ObjectiveTo establish background data for a 90-day feeding trial of SD rats to ensure the reliability of research data. MethodsBackground data from six independent 90-day feeding trials of SD rats conducted by the National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs from 2020 to 2023 were summarized. These studies involved a blank control group of 120 SPF-grade 4-week-old SD rats, with an equal number of males and females, which were only given standard full-nutrient pelleted rat feed. After the quarantine period, the animals were observed for an additional 90 days, followed by intraperitoneal injection of Zoletil (50 mg/mL) for anesthesia, blood sampling, euthanasia, and necropsy. By analyzing the data from the blank control group, a relevant background database for SD rats was established. ResultsBoth male and female rats exhibited steady weight gain, with a more pronounced increase in male rats. Within 90 days, the average body weight of male and female rats increased to over 500 g and 300 g, respectively. Three weeks later, the average daily food intake of male rats stabilized at approximately 25~28 g per rat, while that of female rats remained stable at approximately 16~19 g per rat. The food utilization rate of all animals gradually decreased from the first week of the experiment. In the white blood cell (WBC) differential count results, significant differences were observed in the counts of WBCs, neutrophils (Neut), lymphocytes (Lymph), and monocytes (Mono) between males and females (P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the percentages of neutrophil (%Neut), lymphocyte (%Lymph), and monocyte (%Mono) between the sexes (P>0.05). The average red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), platelet count (PLT), prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were higher in male animals than in female animals (P<0.05). The average values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose (GLU), and triglyceride (TG) in male rats were higher than those in female rats (P<0.05). The urinary pH range for male animals was 5.0 to 8.5, while for female animals it was 6.5 to 9.0. The majority of male animals had a urinary specific gravity lower than 1.020, and the majority of female animals had a urinary specific gravity lower than 1.015. The weights of various organs (excluding the adrenal glands and reproductive organs) in male animals were heavier than those in female animals (P<0.001), while the organ/body weight ratios (excluding the kidneys and reproductive organs) of female animals were higher than those of male animals (P<0.001). ConclusionThis study summarizes the background reference ranges for body weight, food intake, hematology, and serum biochemistry indicators in SPF-grade SD rats in the untreated control group from six 90-day feeding trials conducted by the National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs. It provides important reference data for related research. By summarizing the background and spontaneous histopathological changes in rats, this study aids in the standardization and normalization of subsequent research, as well as in the evaluation and analysis of abnormal results.

Objective:To investigate the differences and prognostic value of serum myeloid-related proteins 8 and 14 (Mrp 8/14) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by pulmonary and extrapulmonary sepsis.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect the general clinical data of septic ARDS patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2021 to February 2024. The serum levels of Mrp 8/14 were detected within 24 hours after admission. According to whether the patients died during ICU stay, the patients with pulmonary ARDS and extrapulmonary ARDS induced by sepsis were divided into survival and death groups, respectively. The differences of Mrp 8/14 and other clinical data between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the prognostic factors of septic patients with pulmonary ARDS and extrapulmonary ARDS. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the predictive value of serum Mrp 8/14 for the prognosis of patients with pulmonary ARDS and extrapulmonary ARDS.Results:A total of 138 patients with sepsis-induced ARDS were enrolled in this study, including 79 patients with pulmonary ARDS and 59 patients with extrapulmonary ARDS. Compared to the death group, the level of serum Mrp 8/14 was significantly lower [Mrp 8/14: 22.90 (17.91, 30.88) μg/mL vs. 10.73 (7.15, 17.20) μg/mL, P<0.05]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the serum Mrp 8/14 level was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of pulmonary ARDS patients only during the ICU stay ( OR=1.253, 95% CI: 1.110-1.414, P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of serum Mrp 8/14 for the prediction of death in ARDS patients with pulmonary sepsis during ICU stay was 0.855 (95% CI: 0.773-0.938, P<0.05), the cut-off value was 19.230 μg/mL, the sensitivity was 0.718, the specificity was 0.925, and the Yonden index was 0.405. Conclusion:Serum Mrp 8/14 is an effective prognostic indicator for the mortality of ARDS patients with pulmonary sepsis during ICU hospitalization.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide and significantly impacts patients'quality of life.With advancements in medical technology,treatment strategies for breast cancer are increasingly shifting toward precision and minimally invasive approaches.High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU),characterized by its non-invasive and non-ionizing nature,has been widely applied in the treatment of various benign and malignant tumors.HIFU holds great potential in breast cancer therapy,demonstrating significant antitumor effects in thermal ablation,chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and targeted therapy combinations.HIFU not only ablates tumor tissue and activates antitumor immune responses,but also,when combined with drugs,enhances therapeutic efficacy,promotes drug accumulation in tumor tissues,reduces side effects,and improves long-term outcomes.This article reviews the application of HIFU in the treatment of breast cancer,providing a reference for clinical practice and research.

