Objective To examine the association between epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and meteorological factors in Shenzhen City during the period from 2012 to 2019. Methods Average atmospheric pressure, average air temperature, average relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and sunshine duration were captured from Meteorological Bureau of Shenzhen City each month from 2012 to 2019. The average monthly rodent densities in Shenzhen City from 2012 to 2019 were acquired from the Vector Surveillance Management System of Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the monthly HFRS incidence was retrieved from Shenzhen Municipal Disease Surveillance System from 2012 to 2019. The correlation between meteorological factors and the monthly incidence of HFRS was examined us ing Spearman’s rank correlation in Shenzhen City, and the temporal trends in monthly HFRS incidence and the degrees of freedom for the rodent density were determined in Shenzhen City with a generalized additive model. The optimal lag time was identified using excess risk (ER) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), and univariate and multivariate models were fitted to evaluate the impact of meteorological factors on HFRS incidence in Shenzhen City. Results The median number of incident HFRS cases was 3.00 (interquartile range, 3.25) in Shenzhen City from 2012 to 2019, with an average air temperature of (23.44 ± 4.91) °C, average relative humidity of (76.05 ± 7.61)%, median precipitation of 4.10 (interquartile range, 6.83) mm, average wind speed of (1.97 ± 0.26) m/s, average sunshine duration of (5.17 ± 1.64) h, and median monthly rodent density of 1.74% (interquartile range, 2.52%). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that the average air temperature positively correlated with average relative humidity (r_s = 0.420, P < 0.05), precipitation (r_s = 0.658, P < 0.05) and sunshine duration (r_s = 0.633, P < 0.05), and the atmospheric pressure negatively correlated with average air temperature (r_s = −0.925, P < 0.05), relative humidity (r_s = −0.614, P < 0.05), precipitation (r_s = −0.789, P < 0.05) and sunshine duration (r_s = −0.437, P < 0.05), while the average relative humidity correlated positively with precipitation (r_s = 0.724, P < 0.05) and negatively with sunshine duration (r_s = −0.218, P < 0.05). Univariate modeling analysis showed that the ERs and their 95% CI were 0.639% (0.540%, 0.737%) for average atmospheric pressure, −7.157% (−8.113%, −6.190%) for average air temperature, −3.603% (−4.219%, −2.985%) for average relative humidity, −5.889% (−7.085%, −4.669%) forprecipitation,21.881% (−5.149%, 56.612%) for average wind speed, and −13.877% (−16.641%, −11.022%) for sunshine duation (all P values < 0.05). Multivariate modeling analysis showed that in the ensemble model combining average atmospheric pressure and precipitation, the highest ER (6.686%) was caused by increased average atmospheric pressure, and the highest absolute ER values for average air temperature (6.615%), average relative humidity (3.107%) and precipitation (5.386%) were seen after adjustment only for sunshine duration (all P values < 0.05), while the highest absolute ER for sunshine duration (11.875%) was found after adjustment for precipitation (P < 0.05). Conclusions An increase in average air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and sunshine duration resulted in a reduced incidence rate of HFRS in Shenzhen City from 2012 to 2019, and an increase in average atmospheric pressure increased the incidence of HFRS. Meteorological factors are important determinants affecting HFRS incidence in Shenzhen City.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,deep learning technologies have been increasingly applied in the field of oral medicine,enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of oral imaging analysis and promoting the rapid development of intelligent oral medicine. OBJECTIVE:To elaborate the current research status,advantages,and limitations of deep learning based on oral imaging in the diagnosis and treatment decision-making of oral diseases,as well as future prospects,exploring new directions for the transformation of oral medicine under the backdrop of deep learning technology. METHODS:PubMed was searched for literature related to deep learning in oral medical imaging published from January 2017 to January 2024 with the search terms"deep learning,artificial intelligence,stomatology,oral medical imaging."According to the inclusion criteria,80 papers were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Classic deep learning models include artificial neural networks,convolutional neural networks,recurrent neural networks,and generative adversarial networks.Scholars have used these models in competitive or cooperative forms to achieve more efficient interpretation of oral medical images.(2)In the field of oral medicine,the diagnosis of diseases and the formulation of treatment plans largely depend on the interpretation of medical imaging data.Deep learning technology,with its strong image processing capabilities,aids in the diagnosis of diseases such as dental caries,periapical periodontitis,vertical root fractures,periodontal disease,and jaw cysts,as well as preoperative assessments for procedures such as third molar extraction and cervical lymph node dissection,helping clinicians improve the accuracy and efficiency of decision-making.(3)Although deep learning is promising as an important auxiliary tool for the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases,it still has certain limitations in model technology,safety ethics,and legal regulation.Future research should focus on demonstrating the scalability,robustness,and clinical practicality of deep learning,and finding the best way to integrate automated deep learning decision support systems into routine clinical workflows.

