Objective To explore the mechanism of IgA nephropathy(IgAN)caused by multi-glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii(GTW)through the regulation of Silent information regulatory factor 1(SIRT 1)/nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf 2)/antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)signaling pathway.Methods Forty-five male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into two groups:the blank group(n=9)and the model group(n=36).In addition to the blank group,the BSA+CCl4+LPS group was used.At the end of 12 weeks,two rats were randomly selected for verification,and the model was successfully established.The 34 model rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:the model group(n=10),prednisone group(n=12),and GTW group(n=12).Urine,blood and kidney tissues were harvested 4 weeks after drug administration.Urinary erythrocyte number,24-h urinary protein quantification(24 h-UTP),alanine transaminase(ALT),serum albumin(ALB),urea nitrogen(BUN),and blood creatinine(SCr)were performed for each group;the protein expression of SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1 and PINK1 was detected by Western blotting analysis;real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)detection of SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1 and PINK1 mRNA expression in rat kidney tissue;and detection of IgA deposition in the renal mesangial area by immunofluorescence.Kidney histopathological changes were observed in all the rats by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Results The results compared with those in the blank group,the urinary red blood cell count and 24 h-UTP,ALT,BUN,and SCr levels were significantly greater(P<0.01);The ALB level was significantly lower(P<0.01);renal tissue SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1,PINK1 protein and mRNA expression were significantly lower(P<0.01);IgA deposition in the mesentery was obvious;renal pathological damage was severe;and the difference was statistically significant. Compared with those in the model group,urinary red blood cell counts and 24 h-UTP,ALT,BUN,and SCr levels in the prednisone and GTW groups were significantly lower (P<0.01);ALB levels were significantly greater (P<0.01);SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1,PINK1 protein and mRNA expression were significantly greater (P<0.01);IgA deposition in the mesangial area was reduced,and renal pathology was improved,with statistically significant difference. Conclusions GTW may alleviate oxidative stress injury,protect renal function,and improve renal injury by activating the SIRT 1/Nrf 2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the mechanism of IgA nephropathy(IgAN)caused by multi-glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii(GTW)through the regulation of Silent information regulatory factor 1(SIRT 1)/nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf 2)/antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)signaling pathway.Methods Forty-five male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into two groups:the blank group(n=9)and the model group(n=36).In addition to the blank group,the BSA+CCl4+LPS group was used.At the end of 12 weeks,two rats were randomly selected for verification,and the model was successfully established.The 34 model rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:the model group(n=10),prednisone group(n=12),and GTW group(n=12).Urine,blood and kidney tissues were harvested 4 weeks after drug administration.Urinary erythrocyte number,24-h urinary protein quantification(24 h-UTP),alanine transaminase(ALT),serum albumin(ALB),urea nitrogen(BUN),and blood creatinine(SCr)were performed for each group;the protein expression of SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1 and PINK1 was detected by Western blotting analysis;real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)detection of SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1 and PINK1 mRNA expression in rat kidney tissue;and detection of IgA deposition in the renal mesangial area by immunofluorescence.Kidney histopathological changes were observed in all the rats by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Results The results compared with those in the blank group,the urinary red blood cell count and 24 h-UTP,ALT,BUN,and SCr levels were significantly greater(P<0.01);The ALB level was significantly lower(P<0.01);renal tissue SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1,PINK1 protein and mRNA expression were significantly lower(P<0.01);IgA deposition in the mesentery was obvious;renal pathological damage was severe;and the difference was statistically significant. Compared with those in the model group,urinary red blood cell counts and 24 h-UTP,ALT,BUN,and SCr levels in the prednisone and GTW groups were significantly lower (P<0.01);ALB levels were significantly greater (P<0.01);SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1,PINK1 protein and mRNA expression were significantly greater (P<0.01);IgA deposition in the mesangial area was reduced,and renal pathology was improved,with statistically significant difference. Conclusions GTW may alleviate oxidative stress injury,protect renal function,and improve renal injury by activating the SIRT 1/Nrf 2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