Thyroid nodules (TNs) are defined as discrete lesions within the thyroid gland. Pregnancy, as a unique physiological stage, presents challenges for both clinicians and pregnant women when TNs are detected. Epidemiological studies have shown that the occurrence and development of TNs are closely related to hormonal changes during pregnancy, geographical location, and iodine intake. Thyroid ultrasonography is the best imaging method for evaluating TNs in pregnant women, which requires combined screening with serological diagnosis and multidisciplinary consultation (clinical endocrinologists, thyroid surgeons, and gynecologists, etc.) to discuss treatment indications, methods, and appropriate timing. Meanwhile, monitoring and follow-up during pregnancy should be conducted to assess the prognosis of both the mother and the fetus. This article focuses on reviewing the relevant research progress of TNs during pregnancy, and provides references for diagnosis, intervention, and treatment of TNs in the gestational period.

Objective:To explore effect of Astragalus polysaccharides(APS)through TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway on intesti-nal immune inflammation of rats with dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency syndrome based on fecal microbiota transplantation.Methods:Rats with dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency syndrome were fed with high-fat and low-protein diet and subjected to exhaustive swimming,transplant flora microbiota after intervention of APS.General condition,changes in weight gain,time of weight exhaustion swimming,spleen index and thymus index were tested.Pathological manifestations of duodenal tissue inflammation were observed by HE staining.Serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations of rats were determined by ELISA.Protein levels of TLR4,NF-κB p65 and IκBα in colon were determined by Western blot.Results:Compared with model group,general condition rating,changes in weight gain and time of weight exhaustion swimming in APS-FTG group were increased significantly(P<0.01);spleen index and thymus index were increased;pathological manifestations of duodenal inflammation were significantly relieved;serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were decreased significantly(P<0.01),TLR4 and NF-κB p65 levels in colon were decreased significantly(P<0.05 and P<0.01),IκBα level was in colon increased significantly(P<0.01).Conclusion:APS improves intestinal microbiota of rats with dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency syndrome and inhibits TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation through intestinal flora,thus improving intestinal immune inflammation status in rats with dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency syndrome.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide and significantly impacts patients'quality of life.With advancements in medical technology,treatment strategies for breast cancer are increasingly shifting toward precision and minimally invasive approaches.High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU),characterized by its non-invasive and non-ionizing nature,has been widely applied in the treatment of various benign and malignant tumors.HIFU holds great potential in breast cancer therapy,demonstrating significant antitumor effects in thermal ablation,chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and targeted therapy combinations.HIFU not only ablates tumor tissue and activates antitumor immune responses,but also,when combined with drugs,enhances therapeutic efficacy,promotes drug accumulation in tumor tissues,reduces side effects,and improves long-term outcomes.This article reviews the application of HIFU in the treatment of breast cancer,providing a reference for clinical practice and research.

