Achondroplasia (ACH) is a common inherited skeletal dysplasia (inherited dwarfism) that compromises quality of life across the lifespan. In 2021, vosoritide became the first approved precision therapy for ACH and is now available in more than 40 countries. Compared with prior symptomatic measures, vosoritide has demonstrated favorable efficacy and a reassuring safety profile. Nevertheless, existing international ACH guidelines largely emphasize complication management and symptomatic care, and there is no unified consensus on pharmacologic therapy. To address this gap, an international expert group developed the International Consensus Guidelines for the Implementation and Monitoring of Vosoritide Therapy in Patients with Achondroplasia providing systematic recommendations that span the continuum of care - from initial patient contact and pre-treatment assessment to medication counseling, injection training, and long-term outcome monitoring. These recommendations complement and refine current management and nursing protocols for individuals with ACH and offer practical guidance for clinicians across diverse regions. This article highlights key elements of the guideline to provide evidence-based support and clinical direction for healthcare professionals in China treating children with ACH using vosoritide.
Humans ; Achondroplasia/drug therapy* ; Consensus ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Child

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of seven pediatric patients with Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) positive for the t(16;21)(p11;q22) FUS::ERG fusion gene. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out on the clinical data, treatment, and prognosis of seven AML patients with t(16;21)(p11;q22) FUS::ERG fusion gene admitted to Henan Children's Hospital between June 2015 and November 2024. Relevant literature was also reviewed. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Hospital (Ethics No.: 2024-102-001). RESULTS: Among 297 pediatric patients with AML, 7 cases (2.36%) were positive for the t(16;21)(p11;q22) FUS::ERG fusion gene, including 3 males and 4 females, with a median age of 11 years (range: 3 ~ 12 years). According to the FAB classification, these included 1 case of M2, 3 cases of M5, and 3 cases of AML-not otherwise specified (non-M3). All 7 patients were found to harbor the t(16;21)(p11;q22) translocation, with 3 cases showing additional chromosomal abnormalities. Immunophenotyping revealed universal expression of CD13, CD33, CD34, and CD117, with partial expression of CD56, CD4, CD64, CD123, CD15, CD38, CD11b, HLA-DR, cMPO, and CD16. One patient achieved complete remission (CR) after the first course of DAE (cytarabine + daunorubicin + etoposide) induction chemotherapy but relapsed and discontinued the treatment. Six patients received DAH (cytarabine + daunorubicin + homoharringtonine) induction therapy, of whom 2 achieved CR after two courses and underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), resulting in an overall CR rate of 42.86%. Five children did not receive allo-HSCT and had a median overall survival of 9 months (range: 6 ~ 18 months). Two children who underwent transplantation achieved bone marrow morphological and molecular biological relapse at 6 and 9 months post-transplantation, respectively. After receiving combined chemotherapy and donor lymphocyte infusion, one child failed to achieve remission and died at 22 months post-transplantation, while the other has been followed up to date with positive fusion gene status. Their overall survival was 25 months and 30 months, respectively. CONCLUSION The t(16;21)(p11;q22) FUS::ERG fusion gene is rare in pediatric AML and associated with poor prognosis. Allo-HSCT may mitigate the adverse prognostic impact of the FUS::ERG fusion gene and contribute to prolonged survival.
Humans ; Male ; Child ; Female ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy* ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics* ; Translocation, Genetic ; Retrospective Studies ; RNA-Binding Protein FUS/genetics* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics* ; Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics* ; Prognosis ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVES

The aim of the study is to estimate the cost of breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management in the Philippines. Specifically, it aims to identify the resource requirements and interventions related to breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management, measure resource volumes (number of units), learn to value resource items (unit costs), and determine the total cost of treatment per disease stage.

The study covered nine tertiary hospitals, seven of which were government hospitals and two were private hospitals, with all tertiary hospitals providing breast cancer services and accredited by Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC or PhilHealth) for the Z-Benefit Package. Interventions and services related to breast cancer included radiographic procedures, laboratory and imaging tests, chemotherapy drugs and medications, medical and surgical supplies, surgical rates (for breast surgery), accommodation, staff time and salary/professional fees, and other procedure fees. The study conducted in 2022, examined cost prices of breast cancer interventions and services from stage 1–3B.

Purposive and convenience sampling were used based on PhilHealth accreditation and willingness of hospitals to participate in the study. The study conducted a focus group discussion with oncologists, radiologists, anesthesiologists, and other health care providers to validate the clinical guideline used and to solicit inputs to the costing design, analysis framework, and tools for data collection. Data collection of financial cost information (charge price) was conducted using a set of costing matrices filled out by the various departments of the hospitals. Costs and median rates were calculated across hospitals on diagnostics and imaging tests, surgery costs of both public and private facilities, medical treatment, and radiotherapy.

