Objective:To construct a "local-systemic" dual-track prediction model integrating the resistance index (RI) score of bilateral sacroiliac joints and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and to evaluate its predictive efficacy for the active stage of ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods:A total of 205 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) from the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University between April 2022 and April 2025 were retrospectively enrolled and categorized into an active group ( n=113) and a remission group ( n=92). Hematological parameters and ultrasound data were collected. The resistance index (RI) of the synovial area in bilateral sacroiliac joints was measured by Doppler ultrasound and scored as follows: RI < 0.5: 3 points; RI 0.5~0.55: 2 points; RI > 0.55: 1 point; undetectable blood flow: 0 points. A total bilateral RI score (range 0 to 6) was calculated. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) was derived as (neutrophils× platelets)/lymphocytes. Normality was tested for all continuous variables; normally distributed data were compared using the t-test, while non-normally distributed data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test or analysis of variance.Variable selection was performed using Lasso regression, and a multivariate logistic regression model was developed to assess predictive performance. Results:The proportion of patients with a bilateral RI total score≥5 was significantly higher in the active group compared to the remission group (50 of 113, 44.3% vs 2 of 92, 2.2%, χ2=55.63, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for confounding variables, identified the SII [ OR(95% CI)=1.01(1.00, 1.01), P<0.001], bilateral RI total score [ OR(95% CI)=1.67(1.29, 2.26), P<0.001], erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ OR(95% CI)=1.19(1.11, 1.30), P<0.001], and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [ OR(95% CI)=1.09(1.03, 1.17), P<0.001] as independent risk factors for active AS. Conversely, lymphocyte count [ OR(95% CI)=0.42(0.18, 0.92), P=0.030] and globulin [ OR(95% CI)=0.89(0.80, 0.99), P=0.040] were significantly associated with protective effects. The bilateral RI total score demonstrated the strongest predictive effect, with each 1-point increase associated with a 67% elevation in the risk of active disease. ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) for predicting whether AS is in the active disease phase was 0.94 for the combined model (SII+bilateral RI total score), compared with 0.93 for the SII-alone model and 0.92 for the bilateral RI total score-alone model, demonstrating superior predictive performance of the combined model (SII+bilateral RI total score). An online prediction tool has been developed based on the combined model. Conclusion:The dual-track prediction model, which integrates local joint hemodynamic characteristics and systemic immune-inflammatory status, facilitates a multidimensional assessment of the risk of active AS and provides an objective basis for early identification.

arcopenia is a systemic skeletal muscle disorder characterized by a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and progressive decline in function， with multiple signaling pathways involved in its occurrence and development. Among them， the AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK） signaling pathway， as a key pathway regulating cellular energy homeostasis， plays an important role in the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism and functional maintenance by improving abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism， balancing skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation， improving mitochondrial function， promoting autophagy， and inhibiting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. This article reviews the research progress on how various traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） monomers， including polyphenols， flavonoids， and terpenoids； various traditional Chinese medicine extracts， such as those from Lycium barbarum ， Asini Corii Colla， and Panax quinquefolium ， and TCM compounds， such as Guiqi zhuangjin decoction， Jianpi qiangji granules， and Qigu capsules， intervene in sarcopenia by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway to promote muscle protein synthesis， inhibit protein degradation， improve mitochondrial function， and alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress. Additionally， their molecular mechanisms are explored. The aim is to deeply elucidate the basis of TCM in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and to provide theoretical support for the development of related innovative drugs.

Neurological disorders such as post-stroke hemiplegia, spinal cord injury, and Parkinson disease represent a major global health burden. Brain-computer interface (BCI), which creates direct communication pathways between the nervous system and external devices, offers a promising strategy for functional restoration. The long-term efficacy of such BCI fundamentally depends on the performance of biomaterials at the neural interface. Ideal materials must concurrently satisfy biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, enduring chemical stability, and mechanical compatibility with brain tissue. This review systematically outlines the application of conductive polymers, inorganic nanomaterials, natural biomaterials, and composites in BCI, with a focus on how advanced designs, such as bionic and encapsulated electrodes, improve signal fidelity and surgical feasibility through structural innovation. It further summarizes key material-modification techniques and analyzes the complex foreign-body response orchestrated by microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells. Finally, it provides insights into future research directions and clinical translation of BCI-based neurorehabilitation, while highlighting critical challenges including long-term biosafety and the establishment of standardized evaluation frameworks, aiming to bridge the gap between laboratory innovation and effective clinical deployment.

