Hygroscopicity research has long been a key focus and hot topic in Chinese materia medica（CMM）. Elucidating hygroscopic mechanisms plays a vital role in formulation design， process optimization， and storage condition selection. Hygroscopic models serve as essential tools for characterizing CMM hygroscopic mechanisms， with various types available. The double exponential model is a kinetic mathematical model constructed based on the law of conservation of energy and Fick's first law of diffusion， tailored to the physical properties of CMM extracts. In recent years， this model has been extensively applied to simulate the dynamic moisture absorption behavior of CMM extracts and solid dosage forms under varying humidity conditions. It has revealed the correlation between moisture absorption kinetic parameters and material properties， offering a new perspective for characterizing the moisture uptake behavior of CMM. This paper systematically reviews the application progress of this model in the field of CMM， analyzes its advantages， disadvantages， and challenges in this domain， and explores its potential application trends in other fields. It aims to provide references for elucidating the moisture absorption mechanisms of CMM and researching moisture-proofing technologies， while also offering insights for its broader application in food and polymer materials.

BACKGROUND:Pediatric flexible flatfoot is a common foot deformity that often leads to foot pain and reduced quality of life.OBJECTIVE:To explore the relationship between radiographic parameters and clinical efficacy of subtalar arthroereisis in the treatment of pediatric flexible flatfoot.METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted on 56 pediatric patients(mean age of 11.8 years)who underwent subtalar arthroereisis at Guangzhou Orthopedic Hospital between January 2022 and May 2023.All patients underwent detailed radiographic examinations and clinical evaluations before and after surgery,including the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot score and Visual Analog Scale score.Paired t-tests and independent t-tests were used to compare changes in radiographic parameters and clinical scores before and after surgery.Correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)All radiographic parameters significantly improved during the 8 to 12-month follow-up after surgery(P＜0.001).(2)Clinical evaluation results indicated that the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot score significantly improved from 66.2±6.0 preoperatively to 91.3±5.8 postoperatively,and the Visual Analog Scale score significantly decreased from 3.1±0.8 preoperatively to 1.3±0.8 postoperatively(P＜0.001).(3)Independent t-tests showed a significant difference in postoperative the first metatarsal angle and Visual Analog Scale score grades(P=0.043),with a smaller the first metatarsal angle associated with less postoperative pain;preoperative lateral arch angle showed a significant difference between the"excellent"and"good"groups in postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot scores(P=0.033),suggesting that a smaller preoperative posterior arch angle might predict better postoperative foot function recovery.(4)Correlation analysis showed that preoperative posterior arch angle(r=-0.486,P＜0.01)and heel pitch angle(r=-0.344,P＜0.01)were significantly negatively correlated with postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot,while preoperative medial longitudinal arch angle(r=0.293,P＜0.05)was significantly positively correlated with postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot.Postoperative medial longitudinal arch angle(r=0.331,P＜0.05)and lateral arch angle(r=0.387,P＜0.01)were significantly positively correlated with postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot,whereas postoperative Bohler's angle(r=-0.272,P＜0.05),posterior arch angle(r=-0.461,P＜0.01),and heel pitch angle(r=-0.318,P＜0.01)were significantly negatively correlated with postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot.(5)It is concluded that subtalar arthroereisis is significantly effective in correcting pediatric flexible flatfoot,and improvements in radiographic parameters are closely related to clinical efficacy.Preoperative and postoperative radiographic evaluations can serve as important reference indicators for predicting postoperative clinical outcomes,guiding clinicians to optimize treatment plansand rehabilitation programs.

BACKGROUND:Pediatric flexible flatfoot is a common foot deformity that often leads to foot pain and reduced quality of life.OBJECTIVE:To explore the relationship between radiographic parameters and clinical efficacy of subtalar arthroereisis in the treatment of pediatric flexible flatfoot.METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted on 56 pediatric patients(mean age of 11.8 years)who underwent subtalar arthroereisis at Guangzhou Orthopedic Hospital between January 2022 and May 2023.All patients underwent detailed radiographic examinations and clinical evaluations before and after surgery,including the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot score and Visual Analog Scale score.Paired t-tests and independent t-tests were used to compare changes in radiographic parameters and clinical scores before and after surgery.Correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)All radiographic parameters significantly improved during the 8 to 12-month follow-up after surgery(P＜0.001).(2)Clinical evaluation results indicated that the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot score significantly improved from 66.2±6.0 preoperatively to 91.3±5.8 postoperatively,and the Visual Analog Scale score significantly decreased from 3.1±0.8 preoperatively to 1.3±0.8 postoperatively(P＜0.001).(3)Independent t-tests showed a significant difference in postoperative the first metatarsal angle and Visual Analog Scale score grades(P=0.043),with a smaller the first metatarsal angle associated with less postoperative pain;preoperative lateral arch angle showed a significant difference between the"excellent"and"good"groups in postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot scores(P=0.033),suggesting that a smaller preoperative posterior arch angle might predict better postoperative foot function recovery.(4)Correlation analysis showed that preoperative posterior arch angle(r=-0.486,P＜0.01)and heel pitch angle(r=-0.344,P＜0.01)were significantly negatively correlated with postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot,while preoperative medial longitudinal arch angle(r=0.293,P＜0.05)was significantly positively correlated with postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot.Postoperative medial longitudinal arch angle(r=0.331,P＜0.05)and lateral arch angle(r=0.387,P＜0.01)were significantly positively correlated with postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot,whereas postoperative Bohler's angle(r=-0.272,P＜0.05),posterior arch angle(r=-0.461,P＜0.01),and heel pitch angle(r=-0.318,P＜0.01)were significantly negatively correlated with postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot.(5)It is concluded that subtalar arthroereisis is significantly effective in correcting pediatric flexible flatfoot,and improvements in radiographic parameters are closely related to clinical efficacy.Preoperative and postoperative radiographic evaluations can serve as important reference indicators for predicting postoperative clinical outcomes,guiding clinicians to optimize treatment plansand rehabilitation programs.