A 37-year-old female patient received an IV infusion of iron sucrose injection 200 mg dissolved in 250 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride injection for ectopic pregnancy and mild anemia. About 3 minutes of infusion, the patient suddenly developed laryngeal discomfort and irritating cough. Her symptoms worsened rapidly, dyspnea and cyanosis appeared, oxygen saturation decreased to 0.87, blood pressure was 87/56 mmHg, and heart rate was 121 beats/min. Laryngeal edema induced by iron sucrose injection was considered. Iron sucrose was discontinued immediately, oxygen inhalation and a total dose of dexamethasone 20 mg by IV infusion or IV injection were given. The patient′s symptoms gradually improved. Two hours later, her vital signs were stable and the symptoms disappeared.

A 37-year-old female patient received an IV infusion of iron sucrose injection 200 mg dissolved in 250 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride injection for ectopic pregnancy and mild anemia. About 3 minutes of infusion, the patient suddenly developed laryngeal discomfort and irritating cough. Her symptoms worsened rapidly, dyspnea and cyanosis appeared, oxygen saturation decreased to 0.87, blood pressure was 87/56 mmHg, and heart rate was 121 beats/min. Laryngeal edema induced by iron sucrose injection was considered. Iron sucrose was discontinued immediately, oxygen inhalation and a total dose of dexamethasone 20 mg by IV infusion or IV injection were given. The patient′s symptoms gradually improved. Two hours later, her vital signs were stable and the symptoms disappeared.

Objective:To establish a TLC identification method for three medicinal ingredients and a GC method for the content determination of metnthol in Baihua Dingchuan tablets. Methods:Citrus Reticulata, Ephedra Sinica and Schisandra Chinensis were i-dentified by TLC. GC was used to determine the content of menthol in Baihua Dingchuan tablets. The chromatographic conditions were as follows:a DM-5 capillary column(30 m × 0. 53 mm, 1. 5 μm) was adopted. The injection port temperature was 200℃. An FID was used as the detector and the temperature was 300℃. The temperature program was as follows:the initial column temperature was 80℃, and then rose to 120℃ at the rate of 8 ℃· min-1 , finally rose to 185 ℃ at the rate of 15 ℃· min-1 and maintained for 10 min. The carrier gas was nitrogen and the flow rate was 3. 0 ml·min-1 . The sample size was 1 μl. Split injection was performed with the diversion ratio of 1 :5. Results: The three traditional Chinese medicines could be identified by TLC. The content of menthol showed a good linear relationship within the range of 1. 484-74. 200μg · ml-1 ( r =0. 9998 ) by GC. The average recovery was 97. 76% RSD=0 . 58%(n=9). Conclusion:The methods are specific and simple with good reproducibility. They can be used for the quality control of Baihua Dingchuan tablets.

Objective:To establish a TLC identification method for three medicinal ingredients and a GC method for the content determination of metnthol in Baihua Dingchuan tablets. Methods:Citrus Reticulata, Ephedra Sinica and Schisandra Chinensis were i-dentified by TLC. GC was used to determine the content of menthol in Baihua Dingchuan tablets. The chromatographic conditions were as follows:a DM-5 capillary column(30 m × 0. 53 mm, 1. 5 μm) was adopted. The injection port temperature was 200℃. An FID was used as the detector and the temperature was 300℃. The temperature program was as follows:the initial column temperature was 80℃, and then rose to 120℃ at the rate of 8 ℃· min-1 , finally rose to 185 ℃ at the rate of 15 ℃· min-1 and maintained for 10 min. The carrier gas was nitrogen and the flow rate was 3. 0 ml·min-1 . The sample size was 1 μl. Split injection was performed with the diversion ratio of 1 :5. Results: The three traditional Chinese medicines could be identified by TLC. The content of menthol showed a good linear relationship within the range of 1. 484-74. 200μg · ml-1 ( r =0. 9998 ) by GC. The average recovery was 97. 76% RSD=0 . 58%(n=9). Conclusion:The methods are specific and simple with good reproducibility. They can be used for the quality control of Baihua Dingchuan tablets.