Objective:To explore effect of Astragalus polysaccharides(APS)through TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway on intesti-nal immune inflammation of rats with dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency syndrome based on fecal microbiota transplantation.Methods:Rats with dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency syndrome were fed with high-fat and low-protein diet and subjected to exhaustive swimming,transplant flora microbiota after intervention of APS.General condition,changes in weight gain,time of weight exhaustion swimming,spleen index and thymus index were tested.Pathological manifestations of duodenal tissue inflammation were observed by HE staining.Serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations of rats were determined by ELISA.Protein levels of TLR4,NF-κB p65 and IκBα in colon were determined by Western blot.Results:Compared with model group,general condition rating,changes in weight gain and time of weight exhaustion swimming in APS-FTG group were increased significantly(P<0.01);spleen index and thymus index were increased;pathological manifestations of duodenal inflammation were significantly relieved;serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were decreased significantly(P<0.01),TLR4 and NF-κB p65 levels in colon were decreased significantly(P<0.05 and P<0.01),IκBα level was in colon increased significantly(P<0.01).Conclusion:APS improves intestinal microbiota of rats with dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency syndrome and inhibits TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation through intestinal flora,thus improving intestinal immune inflammation status in rats with dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency syndrome.

Thyroid nodules (TNs) are defined as discrete lesions within the thyroid gland. Pregnancy, as a unique physiological stage, presents challenges for both clinicians and pregnant women when TNs are detected. Epidemiological studies have shown that the occurrence and development of TNs are closely related to hormonal changes during pregnancy, geographical location, and iodine intake. Thyroid ultrasonography is the best imaging method for evaluating TNs in pregnant women, which requires combined screening with serological diagnosis and multidisciplinary consultation (clinical endocrinologists, thyroid surgeons, and gynecologists, etc.) to discuss treatment indications, methods, and appropriate timing. Meanwhile, monitoring and follow-up during pregnancy should be conducted to assess the prognosis of both the mother and the fetus. This article focuses on reviewing the relevant research progress of TNs during pregnancy, and provides references for diagnosis, intervention, and treatment of TNs in the gestational period.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the imaging manifestations and pathological classification of congeni-tal cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung(CCAM).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and radiologic data of nine patients with pathologically confirmed CCAM,and all data were compared with Stocker pathological classification,respec-tively.Results The CT images of all nine patients demonstrated cysts filled with either gas or fluid,which corresponded exactly with their gross pathological outcomes.Four cases of large cystic CCAM(cyst diameter exceeding 2 cm)were consistent with Stocker type Ⅰ.CT findings showed single or multiple capsular cavities occupying the thoracic cavity,with gas or fluid mainly in the cyst.Two cases exhibited mass effect and expansion of the involved lung lobes,while two cases showed localized decreased density around the lesion.The pathological features of these large cystic CCAM included single or multiple thick-walled cysts,with pseudostratified ciliated colum-nar epithelium lining the cyst lumen observed under microscopy.The other five cases of small cystic CCAM(cyst diameter less than 2 cm)matched Stocker type Ⅱ.CT findings showed multiple thin-walled cellular cysts confined to a single lung lobe,and none of these patients had significant mass effect or expansion of the involved lung lobes.Pathologically,these cases were characterized by multiple small cysts with septa,and the cysts were primarily lined with ciliated columnar or cuboidal epithelium upon microscopy.Conclusion CT imaging of CCAM has specific manifestations,with accurately displaying the distribution range and morphological characteristics of the lesions and reflecting the internal histological characteristics.There is a significant correlation between the CT manifestations of CCAM and their pathological classification.

Objective To summarize the experience of integrative palliative care at Peking Union Medi-cal College Hospital and provide a reference for promoting the integrative palliative care model.Methods Twenty cases receiving integrative palliative care at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were collected.The clinical characteristics,reasons for initiating integrative palliative care,the process of integrative palliative care,and feedback from these cases were summarized.Results Insomnia(11 cases,55％)and pain(9 cases,45％)were the most common symptoms requiring control in the 20 cases.The integrative palliative care team assisted in medical decision-making for 17 cases(85％),prepared end-of-life for 9 cases(45％),assisted in the transfer for 3 cases(15％),and provided comfort care for all the 20 cases(100％).Conclusions The integrative palliative care model can help alleviate suffering in end-of-life patients and provide support to patients'families and the original medical teams.This model is worth further promotion within class A tertiary hospitals.