Objective To explore the application prospect of robot-assisted surgery in the treatment of urolithiasis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 1 patient with renal calculi complicated with a giant renal calyx who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic right nephrolithotomy combined with partial nephrectomy, and the clinical diagnosis and treatment were discussed in conjunction with relevant literature.Results The patient first underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and then retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for left renal calculi.One month after left RIRS, robot-assisted laparoscopic right nephrolithotomy combined with partial nephrectomy was performed for right renal calculi.Imaging reexamination showed residual calculi in the left kidney and no obvious calculi in the right kidney.Conclusion Robot-assisted surgery provides a new minimally invasive option for complex, refractory calculi complicated with anatomical abnormalities difficult to treat with conventional PCNL/RIRS techniques.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is challenging to treat and lacks targeted therapeutic drugs in the clinic. Natural active ingredients provide promising opportunities for discovering and developing targeted therapies for TNBC. This study investigated the effects of daurisoline on TNBC and elucidated its potential mechanisms. Using network pharmacology, a correlation was identified between daurisoline, derived from Menispermum dauricum, and breast cancer, particularly involving the Notch signaling pathway. The effects of daurisoline on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were evaluated in vitro. Additionally, the impact of daurisoline on the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors in nude mice was assessed through in vivo experiments. Expression levels of Notch signaling pathway-related proteins, including Notch-1, NICD, PSEN-1, Bax, and Bcl-2, were examined using molecular docking and Western blotting to explore the underlying mechanisms of daurisoline’s anti-breast cancer effects. It was revealed that daurisoline could effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells and promote apoptosis. Furthermore, it significantly reduced the growth of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. Notably, daurisoline could reduce the hydrolytic activity of γ-secretase by binding to the catalytic core PSEN-1, thereby inhibiting activation of the γ-secretase/Notch axis and contributing to its anti-TNBC effects.This study supported the development of naturally targeted drugs for TNBC and provided insights into the research on dibenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, such as daurisoline.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is challenging to treat and lacks targeted therapeutic drugs in the clinic. Natural active ingredients provide promising opportunities for discovering and developing targeted therapies for TNBC. This study investigated the effects of daurisoline on TNBC and elucidated its potential mechanisms. Using network pharmacology, a correlation was identified between daurisoline, derived from Menispermum dauricum, and breast cancer, particularly involving the Notch signaling pathway. The effects of daurisoline on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were evaluated in vitro. Additionally, the impact of daurisoline on the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors in nude mice was assessed through in vivo experiments. Expression levels of Notch signaling pathway-related proteins, including Notch-1, NICD, PSEN-1, Bax, and Bcl-2, were examined using molecular docking and Western blotting to explore the underlying mechanisms of daurisoline’s anti-breast cancer effects. It was revealed that daurisoline could effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells and promote apoptosis. Furthermore, it significantly reduced the growth of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. Notably, daurisoline could reduce the hydrolytic activity of γ-secretase by binding to the catalytic core PSEN-1, thereby inhibiting activation of the γ-secretase/Notch axis and contributing to its anti-TNBC effects.This study supported the development of naturally targeted drugs for TNBC and provided insights into the research on dibenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, such as daurisoline.

Objective:To investigate the effects of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1(FGFR1)on the resistance of colorectal cancer(CRC)cells to oxaliplatin(OXA).Methods:An OXA-resistant cell line(HCT8/OXA)was established by treating HCT8 CRC cells with low-dose OXA for a long period in vitro.The CCK-8 assay was used to compare the viability of the HCT8 and HCT8/OXA cells after OXA treatment and to exam-ine their resistance to the anticancer drug.Second-generation high-throughput sequencing technology was used to identify differentially ex-pressed genes between the parental and drug-resistant cells.The expression of FGFR1 in the HCT8 and HCT8/OXA cells was detected by Western blot assay.Colony formation and flow cytometric assays were used to determine cell proliferation and apoptosis,respectively.The expression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins was detected using Western blot assay.Results:Compared with the levels in the HCT8 cells,the FGFR1 levels were significantly increased in the HCT8/OXA cells(P<0.01).FGFR1 overexpression in the HCT8 cells increased their drug resistance(P<0.01)and proliferation(NC+OXA:236.67±6.24;FGFR1+OXA:568.33±6.24)and decreased their apoptotic rate after OXA treatment(NC+OXA:27.83±0.85;FGFR1+OXA:17.47±1.25).FGFR1 knockdown in the HCT8/OXA cells reduced their drug resistance(P<0.01)and proliferative ability(Si-NC+OXA:411±8.29;Si-FGFR1+OXA:233.33±20.55)and increased their apoptotic rate(Si-NC+OXA:2.85±0.17;Si-FGFR1+OXA:14.42±0.77).FGFR1 inhibited the activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and cell apoptosis and improved the proliferation and drug resistance of the CRC cells.By contrast,an activator of the PI3K/AKT pathway blocked the effects of FGFR1 on this sig-naling pathway and drug resistance in the CRC cells.Conclusions:FGFR1 can inhibit the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and thereby reduce the sensitivity of CRC cells to OXA.

