ObjectiveTo investigate the status of overlapping hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection and the serological characteristics of such patients. MethodsA total of 8 637 patients with HCV infection who were hospitalized from January 1， 2010 to December 31， 2020 and had complete data of HBV serological markers were enrolled， and the composition ratio of patients with overlapping HBV serological markers was analyzed among the patients with HCV infection. The patients were divided into groups based on age and year of birth， and serological characteristics were analyzed， and the distribution of HBV-related serological characteristics were analyzed across different HCV genotypes. ResultsThe patients with HCV/HBV overlapping infection accounted for 5.85%， and the patients with previous HBV infection accounted for 48.10%； the patients with protective immunity against HBV accounted for 14.67%， while the patients with a lack of protective immunity against HBV accounted for 31.39%. The patients were divided into groups based on age： in the 0 — 17 years group， the patients with protective immunity against HBV accounted for 61.41% （304 patients）； the 18 — 44 years group was mainly composed of patients with previous HBV infection （698 patients， 37.31%）， the 45 — 59 years group was predominantly composed of patients with previous HBV infection （1 945 patients， 50.38%）， and the ≥60 years group was also predominantly composed of patients with previous HBV infection （1 486 patients， 61.66%）. The patients were divided into groups based on the year of birth： in the pre-1992 group， the patients with previous HBV infection accounted for 51.63% （4 112 patients）； in the 1992 — 2005 group， the patients with protective immunity against HBV accounted for 54.72% （168 patients）； in the post-2005 group， the patients with protective immunity against HBV accounted for 64.38% （235 patients）. In this study， 6 301 patients underwent HCV genotype testing： the patients with genotype 1b accounted for the highest proportion of 51.71% （3 258 patients）， followed by those with genotype 2a （1 769 patients， 28.07%）， genotype 3b （63 patients， 1.00%）， genotype 3a （10 patients， 0.16%）， genotype 4 （21 patients， 0.33%）， and genotype 6a （5 patients， 0.08%）. ConclusionWith the implementation of hepatitis B planned vaccination program in China， there has been a significant reduction in the proportion of patients with previous HBV infection among the patients with HCV/HBV overlapping infection， but there is still a relatively high proportion of patients with a lack of protective immunity against HBV.

Objective:To investigate relationship between IL-17/IL-23 immunoinflammatory axis and chronic heart failure(CHF)and clinical prognosis.Methods:A total of 112 patients with CHF in Chengde Central Hospital from January 2020 to Septem-ber 2021 were selected as observation group,and another 112 patients admitted to same period for healthy physical examination were selected as control group.Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels of two groups were compared,relationship between serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels and degree of disease were analyzed;clinical data,serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels of patients with different prognosis were compared,relationship between serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels and clinical prognosis of CHF patients were analyzed.Predictive value of serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels on clinical prognosis of CHF patients was evaluated,and predictive value of each prediction scheme was compared.Results:Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels were higher in observation group than control group(P<0.05);serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels of CHF patients were positively correlated with NYHA classification(P<0.05).Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels were higher in patients with poor prognosis than in those with good prognosis(P<0.05).Serum IL-17 and IL-23 were independently associated with clinical prognosis of CHF patients,and the higher the serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels,the greater risk of poor clinical prognosis of CHF patients.AUC of serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels for predicting clinical prognosis of CHF patients were 0.787 and 0.726,respectively,and combined predicted AUC was 0.918(P<0.001);combined predicted AUC of serum IL-17 and IL-23 was significantly higher than single index(P<0.05).Conclusion:IL-17 and IL-23 levels in IL-17/IL-23 immunoinflammatory axis of CHF patients are significantly elevated and involve in disease occurence and development,whose clinical detection can help predict clinical prognosis of CHF.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of vital pulp therapy versus pulp revascularization in the treatment of irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis in young permanent teeth. Methods:This study used a retrospective design. Fifty-six children with irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis in young permanent teeth, admitted to Shaoxing Stomatological Hospital from January 2022 to June 2024, were selected for the study. The children were divided into Group A ( n = 28) and Group B ( n = 28) based on treatment methods. Group A received vital pulp therapy, while Group B underwent pulp revascularization. The efficacy of both groups was compared 12 months after surgery. The root length and apical foramen size were compared between the two groups before surgery, as well as 3 and 12 months after surgery. The imaging findings were also compared between the two groups 