ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Wenyang Jiedu granules （WYJD） alleviate influenza A virus （IAV）-induced pneumonia based on single-cell transcriptome sequencing. MethodsThirty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a blank control group （Control）， IAV group， and WYJD low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （WYJD-L， WYJD-M， WYJD-H； 2.925， 5.85， 11.7 g·kg^-1， n=6）. Except for the Control group， all other groups were intranasally inoculated with IAV subtype H1N1 （A/PR/8/34） to establish an infection model. Two hours after modeling， drug administration was initiated and continued for 5 consecutive days， with daily monitoring of body weight and general condition. On day 6， mice were sacrificed and samples were collected. Lung index was calculated， and histopathological examination of lung tissue was performed. Lung tissues from the Control， IAV， and WYJD-H groups were subjected to single-cell transcriptome sequencing （n=3）， focusing on type I alveolar epithelial cells （AT1） to analyze changes in gene expression and signaling pathways. Western blot was used to detect the expression changes of relevant proteins to validate the single-cell sequencing results. ResultsCompared with the Control group， the IAV group exhibited significantly decreased body weight （P<0.05） and significantly increased lung index （P<0.05）. Compared with the IAV group， all WYJD-treated groups exhibited significantly increased body weight （P<0.01） and significantly decreased lung index （P<0.01）. Single-cell sequencing analysis revealed that WYJD inhibited overactivation of interferon and inflammatory signaling pathways in AT1 cells after IAV infection， including interferon-γ response， interferon-α response， tumor necrosis factor-α/nuclear factor-κB （TNF-α/NF-κB）， and interleukin-6/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （IL-6/JAK/STAT3） pathways. Compared with the Control group， the number of AT1 cells in the IAV group showed a decreasing trend. Compared with the IAV group， the WYJD-H group showed an increasing trend， although neither difference was statistically significant. Further analysis of AT1 cell subpopulation gene expression showed that， compared with the Control group， the IAV group exhibited increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes FAS cell surface death receptor （FAS） and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A （CDKN1A）， a significant increase in tumor protein p53 （Tp53） expression （P<0.05）， and significant decreases in expression of the AT1 marker gene advanced glycosylation end-product-specific receptor （AGER） and membrane structural gene caveolin1 （CAV1） （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the IAV group， the WYJD-H group showed significantly decreased expression of FAS， CDKN1A， and Tp53 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and significantly increased expression of AGER and CAV1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Regarding interferon response-related genes， compared with the Control group， the IAV group showed increased expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15 （ISG15）， interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 （IFIT3）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 （STAT2）， bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 （BST2）， and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 （CXCL10）， with a significant increase in 2′，5′-oligoadenylate synthetase-like protein 1 （OASL1） （P<0.05）. Compared with the IAV group， the WYJD-H group showed significantly decreased expression of all the above genes， with highly significant differences for ISG15， IFIT3， STAT2， BST2， and OASL1 （P<0.01）， and a significant difference for CXCL10 （P<0.05）. Among inflammation-related genes， compared with the Control group， the IAV group showed significantly increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 （ICAM1）， tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 （TNFAIP3）， keratin 8 （KRT8）， tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A （TNFRSF1A）， and TNFRSF1B （P<0.01）， and increased expression of NFKBIA， a negative regulator of NF-κB （P<0.05）. Compared with the IAV group， the WYJD-H group showed significantly decreased expression of KRT8 and TNFRSF1B （P<0.05）， while ICAM1， NFKBIA， TNFAIP3， and TNFRSF1A showed decreasing trends without statistical significance. Western blot validation showed that， compared with the Control group， protein expression levels of ISG15， FAS， p53， and phosphorylated p65 （p-p65） in lung tissue of the IAV group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the IAV group， the WYJD-H group showed significantly decreased expression of these proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionWYJD may alleviate viral pneumonia by targeting gene expression in AT1 cells， inhibiting overactivated interferon and inflammatory signaling pathways after IAV infection， and downregulating pro-apoptotic signaling， thereby reducing alveolar epithelial injury.

