological framework, relevant literatures were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct, CINAHL, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP and China Biology Medicine disc. The search period was from establishment of the databases to December 2023, and the results were summarized and analyzed.Results:A total of 14 articles were included, and self-advocacy needs included six types of needs, such as symptom management, communication, interpersonal support, disease information, decision-making and emotional management. Self-advocacy included four aspects, including seeking information, self-decision-making, strengthening contact with the outside world and effective communication.Conclusions:Adult cancer patients have diverse types of self-advocacy needs and certain self-advocacy behaviors. Future research should pay attention to self-advocacy needs assessment, develop corresponding tools, focus on self-advocacy behaviors, leverage the advantages of self-advocacy and explore strategies to achieve effective self-advocacy support.

Irinotecan (CPT11) chemotherapy-induced diarrhea affects a substantial cancer population due to β-glucuronidase (Gus) converting 10-O-glucuronyl-7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38G) to toxic 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38). Existing interventions primarily address inflammation and Gus enzyme inhibition, neglecting epithelial repair and Gus-expressing bacteria. Herein, we discovered that dehydrodiisoeugenol (DDIE), isolated from nutmeg, alleviates CPT11-induced intestinal mucositis alongside a synergistic antitumor effect with CPT11 by improving weight loss, colon shortening, epithelial barrier dysfunction, goblet cells and intestinal stem cells (ISCs) loss, and wound-healing. The anti-mucositis effect of DDIE is gut microbiota-dependent. Analysis of microbiome profiling data from clinical patients and CPT11-induced mucositis mice reveals a strong correlation between CPT11 chemotoxicity and Gus-expressing bacteria, particularly Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). DDIE counters CPT11-induced augmentation of E. faecalis, leading to decreased intestinal Gus and SN38 levels. The Partial Least Squares Path Model (PLS-PM) algorithm initially links E. faecalis to dysregulated epithelial renovation. This is further validated in a 3D intestinal organoid model, in which both SN38 and E. faecalis hinder the formation and differentiation of organoids. Interestingly, colonization of E. faecalis exacerbates CPT11-induced mucositis and disturbs epithelial differentiation. Our study unveils a microbiota-driven, epithelial reconstruction-mediated action of DDIE against mucositis, proposing the 'Gus bacteria-host-irinotecan axis' as a promising target for mitigating CPT11 chemotoxicity.

Objective To explore the systematic nursing intervention for patients with artificial anal bowel habit of effect.Methods Our hospital from May 2020 to select-treated 100 cases of artificial anal in May,2022 patients as the research object,the patients were randomly divided into control group and research group of consent of all the 50 cases,control group adopted routine nursing care,the team take systematic nursing intervention,compare the effect of two groups of patients with bowel movements.Results The team bowel habit each index compared with control group,difference has statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Systematic nursing intervention to actively promote the use of clinical nursing work in the future.