3 and 12 months after surgery. Results:There was no significant difference in efficacy between the two groups ( P>0.05). The root lengths in Group A at 3 and 12 months after surgery were (13.17 ± 1.52) mm and (14.34 ± 1.68) mm, respectively, which were significantly greater than those in Group B [(11.86 ± 1.29) mm, (13.09 ± 1.45) mm; t = 3.48, 2.98, both P<0.05]. The apical foramen sizes in Group A at 3 and 12 months after surgery were (2.17 ± 0.32) mm and (1.61 ± 0.27) mm, respectively, and were significantly smaller than those in Group B [(2.53 ± 0.37) mm, (1.98 ± 0.31) mm; t = -7.03, -4.76, both P<0.05]. The proportion of children with an open apical foramen in Group A at 3 months after surgery was significantly lower than that in Group B [35.71% (10/28) vs. 64.29% (18/28); χ2 = 4.57, P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of open apical foramina between the two groups at 12 months after surgery ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Vital pulp therapy shows good efficacy in the treatment of irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis in young permanent teeth. Compared with pulp revascularization, vital pulp therapy can remarkably reduce apical foramen size and increase root length, making it a valuable option for clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate relationship between IL-17/IL-23 immunoinflammatory axis and chronic heart failure(CHF)and clinical prognosis.Methods:A total of 112 patients with CHF in Chengde Central Hospital from January 2020 to Septem-ber 2021 were selected as observation group,and another 112 patients admitted to same period for healthy physical examination were selected as control group.Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels of two groups were compared,relationship between serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels and degree of disease were analyzed;clinical data,serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels of patients with different prognosis were compared,relationship between serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels and clinical prognosis of CHF patients were analyzed.Predictive value of serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels on clinical prognosis of CHF patients was evaluated,and predictive value of each prediction scheme was compared.Results:Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels were higher in observation group than control group(P<0.05);serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels of CHF patients were positively correlated with NYHA classification(P<0.05).Serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels were higher in patients with poor prognosis than in those with good prognosis(P<0.05).Serum IL-17 and IL-23 were independently associated with clinical prognosis of CHF patients,and the higher the serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels,the greater risk of poor clinical prognosis of CHF patients.AUC of serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels for predicting clinical prognosis of CHF patients were 0.787 and 0.726,respectively,and combined predicted AUC was 0.918(P<0.001);combined predicted AUC of serum IL-17 and IL-23 was significantly higher than single index(P<0.05).Conclusion:IL-17 and IL-23 levels in IL-17/IL-23 immunoinflammatory axis of CHF patients are significantly elevated and involve in disease occurence and development,whose clinical detection can help predict clinical prognosis of CHF.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of vital pulp therapy versus pulp revascularization in the treatment of irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis in young permanent teeth. Methods:This study used a retrospective design. Fifty-six children with irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis in young permanent teeth, admitted to Shaoxing Stomatological Hospital from January 2022 to June 2024, were selected for the study. The children were divided into Group A ( n = 28) and Group B ( n = 28) based on treatment methods. Group A received vital pulp therapy, while Group B underwent pulp revascularization. The efficacy of both groups was compared 12 months after surgery. The root length and apical foramen size were compared between the two groups before surgery, as well as 3 and 12 months after surgery. The imaging findings were also compared between the two groups 3 and 12 months after surgery. Results:There was no significant difference in efficacy between the two groups ( P>0.05). The root lengths in Group A at 3 and 12 months after surgery were (13.17 ± 1.52) mm and (14.34 ± 1.68) mm, respectively, which were significantly greater than those in Group B [(11.86 ± 1.29) mm, (13.09 ± 1.45) mm; t = 3.48, 2.98, both P<0.05]. The apical foramen sizes in Group A at 3 and 12 months after surgery were (2.17 ± 0.32) mm and (1.61 ± 0.27) mm, respectively, and were significantly smaller than those in Group B [(2.53 ± 0.37) mm, (1.98 ± 0.31) mm; t = -7.03, -4.76, both P<0.05]. The proportion of children with an open apical foramen in Group A at 3 months after surgery was significantly lower than that in Group B [35.71% (10/28) vs. 64.29% (18/28); χ2 = 4.57, P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of open apical foramina between the two groups at 12 months after surgery ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Vital pulp therapy shows good efficacy in the treatment of irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis in young permanent teeth. Compared with pulp revascularization, vital pulp therapy can remarkably reduce apical foramen size and increase root length, making it a valuable option for clinical practice.