Objective To explore the number of peripheral blood regulatory T cells (Treg) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its correlation with vascular calcification. Methods This was a single-center, cross-sectional, and observational study. Non-dialysis patients with CKD treated at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from March 2021 to March 2022 were enrolled. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) was assessed using lateral abdominal X-ray. Number of Treg and cytokine levels were measured by flow cytometry. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the related factors for AAC in CKD patients. Results A total of 83 patients were included, aged 17–86 years, with 57 males (68.7%). The distribution of CKD stages was as follows: stage G1 in 7 patients (8.4%), stage G2 in 17 patients (20.5%), stage G3 in 21 patients (25.3%), stage G4 in 19 patients (22.9%), and stage G5 in 19 patients (22.9%). No AAC was observed in patients with stages G1 and G2, while the prevalence of AAC in patients with stages G3, G4, and G5 was 23.8%, 21.1%, and 26.3%, respectively. Compared with stage G1 patients, those with stages G3–5 showed decreased number of peripheral blood Treg and elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17F (P＜0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for number of peripheral blood Treg in predicting AAC in CKD patients was 0.766 (95%CI 0.652–0.879, P＝0.002). Logistic regression analysis showed that decreased number of Treg was related factor for AAC in CKD patients (OR＝0.957, 95%CI 0.922–0.992, P＝0.018). Conclusion As CKD progresses, number of peripheral blood Treg significantly decreases, which is correlated with AAC in CKD patients.

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is a vascular lesion characterized by abnormal dilation of the coronary arteries, with complex pathogenesis and diverse clinical manifestations. CAE can be classified into primary and secondary types. This article aims to systematically review the epidemiology, definition, core pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical management strategies of primary CAE. It focuses on exploring the central roles and interactions of lipid metabolism disorders and chronic immune-inflammatory responses in the development and progression of the disease. Additionally, current therapeutic challenges and future research directions are discussed, with the goal of providing reference for clinical practice and basic research.

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease, is an autoimmune disorder affecting the orbital and periorbital tissues. Although the exact etiology of TAO remains to be fully elucidated, accumulating evidence has confirmed that oxidative stress plays a central role in driving its pathological progression. Oxidative stress not only directly damages orbital tissues but also promotes the initiation and development of the disease by modulating immune responses and tissue remodeling. In recent years, multiple studies demonstrate that antioxidants can ameliorate TAO symptoms by scavenging reactive oxygen species and alleviating orbital tissue oxidative damage. This review systematically summarizes the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of TAO, associated risk factors, and therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress, with the aim of providing new insights for the precise diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Objective To explore the non-invasive diagnostic criteria of magnetocardiography (MCG) for coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMVD), and its value in dynamically assessing drug treatment for CMVD. Methods Patients who presented with chest tightness or chest pain at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from September 2024 to March 2025 were consecutively enrolled, and all of whom had non-obstructive coronary arteries on angiography. Using the coronary angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance (caIMR) as the gold standard, patients were divided into a normal microcirculation group (caIMR≤40 U) and a CMVD group (caIMR＞40 U). MCG testing was performed using a domestic device (MD-U041001, Mind Medical). Patients in the CMVD group received adenosine treatment and underwent repeat MCG after medication. Differences in MCG parameters between the two groups were analyzed, and a diagnostic model was established. The value of the diagnostic model was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results A total of 311 patients were included, with 135 in the normal microcirculation group and 176 in the CMVD group. The CMVD group had a significantly higher proportion of males (61.9% vs 47.4%, P＝0.012), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels ([1.16±0.31] mmol/L vs [1.24±0.29] mmol/L, P＝0.029) than the normal group. Eleven MCG parameters showed significant differences between the two groups (P＜0.05), among which increased values of mfm_QR_epav, mfm_RS_epmse, space_zeroRTrot, as well as decreased value of mfm_QR_v1 were independent predictors of CMVD. The diagnostic model based on these 11 MCG parameters yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.688 (95%CI 0.629-0.747). The integrated diagnostic model combining clinical risk factors (male, smoking history, HDL-C) with MCG parameters had an AUC of 0.701 (95%CI 0.643-0.759). After adenosine treatment, patients in the CMVD group showed significant decreases in mfm_QR_epav (P＝0.010), mfm_RS_sad (P＝0.013), and mfm_RS_epmse (P＝0.046). Conclusions The model based on MCG parameters demonstrates good diagnostic ability for CMVD; dynamic changes in MCG parameters following adenosine intervention may serve as potential objective indicators for evaluating microcirculatory treatment efficacy.