Objectives: To investigated the safety and efficacy of treating patients with acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and elevated levels of N-terminal pro-hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with levosimendan within 24 hours of first medical contact (FMC). Methods: This multicenter, open-label, block-randomized controlled trial (NCT03189901) investigated the safety and efficacy of levosimendan as an early management strategy of acute heart failure (EMS-AHF) for patients with NSTEMI and high NT-proBNP levels. This study included 255 patients with NSTEMI and elevated NT-proBNP levels, including 142 males and 113 females with a median age of 65 (58-70) years, and were admitted in the emergency or outpatient departments at 14 medical centers in China between October 2017 and October 2021. The patients were randomly divided into a levosimendan group (n=129) and a control group (n=126). The primary outcome measure was NT-proBNP levels on day 3 of treatment and changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline on day 5 after randomization. The secondary outcome measures included the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in NT-proBNP levels from baseline, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization and at 6 months after hospitalization, safety during the treatment, and health economics indices. The measurement data parameters between groups were compared using the t-test or the non-parametric test. The count data parameters were compared between groups using the χ² test. Results: On day 3, the NT-proBNP levels in the levosimendan group were lower than the control group but were statistically insignificant [866 (455, 1 960) vs. 1 118 (459, 2 417) ng/L, Z=-1.25,P=0.21]. However, on day 5, changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline in the levosimendan group were significantly higher than the control group [67.6% (33.8%,82.5%)vs.54.8% (7.3%,77.9%), Z=-2.14, P=0.03]. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in the NT-proBNP levels on day 5 between the levosimendan and the control groups [77.5% (100/129) vs. 69.0% (87/126), χ²=2.34, P=0.13]. Furthermore, incidences of MACE did not show any significant differences between the two groups during hospitalization [4.7% (6/129) vs. 7.1% (9/126), χ²=0.72, P=0.40] and at 6 months [14.7% (19/129) vs. 12.7% (16/126), χ²=0.22, P=0.64]. Four cardiac deaths were reported in the control group during hospitalization [0 (0/129) vs. 3.2% (4/126), P=0.06]. However, 6-month survival rates were comparable between the two groups (log-rank test, P=0.18). Moreover, adverse events or serious adverse events such as shock, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia were not reported in both the groups during levosimendan treatment (days 0-1). The total cost of hospitalization [34 591.00(15 527.46,59 324.80) vs. 37 144.65(16 066.90,63 919.00)yuan, Z=-0.26, P=0.80] and the total length of hospitalization [9 (8, 12) vs. 10 (7, 13) days, Z=0.72, P=0.72] were lower for patients in the levosimendan group compared to those in the control group, but did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Early administration of levosimendan reduced NT-proBNP levels in NSTEMI patients with elevated NT-proBNP and did not increase the total cost and length of hospitalization, but did not significantly improve MACE during hospitalization or at 6 months.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Simendan/therapeutic use* ; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction ; Heart Failure/drug therapy* ; Peptide Fragments ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Biomarkers ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVE: To explore the transcriptional gene expression profile up-regulated in human macrophages stimulated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and the underlying intracellular signaling mechanisms. METHODS: RNA-seq was used to sequence and compare the differential gene expression profiles of human macrophage cell line U937 before and after IFN-γ stimulation, and the significantly up-regulated genes were screened out, which were verified by fluorescence-based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in U937 and THP1 cell lines, respectively. JAK/STAT, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors were added to simultaneously to the cultured U937 cells upon IFN-γ priming to detect their effects on the expressions of the up-regulated genes to explore the key regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS: RNA-seq and qPCR results showed that, the well-recognized chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, the APOL family including APOL1, APOL2, APOL3, APOL4, APOL6 and GBP family GBP1, GBP2, GBP3, GBP4 and GBP5 as well were significantly up-regulated in IFN-γ-stimulated U937 cells. JAK/STAT3 pathway inhibitor inhibited the upregulation of APOL1, APOL4, GBP1, GBP4 and GBP5 genes induced by IFN-γ, while MAPK/ERK pathway inhibitor inhibited the upregulation of CXCL10 gene. PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor inhibited the upregulation of APOL1,APOL4, APOL6, GBP1 and GBP5 genes induced by IFN-γ, all three signal pathway inhibitors could inhibit the upregulation of CXCL9 gene, and none of them could inhibit the upregulation of APOL3 gene. CONCLUSION Upon IFN-γ stimulation, some family molecules of APOL and GBP in macrophages are significantly up-regulated, and PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT3 and MAPK/ERK pathways have positive regulation on their expressions, respectively.
Apolipoprotein L1/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology* ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction

Objective: To analyse the efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in children born small for gestational age (SGA) with syndormic and non-syndormic short stature. Methods: The clinical data of 59 children born SGA who were diagnosed as short stature and admitted to the Center of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital from July 2012 to June 2021 were collected and analyzed. According to the 2019 consensus on short stature, they were divided into syndromic group and non-syndromic group. Before treatment and 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after treatment, height standard deviation score (Ht-SDS), difference of height standard deviation (∆Ht-SDS) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were compared between groups, while Ht-SDS and HOMA-IR were compared before and after treatment. Independent t test or Kruskal-Wallis test were used for comparison between the 2 groups, and paired t test or Mann-Whitney U test were used for the intra-group comparison. Results: Among the 59 cases, 37 were males and 22 females, aged (5.5±2.3) years. There was no significant difference in Ht-SDS after 12 months of treatment between 2 groups (0.9±0.4 vs. 1.2±0.4, t=1.68, P=0.104) or in height SDS after 24 months of treatment (1.4±0.7 vs. 1.9±0.5, t=1.52, P=0.151). After 12 months of treatment, the insulin resistance index of the non-syndromic group was significantly higher than that of the syndromic group (2.29 (1.43, 2.99) vs. 0.90 (0.55, 1.40), Z=-2.95, P=0.003). There were significant differences in Ht-SDS between 6 months and before treatment, 12 months and 6 months in syndromic type (Z=7.65, 2.83 P<0.001, P=0.020), but all were significant differences in non-syndromic type between 6 months and before treatment, 12 months and 6 months, 18 months and 12 months, 24 months and 18 months (Z=11.95, 7.54, 4.26, 3.83, all P<0.001). Conclusion: The efficacy of rhGH treatment in children born SGA is comparable between syndromic and non-syndromic short stature cases, but non-syndromic children treated with rhGH need more frequent follow-up due to the risk of insulin resistance.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Body Height ; Gestational Age ; Human Growth Hormone/therapeutic use* ; Infant, Small for Gestational Age ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Recombinant Proteins ; Child, Preschool