Objective:To provide theoretical basis for strength and endurance training of waist and abdominal muscles and prevention of waist injuries in fighter pilots by exploring the muscle strength and work characteristics of the waist and abdominal flexor and extensor muscles in fighter pilots.Methods:Sixty male fighter pilots who were qualified for flight in aeromedical assessment, aged 24-46 years old, were randomly selected and divided into 24-30, 31-40, 41-46 years group. The Isomed2000 isokinetic dynamometer system was applied to measure the muscle strength and work performance of the abdominal and lumbar flexors and extensors of the fighter pilots with the angular velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s. The flexion and extension muscle peak torque, relative peak torque, flexion-extension ratio, and endurance ratio were compared among different age groups of pilots.Results:At the same angular velocity, the peak torque and relative peak torque of the lumbar and abdominal extensor muscles in fighter pilots were greater than those of the flexor muscles, with statistically significant differences ( t=7.01-9.13, all P<0.001). The peak torque and relative peak torque of the lumbar and abdominal flexor and extensor muscles significantly decreased with increasing test angular velocity ( t=13.63-17.25, all P<0.001). Under the angular velocity of 60°/s, there were no significant differences in the peak torque and relative peak torque of the flexor muscles among different age groups (both P>0.05); there were significant differences in the peak torque and relative peak torque of extensor muscles ( F=5.31, 6.61, P=0.008, 0.003) and 41-46 years groups were lower than the other 2 groups ( P=0.019, 0.003, 0.002, 0.004). Under an angular velocity of 180°/s, there were significant differences in the peak torque and relative peak torque of the waist and abdominal flexor and extensor muscles among different age groups ( F=3.82, 3.47, 3.83, 5.49, P=0.028, 0.043, 0.027, 0.008); the relative peak torque of the abdominal and lumbar flexor and extensor muscles in the 24-30 years group was higher than that in the 41-46 years group ( P=0.032, 0.006). The peak torque and the relative peak torque of the abdominal and lumbar flexor muscles in 31-40 years group were higher than those in 41-46 years group ( P=0.008, 0.013). The low qualification rate of peak torque ratio indicated the imbalance between flexor and extensor muscles and the poor endurance of abdominal and lumbar flexor and extensor muscles than that of flexor muscles. There was no statistically significant difference in the endurance ratio of the abdominal and lumbar flexor and extensor muscles among different age groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The balance between flexor and extensor muscles of waist and abdominal muscles should be paid more in fighter pilot′s fitness training. For the pilots older than 40 the training targeted to slow the muscles decline is necessary.