Objective To explore the effects and potential mechanism of electroacupuncture at acute phase on cognitive dysfunction at later stage in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).Methods Totally 39 SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group,model group and electroacupuncture group,with 13 rats in each group.MCAO model was established by Zea Longa thread embolism method in model group and electroacupuncture group.The sham-operation group only separated blood vessels.Electroacupuncture group was treated with electroacupuncture at"Baihui"and"Shenting"acupoints at 5 min and 6 h after model establishment respectively,for 30 min.The body mass,modified neuropathy severity scale(mNSS),and percentage of stiff immobility time of rats were monitored weekly,Nissl staining was used to observe the morphology of hippocampal tissue on the 28 d,immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of Ki67,dual cortin(DCX)and neuronal differentiation factor 1(NeuroD1)in dentate gyrus of the hippocampus,the expression of synaptic vesicle protein 2A(SV2A)protein in dentate gyrus of hippocampus was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the sham-operation group,on the first day after operation,the body mass of the model group rats decreased,then gradually increased,and on the 28th day,the body mass was still lower than that of the sham-operation group(P<0.05);on the first day after operation,the mNSS score significantly increased,gradually decreased thereafter,and remained higher than the sham-operation group until the 28th day(P<0.01);the percentage of stiff immobility time significantly decreased on the first day after operation,gradually stabilized,and remained lower than the sham-operation group on the 28th day(P<0.05);the hippocampal tissue structure was significantly damaged,and the density of Ki67+DCX+NeuroD1 positive cells in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus was significantly increased(P<0.05),the expression of SV2A protein in the dentate gyrus of hippocampal was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the body mass of rats in the electroacupuncture group showed an increasing trend(P<0.05),the mNSS score decreased(P<0.01),and the percentage of stiff immobility time increased(P<0.05);the ischemic injury area was significantly reduced,the structure was clearer,and the disordered and irregularly cells arrangement were reduced,the density of Ki67+DCX+NeuroD1 positive cells in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus significantly increased(P<0.05),and the expression of SV2A protein in the dentate gyrus of hippocampal significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at acute phase at"Baihui"and"Shenting"can promote the recovery of cognitive dysfunction in MCAO rats in the later stage,and its mechanism may be related to enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus,promoting neurogenesis.

Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are a recently defined subtype of non-recirculating memory T cells with longevity and protective functions in peripheral tissues. As an essential frontline defense against infections, TRM cells have been reported to robustly patrol the tissue microenvironment in malignancies. Accumulating evidence also implicates that TRM cells in the relapse of chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and vitiligo. In light of these developments, this review aims to synthesize these recent findings to enhance our understanding of TRM cell characteristics and actions. Therefore, after providing a brief overview of the general features of the TRM cells, including precursors, homing, retention, and maintenance, we discuss recent insights gained into their heterogeneous functions in skin diseases. Specifically, we explore their involvement in conditions such as psoriasis, vitiligo, fixed drug eruption - dermatological manifestations of drug reactions at the same spot, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, and melanoma. By integrating these diverse perspectives, this review develops a comprehensive model of TRM cell behavior in various skin-related pathologies. In conclusion, our review emphasizes that deciphering the characteristics and mechanisms of TRM cell actions holds potential not only for discovering methods to slow cancer growth but also for reducing the frequency of recurrent chronic inflammation in skin tissue.
Humans ; Skin Diseases/immunology* ; Memory T Cells/immunology* ; Animals ; Vitiligo/immunology* ; Psoriasis/immunology* ; Immunologic Memory

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of cone-beam CT (CBCT) images for radiotherapy dose calculation in pelvic tumors. METHODS: An improved volumetric density coverage method was used to establish CT value-relative electron density (RED) curves for CBCT images. The planning CT plans were transferred to the CBCT images, and the constructed density curves were applied to calculate doses for CBCT plans while maintaining the optimization parameters unchanged. Dose calculation deviations between the two plans were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean differences in dosimetric parameters for the target volume and organs at risk (OAR) between the two plans were less than 1% and 1.5%, respectively. The target conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), and gamma passing rates were highly consistent, with no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION CBCT images corrected by this method can be used for dose calculation in pelvic tumor radiotherapy planning.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods* ; Humans ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Pelvic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging*