OBJECTIVE:Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation have shown positive effects in improving gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy.A network meta-analysis was performed to analyze the clinical efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation on the improvement of lower limb motor function and gait in children with cerebral palsy.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCT)about repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation on lower limb motor function and gait in children with cerebral palsy were collected from CNKI,WanFang,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,Web of Science,Medline.The search time limit was from the inception to October 5,2024.After screening literature,extracting data and evaluating the risk of bias of included studies,Stata 15.0 software was used for network meta-analysis,AND GRADE profiler was used for quality evaluation.RESULTS:A total of 19 studies were included,involving 4 treatment measures:conventional therapy,high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and anodic transcranial direct current stimulation.The results of network meta-analysis showed that in terms of improving gross motor function,low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation[mean difference(MD)=9.48,95％confidence interval(CI)(6.61,12.34),P＜0.05]was the most effective.In terms of alleviating spasticity,high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation[MD=-0.63,95％CI(-1.72,0.45),P＜0.05]had the best efficacy.In terms of improving ankle joint range of motion and step speed,transcranial direct current stimulation[MD=2.27,95％CI(1.37,3.17),P＜0.05;MD=0.11,95％CI(0.05,0.17),P＜0.05]was the most effective.CONCLUSION:Existing clinical evidence suggests that low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has the best therapeutic effect compared with other intervention measures in terms of improving lower limb gross motor function.In terms of reducing spasticity,high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has a more significant effect.In terms of improving gait,transcranial direct current stimulation has more advantages.

ObjectiveTo explore the microbiological characteristics of Staphylococcus epidermidis with hemolytic phenotype （SEHP）. MethodsHemolytic phenotype was detected using the three-point inoculation method， involving a total of 5 strains of SEHP and 5 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis with non-hemolytic phenotype （SENHP） . Bacterial species were identified using the Microflex LT MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer， and a phylogenetic tree was constructed through 16S rRNA sequence alignment. Growth curves were monitored through the microcultivation assay. Biofilm formation ability was assessed by microplate crystal violet staining. Red blood cell toxicity was detected using the microplate method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of SEHP and SENHP against commonly used antibiotics was performed using a VITEK 2 GP639 test kit. Antagonistic effects of SEHP and SENHP against Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium striatum were evaluated by the Oxford cup inhibition assay. ResultsCompared with SENHP， SEHP exhibited a marked decrease in growth rate during the late logarithmic phase， accompanied by significant hemolytic toxicity. Additionally， it showed lower resistance rates to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin， and could antagonize Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium striatum. ConclusionThe microbiological characteristics of SEHP differ from those of SENHP in that SEHP demonstrates antagonistic effects against S. aureus and C. striatum.

OBJECTIVE:Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation have shown positive effects in improving gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy.A network meta-analysis was performed to analyze the clinical efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation on the improvement of lower limb motor function and gait in children with cerebral palsy.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCT)about repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation on lower limb motor function and gait in children with cerebral palsy were collected from CNKI,WanFang,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,Web of Science,Medline.The search time limit was from the inception to October 5,2024.After screening literature,extracting data and evaluating the risk of bias of included studies,Stata 15.0 software was used for network meta-analysis,AND GRADE profiler was used for quality evaluation.RESULTS:A total of 19 studies were included,involving 4 treatment measures:conventional therapy,high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and anodic transcranial direct current stimulation.The results of network meta-analysis showed that in terms of improving gross motor function,low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation[mean difference(MD)=9.48,95％confidence interval(CI)(6.61,12.34),P＜0.05]was the most effective.In terms of alleviating spasticity,high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation[MD=-0.63,95％CI(-1.72,0.45),P＜0.05]had the best efficacy.In terms of improving ankle joint range of motion and step speed,transcranial direct current stimulation[MD=2.27,95％CI(1.37,3.17),P＜0.05;MD=0.11,95％CI(0.05,0.17),P＜0.05]was the most effective.CONCLUSION:Existing clinical evidence suggests that low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has the best therapeutic effect compared with other intervention measures in terms of improving lower limb gross motor function.In terms of reducing spasticity,high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has a more significant effect.In terms of improving gait,transcranial direct current stimulation has more advantages.

In view of the few studies on the influence of Armillaria spp. infection on the content of the chemical components in different parts of Polyporus umbellatus sclerotia, this study determined the biomass of P. umbellatus sclerotia and the contents of ergosterol, polyporusterone A, polyporusterone B and polysaccharide in the separated cavity wall of the sclerotia and the uninfected part of the sclerotia in different harvesting years under the conditions of A. gallica and A. mellea infection respectively. According to the difference of content and dynamic changes of the polysaccharide and the steroid substances, the superior Armillaria sp. was screened to obtain the best harvest years of P. umbellatus. Using HPLC and UV-VIS spectrophotometry methods, the contents of ergosterol, polyporusterone A, polyporusterone B and polysaccharide in P. umbellatus sclerotia infected by the two Armillaria spp. in different years were determined. In addition, the differentially expressed genes related to P. umbellatus polysaccharide synthesis were screened according to the transcriptomic data of different parts of P. umbellatus after A. mellea infection. With the increase of years, the biomass of sclerotia infected by different Armillaria spp. had significant differences, and there were significant differences in the four components of sclerotia. The four components of the separated cavity wall of the sclerotia were significantly higher than those of the uninfected part. The best harvest time was the third year after cultivation. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the infection of Armillaria spp. could significantly promote polysaccharide synthesis, which provided a basis for polysaccharide content determination at the molecular level. The study clarified the influence of different Armillaria spp. infection on the accumulation of chemical components of P. umbellatus sclerotia, laying a foundation for exploring the symbiosis mechanism and provided a scientific clue for screening superior Armillaria sp. and guiding the artificial cultivation of P. umbellatus sclerotia.

Gut microbiota is the microbial community that is specifically planted in the human gut and interacts with the human body.It plays an important role in the human body by regulating the basal metabolism and immunity of the host to maintain the homeostasis of the human body.Once the intestinal flora is dysregulated,it can lead to multi-system diseases.Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an organ-specific autoimmune disease.The pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is complex and its incidence is increasing year by year,which is gradually becoming a serious public health disease affecting the world.In recent years,the relationship between gut microbiota and bridge onychitis has received extensive attention.A large number of studies have shown that the richness and diversity of intestinal flora in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients are changed compared with healthy people.Studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine therapy can play a role in treating this disease by regulating intestinal flora.This article systematically summarizes the relationship between the two and the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on the treatment of bridge onychitis by regulating intestinal flora,so as to provide some reference for research in this field.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of different conventional ultrasound-based radiomics models and their combination with clinical ultrasound features in the pathological subtyping of renal cell carcinoma.Methods:Retrospective data from 286 patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma by pathology at the Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University between May 1，2017 and June 7，2024 were collected. Among the 286 patients，203 were clear cell carcinoma，44 were papillary renal cell carcinoma，and 39 were chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. The patients were randomly divided into a training group（201 cases）and a validation group（85 cases）in a ratio of 7 to 3. Regions of interest（ROI）were delineated on conventional ultrasound images，and the radiomics features were extracted. Feature selection was performed using Student's t-test，Pearson correlation，and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator（LASSO）. Six different machine learning methods included category gradient boosting（CatBoost），light gradient boosting machine（LightGBM），Logistic regression（LR），random forest（RF），support vector machine（SVM）and extreme gradient boosting（XGBoost）were used to establish radiomics models. Weight balancing was applied to correct for sample imbalance，and an imaging genomics model was constructed after balancing the samples. Independent predictors of renal cell carcinoma subtyping were selected from clinical ultrasound features using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses，and a clinical imaging model was constructed. The best-performing radiomics model was combined with the clinical independent predictors to construct a combined model. Receiver operating characteristic curves and the obuchowski index were plotted to evaluate model performance. Results:Among the radiomics models，the model constructed using Random Forest（RS RF）after balancing the samples exhibited the best predictive performance，with area under the curve（AUCs）of 0.918（micro-average ROC）and 0.903（macro-average ROC），and the obuchowski index was 0.885 in the validation group. The long and short axes of ultrasound image tumor masses were used as imaging independent predictors to construct a clinical imaging model. In the validation group，the AUCs of the clinical model were 0.886（micro-average ROC）and 0.606（macro-average ROC），and the obuchowski index was 0.569. The combined model achieved AUCs of 0.888（micro-average ROC）and 0.967（macro-average ROC），with an obuchowski index of 0.933，outperforming any single model. Conclusions:The combination of conventional ultrasound-based radiomics models with clinical ultrasound features demonstrates high diagnostic value in differentiating clear cell carcinoma，papillary renal cell carcinoma，and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. It may serve as an auxiliary tool for providing timely and effective clinical guidance.

Objective To explore the value of multimodal MRI combined with digital breast 3D tomography(DBT)in evaluating lymphatic vascular infiltration(LVI)in patients with invasive breast cancer-non special type(IBC-NST)mass type.Methods A total of 102 patients with IBC-NST mass type were divided into LVI group and non LVI group based on whether LVI occurred.The influencing factors of LVI were analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression.Clinical value of multimodal MRI combined with DBT in evaluating LVI in patients with IBC-NST mass type were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Multivariate logistic analysis showed that apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value,maximum tumor diameter and peritumoral edema were independent risk factors for LVI in IBC-NST mass type(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of ADC value,maximum tumor diameter and peritumoral edema alone and in combination for LVI in patients with IBC-NST mass type were 0.749,0.655,0.638 and 0.791,respectively.Conclusion ADC value and its combined application model have high efficacy in evaluating LVI in patients with IBC-NST mass type.

Objective:To construct a VP8-mRNA vaccine using human rotavirus spike protein VP8 domain as the immunogen and analyze its immunogenicity in mice.Methods:The VP8-mRNA sequence was designed, optimized, and synthesized. The VP8 gene of rotavirus G1P[8] type was used to construct the plasmid pUC57-VP8-Kan-SapⅠ, which was then sequenced. The plasmid confirmed by sequencing was subjected to large-scale amplification and extraction, followed by linearization, in vitro transcription, and capping. The purified capped products were encapsulated with lipid nanoparticles using a microfluidic control apparatus. The encapsulated VP8-mRNA vaccine was administered intramuscularly to mice at 10, 15, and 20 μg. Serum samples were collected for antibody detection by ELISA. Cellular immune responses were detected by flow cytometry and ELISPOT. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way or two-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer test. Results:The encapsulated VP8-mRNA vaccine was rounded and spherical, with a particle size of about 100 nm, a polymer dispersion index of 0.088, and an encapsulation rate of 92.3%. Two doses of VP8-mRNA vaccine immunization could induce a good immune response in mice. The level of IgG antibody induced after immunization in the 15 μg group was comparable to that of the 20 μg group, and there was no statistical difference ( P>0.05), but the antibody levels in the two groups were significantly higher than that in the 10 μg group ( P<0.000 1). VP8-mRNA vaccine could induce neutralizing antibodies against rotavirus G1 and G9 types. The highest level of neutralizing antibodies against rotavirus type G1 was observed in the 15 μg group, which was significantly higher than that in the 10 μg group ( P<0.05). All immunization groups exhibited good neutralizing ability against rotavirus G9 type. The results of ELISPOT showed that lymphocytes from mice in each vaccine group were able to secrete IFN-γ when stimulated with VP8 peptide. Flow cytometry showed that the proportions of CD8 + T cell subsets in the vaccine groups were higher than that in the control group. Conclusion:The VP8-mRNA vaccine has good immunogenicity in mice and can induce good humoral and T-cell immune responses.

BACKGROUND:Intestinal flora is a diverse and dynamic microbial community located in the human gastrointestinal tract,which plays a crucial role in maintaining human immunity and health.In recent years,the concept of"gut-lung axis"has been proposed,suggesting that intestinal flora is closely related to the lung,and exercise can regulate respiratory diseases by maintaining the balance of intestinal flora.OBJECTIVE:To review the relationship between intestinal flora and different respiratory diseases such as pneumonia,lung cancer,asthma and chronic pulmonary obstruction,and the influence of different exercise modes on intestinal flora and respiratory diseases,providing new ideas for an in-depth exploration of the mechanisms by which exercise regulates the role of intestinal flora in respiratory diseases.METHODS:CNKI and PubMed databases were searched for relevant literature published from 1944 to 2024,using the search terms of"intestinal flora,gut bacteria,respiratory illness,pneumonia,lung cancer,asthma,chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases,aerobic exercise,resistance training"in Chinese and English,respectively.Totally 101 documents were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Intestinal flora plays an important role in the regulation of respiratory diseases such as pneumonia,lung cancer,asthma and chronic pulmonary obstruction diseases.(2)Different exercise modes are closely related to intestinal flora.Aerobic exercise can play a beneficial role in the regulation of intestinal flora by improving insulin sensitivity,increasing microbial diversity and inhibiting systemic chronic inflammation.Resistance exercise can decrease the permeability of intestinal mucosa and promote the production of short-chain fatty acids.Aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise can also increase the diversity of intestinal flora and affect the composition of intestinal flora.(3)Exercise can improve respiratory diseases by regulating inflammatory response and reducing oxidative stress damage as well as improving cardiopulmonary function and exercise performance.(4)Exercise plays a key role in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases by regulating intestinal flora,inhibiting inflammatory response,regulating oxidative stress,improving intestinal barrier permeability and maintaining intestinal flora homeostasis.

Objective To compare the long-term survival of elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with surgical versus non-surgical treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of elderly patients aged ≥70 years with ESCC who underwent esophagectomy or radiotherapy/chemotherapy at Sichuan Cancer Hospital from January 2009 to September 2017. Patients were divided into a surgical group (S group) and a non-surgical group (NS group) according to the treatment method. The propensity score matching method was used to match the two groups of patients at a ratio of 1∶1, and the survival of the two groups before and after matching was analyzed. Results A total of 726 elderly patients with ESCC were included, including 552 males and 174 females, with 651 patients aged ≥70-80 years and 75 patients aged ≥80-90 years. There were 515 patients in the S group and 211 patients in the NS group. The median follow-up time was 60.8 months, and the median overall survival of the S group was 41.9 months [95%CI (35.2, 48.5)], while that of the NS group was only 24.0 months [95%CI (19.8, 28.3)]. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates of the S group were 84%, 54%, and 40%, respectively, while those of the NS group were 72%, 40%, and 30%, respectively [HR=0.689, 95%CI (0.559, 0.849), P<0.001]. After matching, 138 patients were included in each group, and there was no statistical difference in the overall survival between the two groups [HR=0.871, 95%CI (0.649, 1.167), P=0.352]. Conclusion Compared with conservative treatment, there is no significant difference in the long-term survival of elderly patients aged ≥70 years who undergo esophagectomy for ESCC. Neoadjuvant therapy combined with surgery is still an important choice to potentially improve the survival of elderly patients with ESCC.