Background As a traditional labor-intensive industry, the wooden furniture manufacturing sector has been facing significant occupational health hazards, notably noise exposure. Objective To understand the current status of occupational health management and workplace noise monitoring in the wooden furniture manufacturing industry in Foshan City of Guangzhou Province over the past five years (2020−2024), to clarify the exposure level of occupational noise hazards in this industry, the implementation of prevention and control measures, and their dynamic changing trends, and to provid a reference basis for formulating and optimizing targeted occupational health supervision strategies. Methods By judgment sampling method, 381 wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises in Foshan City from 2020 to 2024 were selected. Through document review, on-site investigation, and on-site testing, the basic information of the enterprise, key indicators of occupational health management (declaration of projects with occupational disease hazards, occupational health training, the setting and effect of occupational disease prevention facilities, the allocation and use of personal protective equipment, occupational health examinations, etc.) and monitoring data of noise intensity in the workplace were systematically collected. Descriptive statistical analysis was adopted to present the characteristics of enterprises and various indicators, and trend tests were used for dynamic changes of occupational health management indicators and noise intensity monitoring results between each year. Results Among the 381 enterprises, small and micro enterprises accounted for 94.0% (358/381), the overall occupational hazard exposure rate of workers was 56.7% (15199/26798), and the noise exposure rate was 45.6% (12221/26798). The report rate of projects with occupational disease hazards was 100%, the occupational health training rate of exposed workers was 69.6%, the setting rate and effectiveness rate of noise prevention facilities were 24.9% and 95.8% respectively, the distribution rate and effective wearing rate of noise protection earplugs/earmuffs were 77.6% and 87.1% respectively, and the rate of occupational health examinations for noise-exposed workers and the abnormal rate were 55.4% and 2.5% respectively. The trend analysis results showed that the rates of occupational health training, setting and effectiveness of noise prevention facilities, distribution and effective wearing of noise protection earplugs/earmuffs, occupational health examinations for noise-exposed workers, and abnormal health examination results all showed an overall upward trend (P values were all<0.05). The proportion of workplace noise intensity greater than 85 dB(A) and the rate of noise exceeding standards at work positions both showed an overall upward trend (P values were both<0.01). Conclusion During the period from 2020 to 2024, the occupational health management in the wooden furniture manufacturing industry in Foshan City has achieved certain positive progress, particularly in areas such as the installation of protective facilities, the use of personal protective equipment, and the implementation of occupational health examinations. However, workplace noise hazards have not been effectively controlled. Moving forward, regulatory efforts must consolidate existing management achievements while strengthening mandatory requirements and support for the technical transformation of high-noise processes and the widespread adoption of noise reduction facilities. This approach is essential to fundamentally curb occupational noise hazards.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy（AIT） remains the only therapeutic approach with the potential to modify the natural course of allergic rhinitis（AR）. Nevertheless, considerable inter-individual variability exists in patients'responses to AIT. To facilitate more reliable assessment of treatment efficacy, the China Rhinopathy Research Cooperation Group（CRRCG） convened young and middle-aged nasal experts in China to formulate the present consensus. The recommended subjective outcome measures for AIT comprise symptom scores, medication scores, combined symptom and medication scores, quality-of-life assessments, evaluation of disease control, and assessment of comorbidities. Objective indicators may supplement these measures. Currently available objective approaches include skin prick testing, nasal provocation testing, and allergen exposure chambers. However, these methods remain constrained by practical limitations and are not yet appropriate for routine implementation in clinical efficacy evaluation. In addition, several biomarkers, including sIgE and the sIgE/tIgE ratio, sIgG4, serum IgE-blocking activity, IgA, cytokines and chemokines, as well as immune cell surface molecules and their functional activity, have been shown to have associations with AIT outcomes. While these biomarkers may complement subjective assessments, they are subject to significant limitations. Consequently, large-scale multicenter trials and real-world evidence are required to strengthen the evidence base. The present consensus underscores the necessity of integrating patients'subjective experiences with objective testing throughout the treatment process, thereby providing a more comprehensive and accurate framework for efficacy evaluation. Looking forward, future investigations should prioritize the incorporation of multi-omics data and artificial intelligence methodologies, which hold promise for overcoming current limitations in assessment strategies and for advancing both the standardization and personalization of AIT.