Breast MRI, Breast Panel, and Chest CT Scan are the top 3 most expensive diagnostic procedures ranging from PhP 8,102.00 to PhP 9,800.00 per procedure. Surgical procedures for breast cancer at private hospitals and public hospitals showed huge differences in costs. The cost of a cycle of chemotherapy ranges from PhP 596.70 to PhP 3,700.00 per session, while the cost of targeted therapy can cost up to PhP 46,394.21 per session. A year of hormone therapy ranges from PhP 3,276.00 with the use of Tamoxifen, and up to PhP 68,284.00 with Goserelin. Aromatase inhibitors such as Anastrozole and Letrozole cost from PhP 18,000 to PhP 36,000, respectively. Multiple cycles depending on the diagnosis are prescribed per patient and used in combination with other chemotherapy medications or other therapies such as targeted therapy and hormone therapy are usually taken daily up to 5 to 10 years. Conventional radiotherapy can cost up to PhP 88,150.00 covering 28 sessions, CT simulation, and CT planning.

This cost study provides relevant information and better perspective on benefit development for the PHIC, policy development for Department of Health on where and how to focus their support for the patient’s financial preparedness to address medical and f inancial catastrophes.

PhilHealth needs to guide the health care providers of their costing method and to develop their own integrated, interoperable, and comprehensive cost data library.

It recommends that the government allocate budget and cover for screening and assessment for earlier stage diagnosis of patients and lower health expenditure costs on cancer treatment.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Medication errors pose substantial risks in hospitals, particularly concerning patient safety. These errors, occurring throughout the medication use process, are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in clinical practice. In the Philippines, there is a lack of evidence on the prevalence and effects of medication errors, emphasizing the need for further investigation. This study evaluated the prescribing, transcribing, and monitoring errors among inpatients under the Pulmonary Medicine Service of the Department of Medicine in the Philippine General Hospital.

This cross-sectional retrospective records review used the total population purposive sampling technique to examine eligible charts of inpatients with asthma and/or COPD from August 1 to December 31, 2022. The frequency, type, and severity of medication errors were determined. Linear regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the relationship between patient-related factors and medication errors, and length of hospital stay and mortality.

Fifty (50) out of 226 medical records were processed and analyzed. Included patients were predominantly older male adults. More than two-thirds of the patients were diagnosed with COPD while approximately one-fourth suffered from asthma. All patients were practicing polypharmacy and the vast majority presented with comorbidities. A total of 6,517 medication errors, predominantly prescribing errors (99.1%), were identified. Despite the high prevalence of medication errors, the majority were classified as “error, no harm” (98.8%), while only 1.17% were deemed as “error, harm.” As the frequency of prescribing errors increases in the power of three (rough approximation of e), from 1 to 3 to 9 to 27, etc., the expected hospital stay increases by 2.078 days (pCONCLUSION

All eligible patient charts had at least one medication error, with the majority being prescribing errors. Among the variables, prescribing errors significantly affected the length of stay, while severity of transcribing errors had a marginally significant effect. It is essential to develop comprehensive education and training initiatives and adopt a systematic approach to mitigate medication errors and promote patient safety.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES

The burden of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is felt worldwide with increasing number of diagnosed cases. A recommended treatment option for a longer remission is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after chemotherapy with cytarabine and an anthracycline antibiotic, either Idarubicin or Daunorubicin. In the Philippines, Doxorubicin, a cheaper and more accessible option for chemotherapy among those who have financial incapabilities. It is no longer part of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommendation for use however; it remains to be part of the Philippine National Clinical Practice Guideline in the treatment of AML. This leads us to wonder what the difference in outcome of patients who have received doxorubicin compared to those who received Idarubicin as induction chemotherapy.

This is a retrospective cohort study. Data was collected through chart review of AML patients admitted for induction chemotherapy. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients. Survival analysis was done using the Kaplan-Meier computation. The t-test for two proportions was used to compare outcomes between the two groups.

This study included 65 participants, 55 received idarubicin and 10 received doxorubicin. The average age of diagnosis in the Idarubicin group is 41.38 years, and 34.9 years in the Doxorubicin group. Majority of participants are females (58.18% vs 80%) and married (67.27% vs 60%). They are predominantly nonsmokers (89.09% vs 80%), with no maintenance medications (61.82% vs 70%), and comorbidities (70.91% vs 90%). There was no significant difference in the median overall survival of both groups (507 days vs 428 days, logrank test = 0.74).

Outcomes of this study leads us to conclude that Doxorubicin is not inferior to Idarubicin in terms of survival.

BACKGROUND

Since the advent of chemotherapy, cure rates for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) have improved significantly. With increased survival, patients must cope with long-term sequelae of their treatment, including early menopause. Unlike natural menopause, treatment-induced menopause may cause a sudden and dramatic decline in estrogen, which can lead to more severe symptoms.

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of menopausal symptoms among young GTN survivors and to determine the impact of these symptoms on their health-related quality of life (QoL).

Ninety GTN survivors (RESULTS

A total of 90 patients were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 33.06 years. Majority (81.1%) reported at least one menopausal symptom. The most prevalent symptoms were psychological symptoms, followed by somatic, then urogenital problems. Among those with an intact uterus, 8.2% reported permanent amenorrhea. Only Stage III/IV and the presence of total hysterectomy were significantly associated with menopausal symptoms. The presence of menopausal symptoms was significantly associated with poorer health-related QoL among the respondents.