Purpose To explore the application value of clinical-ultrasound parameter model in secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT).Materials and Methods A total of 86 patients(134 lesions)with renal insufficiency who underwent maintenance hemodialysis in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University from October 2020 to August 2022 were included and divided into group 1 according to the level of parathyroid hormone(iPTH)(iPTH＜300 pg/ml),group 2(iPTH 300-800 pg/ml)and group 3(iPTH≥800 pg/ml),all patients underwent gray-scale parathyroid ultrasound and acoustic palpation tissue quantitative imaging examinations.The characteristics of glandular gray-scale ultrasound and virtual touch tissue imaging quantification parameters between different groups,combined with relevant clinical indicators,established a clinical-ultrasound parameter model,used multiple linear regression to analyze the correlation between the model and iPTH,explored the independent risk factors of iPTH,and evaluated this model to evaluate SHPT the value of.Results There were significant differences in dialysis age,phosphorus,alkaline phosphatase,serum creatinine,corrected calcium and phosphorus product,lesion size,number,echo,shear wave velocity(SWV)max,SWVcen,and SWVmean among the three groups(F/x2/H=6.396-53.524,all P＜0.05).Dialysis age,phosphorus,alkaline phosphatase,and SWVratio were independent influencing factors of iPTH level(β=0.514,0.422,0.226,-0.368,all P＜0.005).The area under the curve,sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the model for diagnosing SHPT and predicting surgical treatment with iPTH levels of 300 pg/ml and 800 pg/ml were 0.967,95.00％,100.00％,97.73％and 0.824,77.42％,71.43％and 90.00％,respectively.Conclusion Dialysis age,phosphorus,alkaline phosphatase and SWVratio are independent influencing factors of iPTH level,and the clinical-ultrasound parameter model is of great value in accurately assessing the severity of SHPT.

AIM: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-concentrations atropine eye drops in controlling adolescent myopia.METHODS:A computer search was conducted on Wanfang Data, CNKI, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases from January 2010 to March 2024 on clinical studies on low-concentration atropine eye drops for controlling adolescent myopia. Two researchers independently screened trials, extracted data, evaluated risk of bias and quality, and used Review Manager5.4 software to perform Meta-analysis.RESULTS:A total of 17 articles, involving 3 764 cases and 3 952 eyes, were included. The Meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, low concentrations of atropine could effectively slow down the growth of axial length [MD=-0.15, 95% CI(-0.20, -0.10), P<0.00001], significantly controlled the changes in spherical equivalent [MD=0.39, 95% CI(0.29, 0.48), P<0.00001], and had a significant effect on pupil diameter [MD=0.80, 95% CI(0.33,1.28), P=0.0010] and amplitude of accommodation [MD=-2.54, 95%CI(-4.49, -0.60), P=0.01].CONCLUSION:Low-concentrations atropine are effective in controlling spherical equivalent and axial length of myopia in adolescents, significantly affecting pupil diameter and amplitude of accommodation, and effectively delaying the progression of myopia.

Objective:To evaluate the role of O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase (OSGEP) in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) and the relationship with oxidative stress in mice.Methods:Experiment Ⅰ Twenty-four SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice, 12 wild-type and 12 OSGEP knockdown, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 18-22 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) by the random number table method: wild-type shamoperation group (Sham group), wild-type HIRI group (HIRI group), OSGEP knockdown+ sham operation group (Sham+ KD group) and OSGEP knockdown+ HIRI group (HIRI+ KD group). Ischemia-reperfusion model was prepared by blocking the hepatic artery and portal vein for 60 min followed by reperfusion in anesthetized animals, the blood vessels were only exposed without occlusion in Sham group and Sham+ KD group, and the blood vessels were clamped for 60 min followed by reperfusion in HIRI group and HIRI+ KD group. The mice were sacrificed after 6-h reperfusion to extract liver tissue samples for microscopic examination of histopathological changes (with an optical microscope after HE staining) which were evaluated using Suzuki score and for determination of the serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (using the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe method), contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione(GSH) in liver tissues (using a colorimetric method) and expression of OSGEP (using Western blot). Experiment Ⅱ The well-growing AML12 cells were divided into 4 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), oxygen-glucose