Humans ; Allergens/immunology* ; China ; Consensus ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Immunoglobulin E ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; East Asian People

As the brain's resident immune cells, microglia perform crucial functions such as phagocytosis, neuronal network maintenance, and injury restoration by adopting various phenotypes. Dynamic imaging of these phenotypes is essential for accessing brain diseases and therapeutic responses. Although numerous probes are available for imaging pro-inflammatory microglia, no PET tracers have been developed specifically to visualize anti-inflammatory microglia. In this study, we present an ¹⁸F-labeled PET tracer (QTFT) that targets the P2Y₁₂, a receptor highly expressed on anti-inflammatory microglia. [¹⁸F]QTFT exhibited high binding affinity to the P2Y₁₂ (14.43 nmol/L) and superior blood-brain barrier permeability compared to other candidates. Micro-PET imaging in IL-4-induced neuroinflammation models showed higher [¹⁸F]QTFT uptake in lesions compared to the contralateral normal brain tissues. Importantly, this specific uptake could be blocked by QTFT or a P2Y₁₂ antagonist. Furthermore, [¹⁸F]QTFT visualized brain lesions in mouse models of epilepsy, glioma, and aging by targeting the aberrantly expressed P2Y₁₂ in anti-inflammatory microglia. In a pilot clinical study, [¹⁸F]QTFT successfully located epileptic foci, showing enhanced radioactive signals in a patient with epilepsy. Collectively, these studies suggest that [¹⁸F]QTFT could serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for imaging various brain disorders by targeting P2Y₁₂ overexpressed in anti-inflammatory microglia.

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), one of the most severe types of male infertility, etiology often remains unclear in most cases. Therefore, this study aimed to detect four biallelic detrimental variants (0.5%) in the minichromosome maintenance domain containing 2 ( MCMDC2 ) genes in 768 NOA patients by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) demonstrated that MCMDC2 deleterious variants caused meiotic arrest in three patients (c.1360G>T, c.1956G>T, and c.685C>T) and hypospermatogenesis in one patient (c.94G>T), as further confirmed through immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The single-cell RNA sequencing data indicated that MCMDC2 was substantially expressed during spermatogenesis. The variants were confirmed as deleterious and responsible for patient infertility through bioinformatics and in vitro experimental analyses. The results revealed four MCMDC2 variants related to NOA, which contributes to the current perception of the function of MCMDC2 in male fertility and presents new perspectives on the genetic etiology of NOA.
Humans ; Male ; Azoospermia/genetics* ; Meiosis/genetics* ; Spermatogenesis/genetics* ; Adult ; Exome Sequencing ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics* ; Alleles ; Infertility, Male/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is sensitive to ferroptosis, a new form of programmed cell death that occurs in most tumor types. However, the mechanism through which ferroptosis modulates HCC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the oncogenic role and prognostic value of FANCD2 and provide novel insights into the prognostic assessment and prediction of immunotherapy. METHODS: Using clinicopathological parameters and bioinformatic techniques, we comprehensively examined the expression of FANCD2 macroscopically and microcosmically. We conducted univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify the prognostic value of FANCD2 in HCC and elucidated the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of FANCD2 in oncogenesis by promoting iron-related death. RESULTS: FANCD2 was significantly upregulated in digestive system cancers with abundant immune infiltration. As an independent risk factor for HCC, a high FANCD2 expression level was associated with poor clinical outcomes and response to immune checkpoint blockade. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that FANCD2 was mainly involved in the cell cycle and CYP450 metabolism. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively elucidate the oncogenic role of FANCD2. FANCD2 has a tumor-promoting aspect in the digestive system and acts as an independent risk factor in HCC; hence, it has recognized value for predicting tumor aggressiveness and prognosis and may be a potential biomarker for poor responsiveness to immunotherapy.