This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and trends of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among inpatients with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in a children′s hospital in Shenzhen City inpatients from 2020 to 2023. From January 2020 to December 2023, multiple reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) combined with capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis technology was used to detect the nucleic acids of 12 respiratory pathogens, including RSV, in hospitalized children diagnosed with ARI. The patients were divided into six age groups: 0 to <6 months, 6 months to <1 year, 1 to <2 years, 2 to <5 years, 5 to <10 years, and 10 to <18 years. A total of 53 033 children were tested, including 6 830 RSV positive cases, with an overall positivity rate of 12.88%. The annual RSV positivity rates from 2020 to 2023 were 20.04%, 16.18%, 4.89%, and 13.33%, respectively, with statistically significant differences between the years ( χ2=1 185.994, P<0.001). The positive rate of RSV detection decreased with increasing age across all years (all P trend<0.05). From 2020 to 2023, the proportion of RSV-positive cases aged 2 to 5 years and older showed an increasing trend ( P trend<0.001 for all years). Compared to 2023, the median age of RSV-infected children was lower in 2020 ( Z=7.826, P<0.001) and 2021 ( Z=6.106, P<0.001). The proportion of severe infections requiring ICU admission did not change significantly across all years ( χ2=0.179, P=0.981). The RSV epidemic season in 2020 mainly occurred during 28-43 weeks, and in 2021, it spanned from 22-43 weeks. However, in 2022, the season was delayed until the 49th week and lasted for three weeks. In 2023, the seasonal epidemic appeared earlier, starting in the 14th week and lasting for 28 weeks. From 2020 to 2023, the rate of RSV co-infections with other pathogens (mycoplasma pneumoniae, human parainfluenza virus, human bocavirus, human coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, and influenza A) significantly increased (all P trend<0.01). In conclusion, the epidemiological characteristics of RSV infections in Shenzhen Children′s Hospital changed from 2020 to 2023. In 2022, there were only delayed, low-intensity and short-lived seasonal epidemics. However, in 2023, there was an earlier and prolonged epidemic, with increased infections in children aged 2 to 5 years and older and a rise in co-infections, while the proportion of severe infections requiring ICU admission remained unchanged.

Gastroblastoma (GB) is a rare gastric epithelial tumor without special clinical manifestations, whose histologic origin and pathogenesis remain unclear due to less related reports.Low-grade cell forms with biphasic differentiation are typical histological characteristics of GB.Immunohistochemistry and molecular tests can help with its differential diagnosis.GB is an invasive low-grade malignant tumor and the first treatment is surgical resection.However, there is no uniform standard treatment plan at present and most patients have a good prognosis.In this article, the histopathology, diagnosis and identification diagnosis of GB was reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for its origin, development, treatment and patient prognosis.

Sufficient bone tissue is required to ensure the long-term stability of implants. Based on the principles of guided bone regeneration, Dr. Istvan Urban proposed the “sausage technique”. Research indicates that the horizontal bone augmentation observed with the sausage technique averages (5.3 ± 2.3) mm and the vertical bone augmentation averages (4.2 ± 1.9) mm, which is significantly greater than the outcomes achieved with traditional guided bone regeneration techniques. The sausage technique is reliable because the biological membrane has sufficient elasticity and toughness with the application of membrane screws, which stabilizes the mixture of autologous bone and bone graft materials in the bone grafting area and prevents the grafting materials from being displaced. Using substitute materials for autologous bone graft balances the osteogenic activity and the low graft absorption rate. A ball drill is used to prepare nourishing holes in the cortical bone of the recipient area, providing a pathway for mesenchymal stem cells and bone progenitor cells to migrate to the bone regeneration area. Furthermore, this method accelerates the early angiogenesis of wound healing, fully reduces tension during suturing, and ensures that excessive pressure is not applied to the healing area during suturing. Thus, the sausage technique is consistent and reliable. Despite the good outcomes demonstrated by the sausage technique in clinical applications, its potential complications related to soft and hard tissue have attracted widespread attention. These complications negatively affect the patient’s recovery process and influence the final results of the surgery. Therefore, a complete understanding of the complications associated with the sausage technique and their underlying causes is necessary to enhance the clinical safety and effectiveness of the sausage technique. This article summarizes the application principles, clinical effects, barrier membrane applications, selection of bone transplant materials, and related complications of the sausage technique, aiming to provide a reference for clinical application.

