BACKGROUND:Bone tissue loss caused by tumors and trauma can have an adverse effect on postoperative rehabilitation.Therefore,scaffold materials are usually implanted during treatment.However,the existing implant materials are relatively simple and lack antibacterial properties.Early implantation may lead to iatrogenic autoinfection and have an adverse effect on osteogenesis.OBJECTIVE:To construct a KR-12-a5 polypeptide-nanohydroxyapatite-small intestinal submucosa composite scaffold and evaluate its feasibility as a material for promoting bone defect repair.METHODS:The small intestinal submucosa scaffold and the small intestinal submucosa scaffold containing 25,50,and 100 mg/mL nanohydroxyapatite(referred to as nHA-SIS scaffold)were prepared by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide cross-linking method.The appropriate scaffold was screened for subsequent experiments by mechanical property testing.The antibacterial properties of KR-12-a5 polypeptide solution against Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus gordonii,and Fusobacterium nucleatum were detected.The nHA-SIS scaffolds were immersed in 250,500,and 1 000 μg/mL KR-12-a5 peptide solutions for 24 hours,and then freeze-dried to obtain peptide-loaded nanohydroxyapatite-porcine small intestinal submucosa composite scaffolds(denoted as P-nHA-SIS scaffolds).The sustained-release properties of the three groups of scaffolds were characterized.The nHA-SIS scaffolds and the three groups of P-nHA-SIS scaffolds were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus gordonii,and Fusobacterium nucleatum for 24 hours or 48 hours.The scaffolds with strong antibacterial ability were screened by live and dead bacteria staining and scanning electron microscopy for subsequent experiments.The degradation properties and water absorption rates of the uncross-linked small intestinal submucosa scaffolds,cross-linked small intestinal submucosa scaffolds,nHA-SIS scaffolds,and P-nHA-SIS scaffolds were characterized.The extracts of cross-linked small intestinal submucosal scaffolds,nHA-SIS scaffolds,and P-nHA-SIS scaffolds were co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells.CCK-8 assay and live-dead cell staining were performed.The effects of the extracts of the three scaffolds on the migration of MC3T3-E1 cells were detected by Transwell chamber assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The elastic modulus and compressive strength of 25,50,and 100 mg/mL nHA-SIS scaffolds were higher than those of small intestinal submucosal scaffolds(P＜0.05),among which the elastic modulus and compressive strength of 25 mg/mL nHA-SIS scaffolds were the highest,and this group of scaffolds were selected for subsequent experiments to load peptides.(2)KR-12-a5 peptide had strong antibacterial activity against common bacteria in bone defects(Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus gordonii,and Fusobacterium nucleatum).The three groups of P-nHA-SIS scaffolds all had sustained release properties.With the increase of peptide mass concentration,the antibacterial property of P-nHA-SIS scaffold was enhanced.Among them,the P-nHA-SIS scaffold loaded with 500 μg/mL peptide had achieved a satisfactory antibacterial effect,and this group of scaffolds would be selected in the future.(3)The degradation rate of the three groups of cross-linked scaffolds was lower than that of the uncross-linked scaffolds,and the water absorption rate was greater than that of the uncross-linked scaffolds.P-nHA-SIS scaffolds could promote the proliferation and migration of MC3T3-E1 cells without affecting the activity of MC3T3-E1 cells.(4)The results show that P-nHA-SIS scaffolds have strong antibacterial properties and the ability to promote the proliferation and migration of MC3T3-E1 cells,and are expected to be used in bone defect repair.

BACKGROUND:Bone tissue loss caused by tumors and trauma can have an adverse effect on postoperative rehabilitation.Therefore,scaffold materials are usually implanted during treatment.However,the existing implant materials are relatively simple and lack antibacterial properties.Early implantation may lead to iatrogenic autoinfection and have an adverse effect on osteogenesis.OBJECTIVE:To construct a KR-12-a5 polypeptide-nanohydroxyapatite-small intestinal submucosa composite scaffold and evaluate its feasibility as a material for promoting bone defect repair.METHODS:The small intestinal submucosa scaffold and the small intestinal submucosa scaffold containing 25,50,and 100 mg/mL nanohydroxyapatite(referred to as nHA-SIS scaffold)were prepared by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide cross-linking method.The appropriate scaffold was screened for subsequent experiments by mechanical property testing.The antibacterial properties of KR-12-a5 polypeptide solution against Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus gordonii,and Fusobacterium nucleatum were detected.The nHA-SIS scaffolds were immersed in 250,500,and 1 000 μg/mL KR-12-a5 peptide solutions for 24 hours,and then freeze-dried to obtain peptide-loaded nanohydroxyapatite-porcine small intestinal submucosa composite scaffolds(denoted as P-nHA-SIS scaffolds).The sustained-release properties of the three groups of scaffolds were characterized.The nHA-SIS scaffolds and the three groups of P-nHA-SIS scaffolds were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus gordonii,and Fusobacterium nucleatum for 24 hours or 48 hours.The scaffolds with strong antibacterial ability were screened by live and dead bacteria staining and scanning electron microscopy for subsequent experiments.The degradation properties and water absorption rates of the uncross-linked small intestinal submucosa scaffolds,cross-linked small intestinal submucosa scaffolds,nHA-SIS scaffolds,and P-nHA-SIS scaffolds were characterized.The extracts of cross-linked small intestinal submucosal scaffolds,nHA-SIS scaffolds,and P-nHA-SIS scaffolds were co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells.CCK-8 assay and live-dead cell staining were performed.The effects of the extracts of the three scaffolds on the migration of MC3T3-E1 cells were detected by Transwell chamber assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The elastic modulus and compressive strength of 25,50,and 100 mg/mL nHA-SIS scaffolds were higher than those of small intestinal submucosal scaffolds(P＜0.05),among which the elastic modulus and compressive strength of 25 mg/mL nHA-SIS scaffolds were the highest,and this group of scaffolds were selected for subsequent experiments to load peptides.(2)KR-12-a5 peptide had strong antibacterial activity against common bacteria in bone defects(Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus gordonii,and Fusobacterium nucleatum).The three groups of P-nHA-SIS scaffolds all had sustained release properties.With the increase of peptide mass concentration,the antibacterial property of P-nHA-SIS scaffold was enhanced.Among them,the P-nHA-SIS scaffold loaded with 500 μg/mL peptide had achieved a satisfactory antibacterial effect,and this group of scaffolds would be selected in the future.(3)The degradation rate of the three groups of cross-linked scaffolds was lower than that of the uncross-linked scaffolds,and the water absorption rate was greater than that of the uncross-linked scaffolds.P-nHA-SIS scaffolds could promote the proliferation and migration of MC3T3-E1 cells without affecting the activity of MC3T3-E1 cells.(4)The results show that P-nHA-SIS scaffolds have strong antibacterial properties and the ability to promote the proliferation and migration of MC3T3-E1 cells,and are expected to be used in bone defect repair.

This study was aimed at preliminarily assessing the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI)among cattle farming and slaughterhouse workers across Wuxue,Xianning,and Yichang Cities in Hubei Province,and exploring associated risk factors.Data on cattle farming and slaughterhouse workers were gathered via a questionnaire.LTBI detection was performed with a tu-berculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay,and influencing factors were subsequently analyzed.The LTBI prevalence among cattle farming and slaughterhouse personnel in the three cities was 30.50%,and a higher rate was observed in slaughterhouse workers(39.01%)than cattle farmers(21.63%)(P<0.01).Multifactor analysis indicated that working in slaughterhouses(95%CI:1.582-3.878),having a history of tuberculosis(95%CI:1.377-25.057)or BCG vaccination(95%CI:1.229-3.285),and having a college education or above(95%CI:0.303-0.859)were significant factors influencing LTBI positivity in these personnel.Having more than 30 years of work experience(95%CI:1.303-18.782)was a risk factor for personnel at cattle breeding farms.Among slaugh-terhouse personnel,having a college education or above(95%CI:0.164-0.894),11-20 years of work experience(95%CI:0.122-0.994),or a history of tuberculosis(95%CI:1.661-64.397);performing logistics work(95%CI:3.234-126.424);and working in slaughter-related positions(95%CI:1.209-19.639)were associated with LTBI positivity.Therefore,the slaughterhouse workers in the three cities had higher LTBI rates than the cattle farming workers,thus underscoring the need for increased attention to personnel in logistics and slaughter-related positions.

Objective To explore the mechanism of malt alcohol extract improving depression-like behavior induced by CUMS in rats by regulating gut microbiota.Methods The depression model of rats was established using an 8-weeks CUMS procedure,and the administration group was given low(59.6 mg·kg-1)and high(178.8 mg·kg-1)doses of malt alcohol extract,respectively.The depression-like behavior of rats was evaluated by classic behavioral test.The composition of intestinal microbiota of rats was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing.The morphological changes of colon were observed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE),the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin in colon was detected by immunofluorescence(IF),and the expression of IL-10,IL-1βand 5-HT were detected by ELISA.Results The low dose of malt alcohol extract attenuated the depressive behavior and restored the expression of 5-HT in the brain of CUMS rats.16S rRNA sequencing results showed that the diversity and relative abundance of gut microbiota changed after treatment with the low dose of malt alcohol extract.ELISA results showed that the low dose of malt alcohol extract significantly reversed the CUMS-induced reduction of IL-10 and elevation of IL-1 β.HE results showed that the low dose of malt alcohol extract significantly ameliorated CUMS-induced structural damage in colon.IF results showed increased protain expression of intestinal epithelial barrier tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin by the low dose of malt alcohol extract.Conclusion The low dose of malt alcohol extract can ameliorate CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior in rats by modulating intestinal flora,restoring 5-HT expression in the brain,inhibiting inflammation,and repairing the intestinal barrier.

[Purpose]To analyze the survival rate of breast cancer in Qidong City of Jiangsu Province from 1972 to 2019 and to predict the trend in the next 10 years.[Methods]The data of breast cancer collected from Qidong Cancer Registry from 1972 to 2019 were extracted.Observed survival rate(OSR),relative survival rate(RSR),age-adjusted relative survival(ARS)and average annual percentage change(AAPC)of breast cancer were calculated.ARIMA model was used to predict the trend of breast cancer survival rate.[Results]The 5-year RSR increased from 57.30％during 1972-1977 to 89.01％during 2014-2019,and the uptrend of RSR in the 8 periods was statistically significant(P＜0.001).The 5-year ARS increased from 48.12％during 1972-1977 to 85.64％during 2014-2019 with an AAPC of 1.85％(t=10.113,P＜0.001).The 5-year RSR during 1972-2019 for males was 85.22％,and for females was 74.51％.For females,the 5-year RSR in-creased from 56.44％during 1972-1977 to 88.93％during 2014-2019 with an AAPC of 1.29％(t=13.087,P＜0.001),and the 5-year ARS increased from 46.14％during 1972-1977 to 85.23％during 2014-2019 with an AAPC of 1.90％(t=10.369,P＜0.001).The 5-year RSR in the age groups of 25～34,35～44,45～54,55～64,65～74,and over 75 years old were 66.91％,74.69％,76.97％,75.52％,73.44％and 66.40％,respectively;the corresponding AAPCs of 5-RSR in above age groups were 1.02％(t=3.816,P=0.009),1.03％(t=4.936,P=0.003),1.23％(t=5.826,P=0.001),1.86％(t=5.997,P=0.001),2.13％(t=10.245,P＜0.001),and 1.44％(t=6.405,P=0.001),respectively.ARIMA modeling of survival trend prediction showed that 5-RSR and 5-ARS for breast cancer will be ascended to 98.76％and 98.33％by 2028,respectively.[Conclusion]The overall survival rate of registered breast cancer cases in Qidong City has been greatly improved and will be further improved in the future,more attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of common pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods The bacterial strains isolated from CSF were identified in accordance with clinical microbiology practice standards.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems per the unified CHINET protocol.Results A total of 14 014 bacterial strains were isolated from CSF samples from 2015 to 2021,including the strains isolated from inpatients(95.3％)and from outpatient and emergency care patients(4.7％).Overall,19.6％of the isolates were from children and 80.4％were from adults.Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.0％and 32.0％,respectively.Coagulase negative Staphylococcus accounted for 73.0％of the total Gram-positive bacterial isolates.The prevalence of MRSA was 38.2％in children and 45.6％in adults.The prevalence of MRCNS was 67.6％in adults and 69.5％in children.A small number of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium(2.2％)and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis(3.1％)were isolated from adult patients.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone were 52.2％and 76.4％in children,70.5％and 63.5％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli and K.pneumoniae(CRKP)was 1.3％and 47.7％in children,6.4％and 47.9％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)was 74.0％and 37.1％in children,81.7％and 39.9％in adults.Conclusions The data derived from antimicrobial resistance surveillance are crucial for clinicians to make evidence-based decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.Attention should be paid to the Gram-negative bacteria,especially CRKP and CRAB in central nervous system(CNS)infections.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for optimizing antibiotic use in CNS infections.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates from elderly patients(≥65 years)in major medical institutions across China.Methods Bacterial strains were isolated from elderly patients in 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program during the period from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method and automated systems according to the same CHINET protocol.The data were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021.Results A total of 514 715 nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected from elderly patients in 52 hospitals from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021.The number of isolates accounted for 34.3％of the total number of clinical isolates from all patients.Overall,21.8％of the 514 715 strains were gram-positive bacteria,and 78.2％were gram-negative bacteria.Majority(90.9％)of the strains were isolated from inpatients.About 42.9％of the strains were isolated from respiratory specimens,and 22.9％were isolated from urine.More than half(60.7％)of the strains were isolated from male patients,and 39.3％isolated from females.About 51.1％of the strains were isolated from patients aged 65-＜75 years.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains(MRSA)was 38.8％in 32 190 strains of Staphylococcus aureus.No vancomycin-or linezolid-resistant strains were found.The resistance rate of E.faecalis to most antibiotics was significantly lower than that of Enterococcus faecium,but a few vancomycin-resistant strains(0.2％,1.5％)and linezolid-resistant strains(3.4％,0.3％)were found in E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae(PSSP),penicillin-intermediate S.pneumoniae(PISP),and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae(PRSP)was 94.3％,4.0％,and 1.7％in nonmeningitis S.pneumoniae isolates.The resistance rates of Klebsiella spp.(Klebsiella pneumoniae 93.2％)to imipenem and meropenem were 20.9％and 22.3％,respectively.Other Enterobacterales species were highly sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics.Only 1.7％-7.8％of other Enterobacterales strains were resistant to carbapenems.The resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp.(Acinetobacter baumannii 90.6％)to imipenem and meropenem were 68.4％and 70.6％respectively,while 28.5％and 24.3％of P.aeruginosa strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Conclusions The number of clinical isolates from elderly patients is increasing year by year,especially in the 65-＜75 age group.Respiratory tract isolates were more prevalent in male elderly patients,and urinary tract isolates were more prevalent in female elderly patients.Klebsiella isolates were increasingly resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents,especially carbapenems.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for accurate empirical antimicrobial therapy in elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of common pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods The bacterial strains isolated from CSF were identified in accordance with clinical microbiology practice standards.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems per the unified CHINET protocol.Results A total of 14 014 bacterial strains were isolated from CSF samples from 2015 to 2021,including the strains isolated from inpatients(95.3％)and from outpatient and emergency care patients(4.7％).Overall,19.6％of the isolates were from children and 80.4％were from adults.Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.0％and 32.0％,respectively.Coagulase negative Staphylococcus accounted for 73.0％of the total Gram-positive bacterial isolates.The prevalence of MRSA was 38.2％in children and 45.6％in adults.The prevalence of MRCNS was 67.6％in adults and 69.5％in children.A small number of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium(2.2％)and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis(3.1％)were isolated from adult patients.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone were 52.2％and 76.4％in children,70.5％and 63.5％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli and K.pneumoniae(CRKP)was 1.3％and 47.7％in children,6.4％and 47.9％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)was 74.0％and 37.1％in children,81.7％and 39.9％in adults.Conclusions The data derived from antimicrobial resistance surveillance are crucial for clinicians to make evidence-based decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.Attention should be paid to the Gram-negative bacteria,especially CRKP and CRAB in central nervous system(CNS)infections.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for optimizing antibiotic use in CNS infections.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates from elderly patients(≥65 years)in major medical institutions across China.Methods Bacterial strains were isolated from elderly patients in 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program during the period from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method and automated systems according to the same CHINET protocol.The data were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021.Results A total of 514 715 nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected from elderly patients in 52 hospitals from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021.The number of isolates accounted for 34.3％of the total number of clinical isolates from all patients.Overall,21.8％of the 514 715 strains were gram-positive bacteria,and 78.2％were gram-negative bacteria.Majority(90.9％)of the strains were isolated from inpatients.About 42.9％of the strains were isolated from respiratory specimens,and 22.9％were isolated from urine.More than half(60.7％)of the strains were isolated from male patients,and 39.3％isolated from females.About 51.1％of the strains were isolated from patients aged 65-＜75 years.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains(MRSA)was 38.8％in 32 190 strains of Staphylococcus aureus.No vancomycin-or linezolid-resistant strains were found.The resistance rate of E.faecalis to most antibiotics was significantly lower than that of Enterococcus faecium,but a few vancomycin-resistant strains(0.2％,1.5％)and linezolid-resistant strains(3.4％,0.3％)were found in E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae(PSSP),penicillin-intermediate S.pneumoniae(PISP),and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae(PRSP)was 94.3％,4.0％,and 1.7％in nonmeningitis S.pneumoniae isolates.The resistance rates of Klebsiella spp.(Klebsiella pneumoniae 93.2％)to imipenem and meropenem were 20.9％and 22.3％,respectively.Other Enterobacterales species were highly sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics.Only 1.7％-7.8％of other Enterobacterales strains were resistant to carbapenems.The resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp.(Acinetobacter baumannii 90.6％)to imipenem and meropenem were 68.4％and 70.6％respectively,while 28.5％and 24.3％of P.aeruginosa strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Conclusions The number of clinical isolates from elderly patients is increasing year by year,especially in the 65-＜75 age group.Respiratory tract isolates were more prevalent in male elderly patients,and urinary tract isolates were more prevalent in female elderly patients.Klebsiella isolates were increasingly resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents,especially carbapenems.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for accurate empirical antimicrobial therapy in elderly patients.

Objective To design an intelligent monitoring platform for adverse drug reactions(ADRs)to solve the problems of the traditional ADR monitoring mode.Methods The ADR intelligent monitoring platform was designed based on artificial intelligence and big data technologies,which was developed with Browser/Server(B/S)architecture,C#programming language and.NET development tool.There were five functional modules involved in the platform for ADR knowledge base,monitoring rule setting,intelligent monitoring,report management and statistical analysis.Results The platform realized the full-process management of ADR intelligent monitoring,reporting,review and statistical analysis,which enhanced the ADR report in quantity,quality and timeliness.Conclusion The platform contributes to improving the monitoring of ADR and patient medication safety.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(9):33-38]