deprivation/restoration (OGD/R) group, OGD/R+ OSGEP knockdown group (OGD/R+ KD group), and OGD/R+ OSGEP knockdown negative control group (OGD/R+ NC group). Group C was cultured under normal conditions. Group OGD/R was subjected to O 2-glucose deprivation for 6 h followed by restoration of O 2-glucose supply for 24 h in OGD/R group. In OGD/R+ KD group, stable transfection of AML12 cells with OSGEP knockdown was performed prior to the experiment, and the other procedures were the same as those previously described. The cell survival rate was measured by the CCK-8 assay, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured, the DCFH-DA method was used to detect the levels of ROS, and the contents of MDA and GSH were determined using a colorimetric method. Results:Experiment Ⅰ Compared with Sham group, the expression of OSGEP was significantly down-regulated, the serum concentrations of AST and ALT, Suzuki score, levels of ROS and content of MDA were increased, and the GSH content was decreased in HIRI group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in each parameter in Sham+ KD group ( P>0.05). Compared with HIRI group, the serum concentrations of AST and ALT, Suzuki score, levels of ROS and content of MDA were significantly increased, and the GSH content was decreased in HIRI+ KD group ( P<0.05). Experiment Ⅱ Compared with group C, the expression of OSGEP was significantly down-regulated, the cell survival rate and GSH content were decreased, and the release of LDH, levels of ROS and content of MDA were increased in group OGD/R ( P<0.05). Compared with OGD/R group, the cell survival rate and GSH content were significantly decreased, and the release of LDH, levels of ROS and content of MDA were increased in OGD/R+ KD group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in each parameter in OGD/R+ NC group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:OSGEP plays an endogenous protective role in HIRI by inhibiting oxidative stress in mice.

Objective:To provide theoretical basis for strength and endurance training of waist and abdominal muscles and prevention of waist injuries in fighter pilots by exploring the muscle strength and work characteristics of the waist and abdominal flexor and extensor muscles in fighter pilots.Methods:Sixty male fighter pilots who were qualified for flight in aeromedical assessment, aged 24-46 years old, were randomly selected and divided into 24-30, 31-40, 41-46 years group. The Isomed2000 isokinetic dynamometer system was applied to measure the muscle strength and work performance of the abdominal and lumbar flexors and extensors of the fighter pilots with the angular velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s. The flexion and extension muscle peak torque, relative peak torque, flexion-extension ratio, and endurance ratio were compared among different age groups of pilots.Results:At the same angular velocity, the peak torque and relative peak torque of the lumbar and abdominal extensor muscles in fighter pilots were greater than those of the flexor muscles, with statistically significant differences ( t=7.01-9.13, all P<0.001). The peak torque and relative peak torque of the lumbar and abdominal flexor and extensor muscles significantly decreased with increasing test angular velocity ( t=13.63-17.25, all P<0.001). Under the angular velocity of 60°/s, there were no significant differences in the peak torque and relative peak torque of the flexor muscles among different age groups (both P>0.05); there were significant differences in the peak torque and relative peak torque of extensor muscles ( F=5.31, 6.61, P=0.008, 0.003) and 41-46 years groups were lower than the other 2 groups ( P=0.019, 0.003, 0.002, 0.004). Under an angular velocity of 180°/s, there were significant differences in the peak torque and relative peak torque of the waist and abdominal flexor and extensor muscles among different age groups ( F=3.82, 3.47, 3.83, 5.49, P=0.028, 0.043, 0.027, 0.008); the relative peak torque of the abdominal and lumbar flexor and extensor muscles in the 24-30 years group was higher than that in the 41-46 years group ( P=0.032, 0.006). The peak torque and the relative peak torque of the abdominal and lumbar flexor muscles in 31-40 years group were higher than those in 41-46 years group ( P=0.008, 0.013). The low qualification rate of peak torque ratio indicated the imbalance between flexor and extensor muscles and the poor endurance of abdominal and lumbar flexor and extensor muscles than that of flexor muscles. There was no statistically significant difference in the endurance ratio of the abdominal and lumbar flexor and extensor muscles among different age groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The balance between flexor and extensor muscles of waist and abdominal muscles should be paid more in fighter pilot′s fitness training. For the pilots older than 40 the training targeted to slow the muscles decline is necessary.