Gastroblastoma (GB) is a rare gastric epithelial tumor without special clinical manifestations, whose histologic origin and pathogenesis remain unclear due to less related reports.Low-grade cell forms with biphasic differentiation are typical histological characteristics of GB.Immunohistochemistry and molecular tests can help with its differential diagnosis.GB is an invasive low-grade malignant tumor and the first treatment is surgical resection.However, there is no uniform standard treatment plan at present and most patients have a good prognosis.In this article, the histopathology, diagnosis and identification diagnosis of GB was reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for its origin, development, treatment and patient prognosis.

Objective To explore the mechanism of IgA nephropathy(IgAN)caused by multi-glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii(GTW)through the regulation of Silent information regulatory factor 1(SIRT 1)/nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf 2)/antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)signaling pathway.Methods Forty-five male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into two groups:the blank group(n=9)and the model group(n=36).In addition to the blank group,the BSA+CCl4+LPS group was used.At the end of 12 weeks,two rats were randomly selected for verification,and the model was successfully established.The 34 model rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:the model group(n=10),prednisone group(n=12),and GTW group(n=12).Urine,blood and kidney tissues were harvested 4 weeks after drug administration.Urinary erythrocyte number,24-h urinary protein quantification(24 h-UTP),alanine transaminase(ALT),serum albumin(ALB),urea nitrogen(BUN),and blood creatinine(SCr)were performed for each group;the protein expression of SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1 and PINK1 was detected by Western blotting analysis;real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)detection of SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1 and PINK1 mRNA expression in rat kidney tissue;and detection of IgA deposition in the renal mesangial area by immunofluorescence.Kidney histopathological changes were observed in all the rats by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Results The results compared with those in the blank group,the urinary red blood cell count and 24 h-UTP,ALT,BUN,and SCr levels were significantly greater(P<0.01);The ALB level was significantly lower(P<0.01);renal tissue SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1,PINK1 protein and mRNA expression were significantly lower(P<0.01);IgA deposition in the mesentery was obvious;renal pathological damage was severe;and the difference was statistically significant. Compared with those in the model group,urinary red blood cell counts and 24 h-UTP,ALT,BUN,and SCr levels in the prednisone and GTW groups were significantly lower (P<0.01);ALB levels were significantly greater (P<0.01);SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1,PINK1 protein and mRNA expression were significantly greater (P<0.01);IgA deposition in the mesangial area was reduced,and renal pathology was improved,with statistically significant difference. Conclusions GTW may alleviate oxidative stress injury,protect renal function,and improve renal injury by activating the SIRT 1/Nrf 2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the structural equation model to explore the levels of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and various risk factors in the feet and ankle of China's occupational population, providing scientific basis for for preventing WMSDs in feet and ankles.Methods:Data of 73497 national occupational epidemiological cases were selected from June 2018 to December 2023 used the Chinese version of the Electronic Questionnaire on Musculoskeletal Disorders. The adverse ergonomic factors and their source classification standard and confirmatory factor analysis were used to investigate foot and ankle WMSDs and their related risk factors (including individual factors, work organization, work posture, work type, fatigue, etc.) in key occupational groups in China, and structural equation model hypothesis, fitting, verification, and path and intermediary effect analysis were carried out. The model fit evaluation indexes included Chi-square specific degrees of freedom ( χ2/ df), gauge fit index (NFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI), goodness of Fit index (GFI), adjusted Goodness of Fit index (AGFI) and approximate root mean square error (RMSEA) . Results:A total of 73497 occupational workers were surveyed, with local muscle fatigue and WMSDs incidence rates in the feet and ankles being 17.17% and 12.06%, respectively. The fitting index of the adjusted structural equation model basically meets the standard (GFI=1, AGFI=1, RMESA=0.042, NFI=0.716, TLI=0.663). The top three factors affecting feet and ankle WMSDs are feet and ankle muscle fatigue, work type, and work organization, with standardized path coefficients of 0.221, 0.105, and 0.095, respectively. The top two factors affecting feet and ankle muscle fatigue are work organization and work type, with standardized path coefficients of 0.548 and 0.383, respectively. Feet and ankle muscle fatigue, work type, work organization, and work posture have a direct effect on feet and ankle WMSDs, with effect values of 0.221, 0.105, 0.095, and 0.077, respectively. The organization and type of work can also have indirect effects through feet and ankle muscle fatigue, with effect values of 0.121 and 0.084, respectively.Conclusion:Feet and ankle muscle fatigue has a direct impact on WMSDs, and plays a mediating role between ankle and ankle WMSDs caused by work organization and work type. Feet and ankle muscle fatigue is an important pathway leading to feet and ankle WMSDs. It is recommended that employers and managers detect job fatigue early and take corresponding prevention and intervention measures, which can play a key role in preventing feet and ankle WMSDs.

Objective To explore the mechanism of IgA nephropathy(IgAN)caused by multi-glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii(GTW)through the regulation of Silent information regulatory factor 1(SIRT 1)/nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf 2)/antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)signaling pathway.Methods Forty-five male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into two groups:the blank group(n=9)and the model group(n=36).In addition to the blank group,the BSA+CCl4+LPS group was used.At the end of 12 weeks,two rats were randomly selected for verification,and the model was successfully established.The 34 model rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:the model group(n=10),prednisone group(n=12),and GTW group(n=12).Urine,blood and kidney tissues were harvested 4 weeks after drug administration.Urinary erythrocyte number,24-h urinary protein quantification(24 h-UTP),alanine transaminase(ALT),serum albumin(ALB),urea nitrogen(BUN),and blood creatinine(SCr)were performed for each group;the protein expression of SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1 and PINK1 was detected by Western blotting analysis;real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)detection of SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1 and PINK1 mRNA expression in rat kidney tissue;and detection of IgA deposition in the renal mesangial area by immunofluorescence.Kidney histopathological changes were observed in all the rats by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Results The results compared with those in the blank group,the urinary red blood cell count and 24 h-UTP,ALT,BUN,and SCr levels were significantly greater(P<0.01);The ALB level was significantly lower(P<0.01);renal tissue SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1,PINK1 protein and mRNA expression were significantly lower(P<0.01);IgA deposition in the mesentery was obvious;renal pathological damage was severe;and the difference was statistically significant. Compared with those in the model group,urinary red blood cell counts and 24 h-UTP,ALT,BUN,and SCr levels in the prednisone and GTW groups were significantly lower (P<0.01);ALB levels were significantly greater (P<0.01);SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1,PINK1 protein and mRNA expression were significantly greater (P<0.01);IgA deposition in the mesangial area was reduced,and renal pathology was improved,with statistically significant difference. Conclusions GTW may alleviate oxidative stress injury,protect renal function,and improve renal injury by activating the SIRT 1/Nrf 2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and trends of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among inpatients with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in a children′s hospital in Shenzhen City inpatients from 2020 to 2023. From January 2020 to December 2023, multiple reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) combined with capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis technology was used to detect the nucleic acids of 12 respiratory pathogens, including RSV, in hospitalized children diagnosed with ARI. The patients were divided into six age groups: 0 to <6 months, 6 months to <1 year, 1 to <2 years, 2 to <5 years, 5 to <10 years, and 10 to <18 years. A total of 53 033 children were tested, including 6 830 RSV positive cases, with an overall positivity rate of 12.88%. The annual RSV positivity rates from 2020 to 2023 were 20.04%, 16.18%, 4.89%, and 13.33%, respectively, with statistically significant differences between the years ( χ2=1 185.994, P<0.001). The positive rate of RSV detection decreased with increasing age across all years (all P trend<0.05). From 2020 to 2023, the proportion of RSV-positive cases aged 2 to 5 years and older showed an increasing trend ( P trend<0.001 for all years). Compared to 2023, the median age of RSV-infected children was lower in 2020 ( Z=7.826, P<0.001) and 2021 ( Z=6.106, P<0.001). The proportion of severe infections requiring ICU admission did not change significantly across all years ( χ2=0.179, P=0.981). The RSV epidemic season in 2020 mainly occurred during 28-43 weeks, and in 2021, it spanned from 22-43 weeks. However, in 2022, the season was delayed until the 49th week and lasted for three weeks. In 2023, the seasonal epidemic appeared earlier, starting in the 14th week and lasting for 28 weeks. From 2020 to 2023, the rate of RSV co-infections with other pathogens (mycoplasma pneumoniae, human parainfluenza virus, human bocavirus, human coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, and influenza A) significantly increased (all P trend<0.01). In conclusion, the epidemiological characteristics of RSV infections in Shenzhen Children′s Hospital changed from 2020 to 2023. In 2022, there were only delayed, low-intensity and short-lived seasonal epidemics. However, in 2023, there was an earlier and prolonged epidemic, with increased infections in children aged 2 to 5 years and older and a rise in co-infections, while the proportion of severe infections requiring ICU admission remained unchanged.