Oral diseases, such as periodontitis, salivary gland diseases, and oral cancers, significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions, pronunciation, and esthetic demands. Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients' prognosis and quality of life. The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine. Exosomes, which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles, are secreted by virtually all types of cells. As the research continues, the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded. Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases, focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas. We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis, highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases. We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.
Humans ; Exosomes ; Quality of Life ; Extracellular Vesicles ; Biomarkers ; Cell Communication ; Mouth Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE To explore the renal protective mechanism of Shenbining granules on IgA nephropathy （IgAN） rats based on mitochondrial quality control system. METHODS IgAN rat model was established by the method of “bovine serum albumin+carbon tetrachloride+lipopolysaccharide”. The model rats were randomly divided into model group， prednisone acetate group （6.25 mg/kg）， Shenbining equal-dose group （4.1 g/kg） and Shenbining high-dose group （20.5 g/kg）. The normal rats were taken as the normal control group， with 12 rats in each group. Rats were given corresponding drugs or distilled water intragastrically in each group， once a day， for 4 consecutive weeks. After the last medication， the 24 h total urinary protein （24 h- UTP） and erythrocyte count in urine were determined， and the levels of serum creatinine （Scr）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， albumin （ALB） and alanine transaminase （ALT） were also detected. The histopathological changes in the kidneys and changes in IgA deposition in the mesangial area of the kidney were observed. mRNA and protein expression levels of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 （PINK1）， E3 ubiquitin ligase（Parkin）， microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3 （LC3）， dynamin-related protein 1 （Drp1） and mitofusin 2 （Mfn2） were detected in the kidney tissues of rats. RESULTS Compared with model group， 24 h-UTP， urinary erythrocyte count， ALT， BUN and Scr levels， LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ mRNA ratio， mRNA and protein expressions of Drp1 were reduced significantly in prednisone acetate group， Shenbining equal-dose group and Shenbining high-dose group （P＜0.05）； ALB level， LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein ratio， mRNA and protein expressions of PINK1， Parkin and Mfn2 were increased significantly （P＜0.05）； the pathological morphology of kidney tissue in rats was significantly improved， and IgA deposition was significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS Shenbining granule may reduce renal pathological injury in IgAN rats and protect renal function by activating the PINK1/Parkin pathway， enhancing mitochondrial autophagy， and correcting mitochondrial kinetic disorders.

Oral diseases,such as periodontitis,salivary gland diseases,and oral cancers,significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions,pronunciation,and esthetic demands.Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients'prognosis and quality of life.The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine.Exosomes,which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles,are secreted by virtually all types of cells.As the research continues,the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded.Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases,focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas.We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis,highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases.We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.

Oral diseases,such as periodontitis,salivary gland diseases,and oral cancers,significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions,pronunciation,and esthetic demands.Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients'prognosis and quality of life.The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine.Exosomes,which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles,are secreted by virtually all types of cells.As the research continues,the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded.Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases,focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas.We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis,highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases.We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.

Oral diseases,such as periodontitis,salivary gland diseases,and oral cancers,significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions,pronunciation,and esthetic demands.Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients'prognosis and quality of life.The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine.Exosomes,which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles,are secreted by virtually all types of cells.As the research continues,the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded.Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases,focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas.We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis,highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases.We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.

Oral diseases,such as periodontitis,salivary gland diseases,and oral cancers,significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions,pronunciation,and esthetic demands.Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients'prognosis and quality of life.The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine.Exosomes,which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles,are secreted by virtually all types of cells.As the research continues,the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded.Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases,focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas.We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis,highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases.We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.

Oral diseases,such as periodontitis,salivary gland diseases,and oral cancers,significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions,pronunciation,and esthetic demands.Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients'prognosis and quality of life.The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine.Exosomes,which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles,are secreted by virtually all types of cells.As the research continues,the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded.Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases,focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas.We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis,highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases.We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.

Oral diseases,such as periodontitis,salivary gland diseases,and oral cancers,significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions,pronunciation,and esthetic demands.Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients'prognosis and quality of life.The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine.Exosomes,which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles,are secreted by virtually all types of cells.As the research continues,the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded.Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases,focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas.We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis,highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases.We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.

Oral diseases,such as periodontitis,salivary gland diseases,and oral cancers,significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions,pronunciation,and esthetic demands.Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients'prognosis and quality of life.The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine.Exosomes,which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles,are secreted by virtually all types of cells.As the research continues,the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded.Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases,focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas.We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis,highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases.We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.

Oral diseases,such as periodontitis,salivary gland diseases,and oral cancers,significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions,pronunciation,and esthetic demands.Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients'prognosis and quality of life.The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine.Exosomes,which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles,are secreted by virtually all types of cells.As the research continues,the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded.Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases,focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas.We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis,highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases.We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.