Objective: To analyze the associations of physical activity with overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence among junior and senior high school students, so as to provide reference for optimizing physical activity intervention strategies and promoting healthy lifestyles. Methods: From March to November 2023, a cross sectional survey was conducted among 90 457 junior and senior high school students aged 11-18 years in Zhejiang Province using a stratified cluster random sampling method. Data on physical activity and dietary behavior were collected through questionnaires, height and weight were measured. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The Chi-square test was used to examine differences, and Logistic regression was applied to evaluate the associations of physical activity characteristics with overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence. Additionally, the effectiveness of physical activity performed on rest days versus work days was examined. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence among junior and senior high school students were 25.1%, 27.9%, and 6.7%, respectively, with significant sex differences ( χ 2=2 005.3, 587.7, 99.6, all P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that students with insufficient physical activity had a higher risk of overweight/obesity compared with those with sufficient physical activity ( OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.06-1.17, P <0.01). Comparing to students who exercised 0-1 day per week, those who exercised 5-7 days per week were associated with a reduced risk of overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms ( OR=0.93, 95%CI =0.90-0.97; OR=0.95, 95%CI =0.91-0.99, both P <0.05). When total activity volume and frequency were held constant, students with sufficient rest day physical activity had lower risks of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence than those with insufficient rest day activity (all P < 0.01). Conclusions Sufficient amount of physical activity and higher frequency of rest day physical activity are significantly associated with lower risks of overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence in adolescents. Physical activity performed on rest days may confer greater health benefits than activity performed on work days.

Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

ObjectiveTo investigate the current awareness and optimization recommendations on pneumonia with unknown etiology (PUE) surveillance among Shanghai healthcare professionals, and to provide evidence for the improvement of the surveillance system. MethodsIn December 2024, healthcare professional participants from diverse medical and health institutions were randomly selected within each stratum using a stratified cluster sampling method in all 16 districts of Shanghai for questionnaire surveys on their knowledge and suggestions for optimization of the PUE surveillance system. Descriptive statistics analyses, multivariate logistic regressions, and content analyses were used for data analyses. ResultsA total of 385 survey subjects were involved in the study, including 119 professional staffs from disease prevention and control centers and 266 from medical institutions. Those who understood the case definition for PUE correctly accounted for 67.01% (258/385). Multivariate regression model analyses showed that female gender (aOR=2.22, 95%CI: 1.36‒3.66), professionals from disease control institutions (aOR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.12‒3.72), and those who self-assessed as being familiar with the monitoring system (aOR=2.18, 95%CI:1.23‒3.89) had better understanding of the definition. Overall, 89.61% (345/385) of the survey subjects acknowledged the necessity of the surveillance system. Small number of cases meeting the case definition (54.46%, 214/379), insufficient diagnostic awareness (39.84%, 151/379), and lack of incentives for case reporting (29.29%, 111/379) were major problems for the current surveillance system, with variations observed across different types of institutions. Suggested segments for optimizing the surveillance system included monitoring purpose, case definition, form of monitoring and reporting procedure, organization mechanism, and epidemiological investigation and response. ConclusionThe necessity of PUE surveillance is commonly recognized among healthcare workers. However, the existing system falls short in terms of mastery of case definition and overall surveillance adaptability. There is an urgent need for optimization and improvement to enhance the capacity for preventing and controlling emerging and sudden respiratory infectious diseases.

[Objective] To resolve the ambiguities of HLA genotyping generated by next generation sequencing (NGS) using nanopore sequencing technology. [Methods] A total of 38 samples with ambiguous HLA genotyping by NGS in our laboratory were collected, and HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DRB3/4/5, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1 and -DPB1 loci in these samples were amplified using primers in the same commercial NGS HLA genotyping kit, then subjected to third-generation library construction, and sequenced on the nanopore sequencer. The sequencing data were converted into Fastq files and analyzed by software, and the genotypes of 11 HLA loci were obtained. The ambiguities were counted directly. [Results] The high-resolution genotyping at the second domain of 11 HLA loci of 38 samples using the third generation sequencing (TGS) were consistent with the results of the NGS method at a rate of 100%. The genotypes for the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB3, -DRB4, -DQA1 and -DPA1 loci by TGS were all only one result, and the discrimination rate for ambiguities of the HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DQA1 loci (all caused by the difficulty in phasing due to the short NGS read length) was 100%. Among the HLA-DRB1, -DRB5, -DQB1 and -DPB1 loci, the discrimination rate of TGS for the ambiguities caused by non-amplification of exon 1 was 0% and by the short NGS read length was 100%. [Conclusion] Nanopore technology was used to identify the ambiguities of 11 HLA loci in this study, and the ambiguities caused by the short read length disadvantage of the NGS method could be solved effectively and the accuracy of HLA genotyping would be improved.