Objective To explore the correlation between changes in spleen volume and stiffness before and after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 104 patients who underwent TIPS in the Department of Interventional Therapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, from January 1, 2023 to July 30, 2024. Spleen volume and stiffness were measured before and after surgery. Patients were divided into the overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) group and the non-OHE group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors correlated with OHE after TIPS. The predictive values of the related factors of OHE were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results OHE occurred in 34 patients (32.69%). Compared with the non-OHE group, the OHE group had a smaller percentage reduction in spleen volume after TIPS (P＜0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage reduction in spleen stiffness between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the percentage reduction in spleen volume was correlated with postoperative OHE (OR＝0.90, P＜0.001). ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for spleen volume reduction percentage in predicting postoperative OHE was 0.773, superior to spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS; Z＝2.088, P＝0.037). Conclusions Reduction in spleen volume after TIPS may be a protective factor against hepatic encephalopathy, while changes in spleen stiffness were not found to be correlated with its occurrence.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Huangkui capsules on targeted drug-related proteinuria in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of HCC patients with targeted drug-related proteinuria from June 2023 to December 2024 at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. According to the treatment plan, patients were divided into the conventional treatment group and the Huangkui combination treatment group (Huangkui capsules combined with conventional treatment), and the clinical efficacy between the two groups was compared. The logistic regression analysis was used to identify the main factors affecting treatment efficacy. Results The Huangkui combination treatment group (n＝29) showed a significantly higher overall effective rate (79.3% vs 42.3%, P＝0.005), and an earlier proteinuria improvement (median time: 3 months vs 6 months, P＝0.008) than the conventional treatment group (n＝26) . The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker (ARB) using (OR＝0.190, 95%CI 0.045-0.808, P＝0.025), targeted drug adjustment (OR＝0.132, 95%CI 0.030-0.581, P＝0.007), and Huangkui capsules using (OR＝0.168, 95%CI 0.039-0.730, P＝0.017) were protective factors for treatment efficacy of targeted drug-related proteinuria. Conclusions On the basis of conventional treatment, additive treatment with Huangkui capsules can alleviate targeted drug-related proteinuria faster and more effectively in HCC patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combining the replenishing qi and nourishing yin empirical formula with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 59 patients diagnosed with DME at Tongji Hospital of Tongji University or Shanghai Nanxiang Hospital, Jiading District from June 2019 to December 2022. Among them, 29 cases received intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (anti-VEGF group), while 30 cases received both intravitreal injection of ranibizumab and oral administration of the replenishing qi and nourishing yin empirical formula (combined treatment group). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score were compared between the two groups before treatment and at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks after treatment. Results Compared with before treatment, BCVA significantly improved (P＜0.05) and CMT significantly decreased (P＜0.05) at different time points after treatment in both groups. At 16, 20, and 24 weeks after treatment, BCVA in the combined treatment group was superior to that in the anti-VEGF group (P＜0.01). At 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks after treatment, CMT in the combined treatment group was lower than that in the anti-VEGF group (P＜0.01). Starting from week 8 after treatment, the TCM syndrome scores in the combined treatment group were lower than those in the anti-VEGF group (P＜0.01). Conclusions The replenishing qi and nourishing yin empirical formula could improve the efficacy of anti-VEGF therapy in DME patients, indicating that integrating traditional Chinese and Western medicine has certain clinical application value in treating DME.