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis* ; Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Immunotherapy ; Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein/metabolism* ; Prognosis ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection's effect on gestational liver function, pregnancy and delivery complications, and neonatal development. METHODS: A total of 157 HCV antibody-positive (anti-HCV[+]) and HCV RNA(+) patients (Group C) and 121 anti-HCV(+) and HCV RNA(-) patients (Group B) were included as study participants, while 142 anti-HCV(-) and HCV RNA(-) patients (Group A) were the control group. Data on biochemical indices during pregnancy, pregnancy complications, delivery-related information, and neonatal complications were also collected. RESULTS: Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) rates in Group C during early, middle, and late pregnancy were 59.87%, 43.95%, and 42.04%, respectively-significantly higher than Groups B (26.45%, 15.70%, 10.74%) and A (23.94%, 19.01%, 6.34%) ( P < 0.05). Median ALT levels in Group C were significantly higher than in Groups A and B at all pregnancy stages ( P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in neonatal malformation rates across groups ( P > 0.05). However, neonatal jaundice incidence was significantly greater in Group C (75.16%) compared to Groups A (42.25%) and B (57.02%) ( χ ² = 33.552, P < 0.001). HCV RNA positivity during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for neonatal jaundice ( OR = 2.111, 95% CI 1.242-3.588, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Chronic HCV infection can affect the liver function of pregnant women, but does not increase the pregnancy or delivery complication risks. HCV RNA(+) is an independent risk factor for neonatal jaundice.
Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Adult ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Infant, Newborn ; Viremia/virology* ; Hepatitis C ; Hepacivirus/physiology* ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology* ; Young Adult ; Alanine Transaminase/blood*

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of meropenem exposure and degradation levels on clinical efficacy in patients with purulent meningitis （PM）. METHODS A total of 131 PM patients treated with meropenem at the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2022 to June 2025 were prospectively included. Relevant data were collected and divided into a cured group （91 cases） and a non-cured group （40 cases） based on the efficacy. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of meropenem and its open-loop metabolites. Risk factors that affect efficacy were screened， and their predictive power and correlation were evaluated by univariate analysis， and multivariate Logistic regression analysis， receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves， and correlation analysis. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that serum creatinine， creatinine clearance rate， minimum inhibitory concentration of meropenem ≥16 μg/mL， cerebrospinal fluid red blood cell count， cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count， cerebrospinal fluid glucose content， blood trough concentration， blood open-loop metabolite concentration/trough concentration ratio， and intrathecal injection were all correlated with efficacy （P＜0.05）. The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that serum creatinine blood open-loop metabolite concentration/trough concentration ratio， intrathecal injection， and cerebrospinal fluid glucose content were influencing factors for suboptimal anti-infective ltt efficacy （P＜0.05）. ROC curve analysis showed that when the blood open-loop metabolite concentration/trough concentration ratio was greater than 2.854 （AUC＝0.647）， serum creatinine was less than 59.5 μmol/L （AUC＝0.647）， and cerebrospinal fluid glucose content was less than 3.37 mmol/L （AUC＝0.709）， the risk of treatment failure significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that the blood trough concentration of meropenem was positively correlated with the concentration of its open-loop metabolites （R 2＝0.134 5， P＜0.000 1）. CONCLUSIONS Insufficient exposure level and rapid degradation of meropenem are key mechanisms affecting the anti-infective efficacy of PM. Elevated blood open-loop metabolite concentration/ trough concentration ratio， low serum creatinine level， lack of intrathecal injection， and low cerebrospinal fluid glucose content are independent risk factors for poor efficacy.

Objective:To investigate the application value of multi-parameter ultrasound in the non-invasive assessment of renal fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease（CKD）.Methods:From December 2023 to April 2024，77 CKD patients（CKD group）and 30 healthy individuals（control group）from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were prospectively collected. The CKD group was further classified into mild（ n = 30），moderate（ n = 25）and severe（ n = 22）groups according to pathological assessment of renal fibrosis. Ultrasound parameters and clinical data of all patients were collected for group comparisons. Ultrasound parameters that showed statistically significant differences in univariate analysis were incorporated into a Logistic regression model to identify independent influencing factors. ROC curve was constructed，and the area under the curve（AUC）was calculated for statistical evaluation. Results:① The moderate and severe groups compared to control group，as well as the severe group compared to the mild and moderate groups，showed increased levels of SCr and BUN，and decreased level of eGFR，with statistically significant differences（all P < 0.05）. The kidney length and renal parenchymal thickness in the moderate group were smaller than those in the control group，while the kidney length，renal parenchymal thickness，and renal cortical thickness in the severe group were smaller than those in the control，mild，and moderate groups，with statistically significant differences among the groups（all P < 0.05）. The Vmax in the severe group was lower than those in the control，mild，and moderate groups，while the RI was higher than those in the control，mild，and moderate groups，with statistically significant differences（all P < 0.05）. ②In superb microvascular imaging，perfusion levels were predominantly grade 5 in the control and mild groups（83.3%，25/30；70.0%，21/30），grade 4 in the moderate group（48.0%，12/25），and grade 3 in the severe group（63.6%，14/22）. No significant differences were observed between the mild and control groups，or between the moderate and severe groups（all P>0.05），significant differences in blood flow perfusion were found between other groups（ P < 0.05）.③Shear wave elastography and super-resolution imaging revealed that mean of Young's modulus（Emean）in renal cortex increased progressively from the mild to the severe group，while microvascular density decreased. Except for Emean，which did not show significant differences between the moderate and severe groups（ P > 0.05），all other parameters showed significant differences between groups（ P < 0.05）. ④ROC curve analysis indicated that differentiating the control group from the mild group using Emean and microvascular density，the AUC was 0.769（95% CI = 0.631 - 0.872， P<0.001），with a sensitivity of 0.821 and specificity of 0.539. For the combined use of Emean，microvascular density，peak inter-arterial velocity，and resistance index for distinguishing mild from moderate-to-severe fibrosis resulted in an AUC of 0.902（95% CI = 0.843 - 0.972，P < 0.001），with a sensitivity of 0.967 and specificity of 0.755. These multi-parameter combined diagnostic approaches outperformed single ultrasound parameters. Conclusions:Multi-parameter ultrasound technology can display multidimensional renal changes in patients with CKD and effectively assess the degree of renal fibrosis. It is expected to become a non-invasive，highly sensitive tool for evaluating renal fibrosis in CKD.

Objective:To obtain a prevalent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) clinical isolate in Beijing and analyze the genotype and biological characteristics of the strain.Methods:A nasopharyngeal secretion specimen was collected from a child with RSV infection in Beijing in 2023 and used for viral isolation. Viral nucleic acid was amplified using qRT-PCR. The isolated virus was identified by transmission electron microscopy, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and plaque formation assay. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on the whole-genome sequencing results. Virus titers were determined, and replication characteristics were analyzed. The efficacy of the isolated strain for in vitro screening of antiviral drugs was validated. Results:A clinical RSV isolate, named hRSV/C-Tan/BJ 202301, was successfully isolated, which could form syncytia in Hep-2 cells. Spherical, filamentous, and irregular virus particles were observed by electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence detection showed green fluorescence in Hep-2 cells, and plaque assay showed round plaques, which were similar to the Long strain in morphology. Genomic sequence analysis showed that it belonged to ON1 genotype. It exhibited similar cell growth kinetics characteristics with the Long strain and could be used for antiviral drug screening in vitro. Conclusions:In this study, one RSV strain is successfully isolated and identified. The biological characteristics and the phylogenetic relationship of this strain reflect the characteristics of the circulating strains in Beijing, which provides experimental material for RSV vaccine development and antiviral drug screening in China.