The Notice on the Implementation Plan for the"Weight Management Year"Campaign emphasized the significant value of hospitals in optimizing residents'dietary structures and scientific weight management.In re-sponse to the policy,multidisciplinary professional forces in hospitals have joined the nutrition prescription services.However,the different professional backgrounds and varying levels of competence of the prescribers have made the drawbacks in the management of nutrition prescription authority from hospitals increasingly prominent.Therefore,based on an analysis of the practical issues and background of hospital nutrition prescription authority management,it clarifies the hierarchical structure of management of hospital nutrition prescription authority from the dual perspec-tives of power and risk,and explores practical pathways for hierarchical management and aims to provide valuable references for hospitals to effectively meet residents'weight management demands.

The Notice on the Implementation Plan for the"Weight Management Year"Campaign emphasized the significant value of hospitals in optimizing residents'dietary structures and scientific weight management.In re-sponse to the policy,multidisciplinary professional forces in hospitals have joined the nutrition prescription services.However,the different professional backgrounds and varying levels of competence of the prescribers have made the drawbacks in the management of nutrition prescription authority from hospitals increasingly prominent.Therefore,based on an analysis of the practical issues and background of hospital nutrition prescription authority management,it clarifies the hierarchical structure of management of hospital nutrition prescription authority from the dual perspec-tives of power and risk,and explores practical pathways for hierarchical management and aims to provide valuable references for hospitals to effectively meet residents'weight management demands.

Phase separation is an important mechanism that mediates the compartmentalization of proteins in cells. Proteins that can undergo phase separation in cells share certain typical sequence features, like intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and multiple modular domains. Sequence-based analysis tools are commonly used in the screening of these proteins. However, current phase separation predictors are mostly designed for IDR-containing proteins, thus inevitably overlook the phase-separating proteins with relatively low IDR content. Features other than amino acid sequence could provide crucial information for identifying possible phase-separating proteins:pro-tein–protein interaction (PPI) networks show multivalent interactions that underlie phase separation process; post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial in the regulation of phase separation behavior;spherical structures revealed in immunofluorescence (IF) images indicate condensed dro-plets formed by phase-separating proteins, distinguishing these proteins from non-phase-separating proteins. Here, we summarize the sequence-based tools for predicting phase-separating proteins and highlight the importance of incorporating PPIs, PTMs, and IF images into phase separation prediction in future studies.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety between minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in the treatment of humeral shaft fracture.Methods Case-control studies and randomized clinical trials comparing MIPO with ORIF in the treatment of humeral shaft fracture from January 2010 to June 2018 were retrieved from PubMed Library,Cochrane Library,Embase Library,China National Knowledge Internet and Wanfang Data.Methodological quality of the studies and trials was critically assessed.REVMANS.3 was used for data analysis.The 2 groups of patients were compared in terms of University of California,Los Angeles shoulder rating scale (UCLA),Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS),union time,nonunion rate and complications.Results A total of 452 patients from 9 articles were included.There were 216 cases in the MIPO group and 236 ones in the ORIF group.The Meta analyses showed that the MIPO group had a significantly higher UCLA score (WMD =0.36,P=0.03),significantly lower incidences of complications (OR =-0.15,P ＜ 0.05) and iatrogenie radial nerve palsy (OR =0.24,P ＜ 0.05),and significantly shorter union time (SMD =-0.36,P =0.02) than the ORIF group.There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in MEPS (WMD =-0.48,P =0.43) or nonunion rate (OR =0.45,P =0.11).Conclusion MIPO may be a better choice for humeral shaft fracture than ORIF in regards to postoperative shoulder functions,union time,and incidences of complications and iatrogenic radial nerve palsy.

Objective To investigate the effect of POSTN protein on the proliferation of chondrocytes of tibial plateau in old rats.Methods Cartilage cells collected from the tibial plateau of old rats were cultured in vitro to the third generation.Then the cells were divided into 3 groups:POSTN group,PBS group and POSTN antibody group.The proliferations of the three groups at 24 h,48 h and 72 h were determined by EDU method.The expression of Notch1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in all groups at the same time.Female 20-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:POSTN protein injection group,Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) injection group and POSTN antibody injection group.Twelve weeks after the operation,related reagents were injected 3 times consecutively at day 1,day 3,day 5 and EDU was injected into joints at day 1.At 2 weeks after injection,the rats were killed and the knee tibial plateau was taken to observe the proliferation of the cartilage cells.Results At 24 h,there were differences between the three groups O(F=27.32,P=0.017).The proliferation rates of POSTN group [(23±8)％] and PBS group [(21±10)％] were higher than that of POSTN antibody group (16±5)(P=0.003,P=0.011).At 48 h,there were differences between the three groups (F=35.34,P＜0.01).The proliferation rate of POSTN group [(36±11)％] was higher than that of the other groups [(22±6)％],(18±6)％(P=0.021,P＜0.01).At 72h,there were differences between the three groups (F=52.62,P=0.000).The proliferation rate of POSTN group [(56±17)％] was the highest one,the proliferation rate of PBS group [(31±8)％] was the medium,and the POSTN antibody group [(26±7)％] was the lowest one (all P＜0.05).As for Notch1 protein expression in chondrocytes,there were differences between the three groups (F=26.72,P＜0.01).The Notch1 protein was the most frequently expressed in POSTN protein-injection group and the least in the anti-POSTN group.In rats,the proliferation rate of the chondrocytes in the medial tibia plateau of the knee of POSTN protein injection group [(36±14)％],which was the highest,and that of the POSTN antibody injection group [(10 ±4)％] was the lowest (all P＜0.05).Conclusion POSTN protein can promote the proliferation of chondrocytes knee OA rats.POSTN antibody injection has been shown to induce the proliferation of chondrocytes.The POSTN protein may promote the proliferation of chondrocytes by activating the Notch signaling pathway.

Objective To study the association between the expression of periostin and the occurrence and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in synovial fluid.Methods The expression level of periostin in the synovial fluid of healthy people and patients with different stages of OA was tested.Furthermore,60 surgical-induced OA rat model were divided into two groups,the sham operation group had only implemented slit suture,and the OA model group had one side anterior cruciate ligament transected.The expression of periostin in intra-articular injection samples were analyzed at 1,2,4,8,12 week.Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) were performed after surgery at 4,8,12 week on the surgery knee.Gross morphologic lesions on the tibial plateau in rats were visualized by India ink staining,toluidine blue staining,cartilage permeation test.The synovium were visualized by HE staining and periostin were detected by immunohistoc hemistry.The measurement data were compared by one factor analysis of variance test.Results The expression of periostin in cartilage was lower in late-stage OA than the one from normal and early-stage OA (F=13.95,P＜0.01).The FMT showed that there was no obvious change in the extent of chronic inflammation in the sham operation group,and the chronic inflammatory degree of the OA model group gradually increased as time went on.Toluidine blue staining and cartilage permeation test showed that the cartilage degeneration in rat model of OA became more and more serious with time.There was no stastically significant difference of the periostin in control groutp at different time stage (F=0.67,P=0.53).The periostin in the intra-articular increased at first and then decreased with the development of OA (F=11.0,P＜0.05).HE staining of synovial tissue showed that the degree of synovial hyperplasia was consistent with the degree of degeneration of joints.With the extension of time,the expression of periostin in synovial tissue increased gradually.Conclusion The expression of periostin in human synovial fluid is low in normal knee joint,increases in early and middle stages,and decreases in late stage.The rat model indicates that the expression of periostin increases first and then decreases with the development of OA,but the expression in synovium increases gradually with the development of OA.The increased expression of periostin in synovial fluid may serve as an early diagnostic marker for OA and downregulation of the periostin may be a start marker for the late OA.