Objective:To investigate the preoperative administration time and dose of indo-cyanine green (ICG) for extrahepatic biliary tract imaging in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).Methods:The retrospective study was conducted. The clinical data of 252 patients with gallbladder diseases who were admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from December 2022 to December 2024 were collected. There were 137 males and 115 females, aged (45±4)years. All patients underwent LC after injection of 1.25 mg or 2.50 mg ICG, with ICG fluore-scence navigation during the operation. Observation indicators: (1) effective fluorescence imaging during surgery; (2) the ratio of fluorescence intensity between gallbladder duct and liver, and the ratio of fluorescence intensity between common bile duct and liver; (3) the imaging effect of extra-hepatic biliary tract. Comparison of measurement data with skewed distribution among groups was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, and the Bonferroni method was used for pairwise com-parison. The consistency evaluation was conducted using the Kendall test. Results:(1) Effective fluorescence imaging during surgery. The Kendall coefficient index was 0.83, indicating high consis-tency in evaluation of fluorescence imaging of extrahepatic biliary tract between doctors. The effective fluorescent imaging sites during surgery were located in the liver, cystic duct, common bile duct, cystic duct-common bile duct junction, hepatic duct, and gallbladder. The intraoperative effective fluorescence imaging of patients who received intravenous injection of 1.25 mg and 2.50 mg ICG before surgery showed that as the interval between ICG injection and surgery increased, the proportion of fluorescence imaging in the liver and gallbladder gradually decreased. The proportion of fluorescence imaging in the gallbladder duct, common bile duct, cystic duct-common bile duct junction, common hepatic duct showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. (2) The ratio of fluorescence intensity between gallbladder duct and liver, and the ratio of fluorescence intensity between common bile duct and liver. Results of Kruskal Wallis H test showed that there were significant differences in the fluorescence intensity ratios of gallbladder duct to liver and the fluorescence intensity ratio of common bile duct to liver among patients who received intravenous injection of 1.25 mg ICG at different time intervals to surgery ( H=73.22, 77.17, P<0.05). Results of pairwise comparison showed that there were significant differences in the fluorescence intensity ratio of gallbladder duct to liver and the fluorescence intensity ratio of common bile duct to liver between patients who received intravenous ICG injection 4.0-<6.0 hours before surgery and those who received ICG injection <0.5 hours, 0.5-<2.0 hours, 2.0-<4.0 hours, 6.0-<8.0 hours, 8.0-<10.0 hours, and 10.0-<12.0 hours before surgery, respectively ( P<0.002). There were significant differences in the fluorescence intensity ratio of gallbladder duct to liver and the fluorescence intensity ratio of common bile duct to liver among patients who received intravenous injection of 2.50 mg ICG at different time intervals to surgery ( H=127.06, 126.39, P<0.05). Results of pairwise comparison showed there were significant differences in the fluorescence intensity ratio of gall-bladder duct to liver and the fluorescence intensity ratio of common bile duct to liver between patients who received ICG injection 8.0-<10.0 hours before surgery and those who received ICG injection <0.5 hours, 0.5-<2.0 hours, 2.0-<4.0 hours, 4.0-<6.0 hours, 6.0-<8.0 hours, 12.0-<14.0 hours, and 14.0-<16.0 hours before surgery ( P<0.001). (3) The imaging effect of extrahepatic biliary tract. Among 102 patients who received preoperative intravenous injection of 1.25 mg ICG, the number of patients with grade A extrahepatic biliary system imaging increased and then decreased as the interval time extending, reaching a peak at 4.0-<6.0 hours. Among 150 patients who received preoperative intravenous injection of 2.50 mg ICG, the number of patients with grade A extrahepatic biliary tract imaging increased and then decreased as the interval time extending, reaching a peak at 8.0-<10.0 hours. Conclusion:Prolonging the time interval between ICG administration and surgery can effectively reduce the fluorescence intensity of the liver background, thereby increasing the fluorescence intensity ratio of gallbladder duct to liver and common bile duct to liver to obtain the best development effect. Intravenous injection of 1.25 mg ICG 4.0-<6.0 hours before surgery or 2.50 mg ICG 8.0-<10.0 hours before surgery provide better results for intraoperative extrahepatic biliary tract imaging.

Objective To explore the performance of gallium nitride(GaN)-based digital circuit chips applied in nuclear radiation environments and investigate the feasibility of their use in control chips for robots transporting injured personnel.Methods First,a GaN-based NAND gate digital circuit chip was fabricated.Second,both the GaN-based digital chip and the SN74AHCT1G00 silicon-based digital chip were irradiated with 60Co gamma-ray.The irradiation doses for the GaN-based digital chip were 1 Mrad(Si)and 2 Mrad(Si),while the irradiation dose for the SN74AHCT1G00 silicon-based digital chip was 1 Mrad(Si).Finally,the post-irradiation electrical performance of the two chips was measured using a Keithley 4200A-SCS semiconductor characterization system.Results Under 60Co gamma-ray irradiation doses of 1 Mrad(Si)and 2 Mrad(Si),the response delay of the GaN-based digital circuit chip was only on the order of 0.1 μs.In contrast,the response rate of the SN74AHCT1G00 silicon-based digital circuit chip significantly degraded under 60Co gamma-ray irradiation dose of 1 Mrad(Si),rendering it unable to perform the NAND gate logic function.Conclusion GaN-based digital circuit chips exhibit high radiation resistance in 60Co gamma-ray irradiation environments,with no significant performance degradation.Compared with silicon-based digital circuit chips,they demonstrate considerable advantages and can preliminarily meet the requirements for control chips of robots transporting injured personnel in nuclear radiation environments.

Objective To provide a comprehensive review of the modeling method of the empty bottle stimulation(EBS)anxiety model,including commonly used experimental animal strains and genders,animal grouping,modeling procedures,modeling duration,primary behavioral evaluation method,and the underlying pathological mechanisms.This aims to offer a reference for the application of the EBS anxiety model in anxiety disorder research.Methods Searches were conducted in databases such as CNKI and PubMed to collect all literature related to the EBS anxiety model,which were then systematically summarized and organized.Results(1)Male adult SD or Wistar rats are predominantly used as experimental animals;(2)The optimal modeling period is 2 weeks;(3)Behavioral evaluations primarily utilize the open field test,elevated plus maze test,and light-dark box test;(4)Pathological mechanisms involve abnormal neurotransmitter metabolism in brain regions such as the hippocampus,prefrontal cortex,and amygdala.Conclusions The EBS anxiety model exhibits an anxiety-like behavioral phenotype and associated neurobiological mechanisms,validating its utility as an animal model for the study of anxiety disorders.However,further exploration and refinement are required for its standardized construction protocol and the understanding of its mechanistic underpinnings.

Objective:To understand the usage situation of e-cigarettes among residents aged 18-65 in Beijing, explore the relationship between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking as well as smoking cessation behaviors, and provide scientific support for the developing and improving policies and measures related to e-cigarettes.Methods:Using 19 684 residents data from the Beijing Non-communication Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance in 2022, complex sampling weighted methods were used to estimate proportions, and complex sampling logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the relationship between e-cigarette use, cigarette smoking, and smoking cessation.Results:Among all study participants, the proportion of those who had ever used e-cigarettes was 3.36%, with the current e-cigarette use at 1.26%. The proportion of current e-cigarette users (1.87%) and the former e-cigarette users (3.47%) were higher ( χ2=64.70, P<0.001) among males compared to females (0.60% and 0.64% respectively). The top three reasons for using e-cigarettes were wanting to quit smoking, perceiving e-cigarettes as less harmful, and enjoying the flavors of e-cigarettes. 83.54% of e-cigarette users started with cigarettes. The results of the complex sampling multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that current smoking ( OR=61.35, 95% CI: 36.98-101.76) and former smoking ( OR=31.20, 95% CI: 15.52-62.71) were positively associated with e-cigarette, while current e-cigarette use ( OR=0.13, 95% CI: 0.04-0.39) was negatively associated with quitting cigarette smoking. Conclusions:The proportion of e-cigarette use in Beijing was relatively low. E-cigarette use was associated with cigarette use and was not conducive to smoking cessation. Therefore, stronger regulatory measures and health education campaigns regarding the risks of e-cigarettes should be implemented.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of lumbar lateral interbody fusion (LLIF) versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in the treatment of severe lumbar spinal stenosis.Methods:The data of patients with severe lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent LLIF or PLIF from February 2019 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 patients in the LLIF group, 10 males and 20 females, aged 62.7±5.6 years (range, 53-74 years), including 21 cases of single segment and 9 cases of double segment. There were 46 patients in the PLIF group, including 20 males and 26 females, aged 63.2±8.4 years (range, 43-75 years), 40 cases of single segment and 6 cases of double segment. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), intervertebral space height, intervertebral foramen height and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results:All patients were followed up for an average of 21.3±6.4 months (range, 12-32 months). The intraoperative blood loss in the LLIF group was 112.2±76.9 ml, which was significantly lower than 193.9±88.2 ml in the PLIF group ( P<0.05). The VAS scores of back pain and leg pain after operation were significantly lower than those before operation in the two groups ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in back pain VAS scores at preoperative, 6 months postoperative, and final follow-up ( P>0.05); the back pain VAS score at 1 month postoperatively in the LLIF group was 1.6±1.2, which was less than 2.8±0.7 in the PLIF group ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in leg pain VAS scores at preoperative, 1 month postoperative, and 6 months postoperative ( P>0.05); the leg pain VAS score at the final follow-up in the LLIF group was 1.2±1.5, which was smaller than 1.8±1.0 in the PLIF group ( P<0.05). The postoperative ODI was smaller than the preoperative one in both groups, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); the preoperative, 1-month postoperative, 6-month postoperative, and final follow-up ODIs in the LLIF group were 45.7%±16.0%, 17.9%±12.0%, 16.2%±11.6%, and 15.7%±11.7%, and those in the PLIF group were 47.9%±15.4%, 20.1%±9.3%, 16.9%±10.6%, and 14.6%±11.0% in the PLIF group, and the difference between the groups was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The preoperative intervertebral space height in the LLIF group was 10.6±2.0 mm, which was smaller than that in the PLIF group 11.8±2.2 mm ( P<0.05). The intervertebral space heights in the immediate postoperative period and at the final follow-up were 13.3±2.3 mm and 12.3±2.2 mm in the LLIF group and 13.7±1.7 mm and 13.0±1.9 mm in the PLIF group ( P>0.05). The preoperative intervertebral foraminal height in the LLIF group was 18.0±3.2 mm, which was smaller than that of 19.7±2.4 mm in the PLIF group ( P<0.05); the intervertebral foraminal heights in the immediate postoperative period and at the final follow-up were 21.4±2.5 mm and 20.2±2.4 mm in the LLIF group, and in the PLIF group were 20.7±2.4 mm and 19.7±2.6 mm in the PLIF group ( P>0.05). In the LLIF group, 2 cases had femoral nerve injury and 2 cases had transient back pain after operation. There were 2 cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, 1 case of screw loosening, and 2 cases of deep vein thrombosis in the PLIF group. In the PLIF group, 2 patients underwent revision, including 1 case due to cage displacement and 1 case due to screw malposition. The fusion settling rate was 21% (8/39) in the LLIF group and 12% (6/52) in the PLIF group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both LLIF and PLIF can effectively restore the intervertebral height, improve the lumbar function and the symptoms of back and leg pain in the treatment of severe lumbar spinal stenosis.

Objective:To analyze the prevalence trends and epidemiological characteristics of cardiometabolic multimorbidity(CMM) in Beijing from 2005 to 2022.Methods:A series of representative cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Beijing between 2005 and 2022 using a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method. A total of 110 496 permanent residents aged 18-79 years participated in face-to-face interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory testing. Complex sampling logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with CMM, and Joinpoint regression was used to assess temporal trends in prevalence. Results:The prevalence of CMM was 22.3% in 2005 and 24.3% in 2022, with an average annual percent change of 0.1%(95% CI -1.3%-1.3%, P>0.05). In rural areas, the prevalence increased by 1.3% per year(95% CI 0.2%-2.6%, P<0.05), while among obese individuals, it decreased by 1.0% annually( P<0.05). The most common CMM patterns were hypertension combined with dyslipidemia(13.2%), hypertension combined with diabetes(7.0%), and diabetes combined with dyslipidemia(5.8%). The prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia comorbidity showed a long-term decline among females, those aged 60-79 and obese individuals( P<0.05). In contrast, the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes comorbidity increased over time in rural residents and individuals with normal body weight( P<0.05). Furthermore, diabetes and dyslipidemia comorbidity rates increased significantly among males, adults aged 18-59 years, those with a college education or above, rural residents and individuals with normal body weight( P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression indicated that male, older age, overweight, obese, and lower education level were independently associated with a higher risk of CMM( P<0.05). Conclusion:From 2005 to 2022, the prevalence of CMM remained high among adults in Beijing. While prevalence decreased among obese individuals, it increased significantly in rural areas. Hypertension combined with dyslipidemia was the most common multimorbidity pattern throughout the study period.