Menopausal symptoms are prevalent among young GTN survivors, and these negatively affect their health-related QoL. Emphasis should be placed on recognizing and addressing these symptoms. Adjunctive procedures, especially hysterectomy, should be carefully considered because these are significantly associated with menopausal symptoms.

BACKGROUND

With the increasing cancer burden in the country, nurses’ exposure to chemotherapy is inevitable as they belong to the workforce responsible for its preparation, administration, and disposal. These drugs are hazardous and necessitate special precautions to avoid direct exposure. Essentially, their competency must be aligned with the recommended safety guidelines to maintain quality patient outcomes while ensuring their safety.

The primary aim was to determine the competency level of Oncology nurses in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitude. The results were used to develop a training program framework for competency enhancement.

A descriptive correlational quantitative study was utilized. The study was conducted from December 2023 to February 2024 across three regions in Luzon, Philippines. The study included 203 Oncology nurses who fit the inclusion criteria. Data were collected via a four-part online questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients.

Oncology nurses exhibited excellent knowledge (x̄ = 16.18) and skills (x̄ = 3.86) but only fair attitudes (x̄ = 2.92). Knowledge correlated negatively with skills (ρs = -0.45, pCONCLUSIONS

Oncology nurses demonstrate comprehensive knowledge and accurate and efficient skills but maintain a neutral attitude toward handling chemotherapeutic drugs. These results relate to the complex interplay between the competency dimensions. There are still gaps and areas needing improvement that should be addressed and supported to align their competencies, especially along the skills and attitude dimensions. Training programs anchored on evidence-based practices and regulatory standards, and promoting a favorable practice environment are vital for their competency development.

OBJECTIVES

The influence of weight change on the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) among adult Filipino patients with breast cancer remains unclear. Currently, there has been increasing evidence that weight gain during NAC is associated with increased recurrence risk and decreased survival. This study aimed to investigate this relationship and identify significant predictors of pathologic complete response (pCR), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

This is a retrospective study using data from 52 female patients who received NAC for stage II or III breast cancer and had complete records of weight before and after NAC. Significant predictors of pCR such as host factors and tumor characteristics and associations between weight change and pCR, OS and DFS were examined using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses.

The average weight of all patients before NAC was 57.0 kg while the average weight of all patients after NAC was 59.5 kg. The average BMI of all patients before NAC was 25.8 kg/m2. In total, 29 patients (55.8%) were classified in the overweight/obese (OW/OB) group, and the rest were classified in the normal weight/underweight (NW/UW) group. The pCR rate was 51.3% in the OW/OB group versus 48.7% in the NW/UW group (p = 0.11). Initial BMI was a significant factor for achieving pCR (hazard ratio, 3.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72-8.60, p = 0.001), suggesting that a higher initial BMI was associated with an increased likelihood of achieving pCR. Initial BMI was also an independent prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.0006) and DFS (p = 0.0005). On the other hand, no significant correlation was seen between pCR rates as well as OFS and DFS (p = 0.0551) among patients whose weight changed during the course of treatment.

These findings suggest that while initial weight may significantly predict pCR rates and affect DFS and OS, weight change during treatment may not be as influential. Further research is needed to validate these findings in more diverse and larger patient populations.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of the study is to estimate the cost of breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management in the Philippines. Specifically, it aims to identify the resource requirements and interventions related to breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management, measure resource volumes (number of units), learn to value resource items (unit costs), and determine the total cost of treatment per disease stage.

The study covered nine tertiary hospitals, seven of which were government hospitals and two were private hospitals, with all tertiary hospitals providing breast cancer services and accredited by Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC or PhilHealth) for the Z-Benefit Package. Interventions and services related to breast cancer included radiographic procedures, laboratory and imaging tests, chemotherapy drugs and medications, medical and surgical supplies, surgical rates (for breast surgery), accommodation, staff time and salary/professional fees, and other procedure fees. The study conducted in 2022, examined cost prices of breast cancer interventions and services from stage 1–3B.

Purposive and convenience sampling were used based on PhilHealth accreditation and willingness of hospitals to participate in the study. The study conducted a focus group discussion with oncologists, radiologists, anesthesiologists, and other health care providers to validate the clinical guideline used and to solicit inputs to the costing design, analysis framework, and tools for data collection. Data collection of financial cost information (charge price) was conducted using a set of costing matrices filled out by the various departments of the hospitals. Costs and median rates were calculated across hospitals on diagnostics and imaging tests, surgery costs of both public and private facilities, medical treatment, and radiotherapy.

Breast MRI, Breast Panel, and Chest CT Scan are the top 3 most expensive diagnostic procedures ranging from PhP 8,102.00 to PhP 9,800.00 per procedure. Surgical procedures for breast cancer at private hospitals and public hospitals showed huge differences in costs. The cost of a cycle of chemotherapy ranges from PhP 596.70 to PhP 3,700.00 per session, while the cost of targeted therapy can cost up to PhP 46,394.21 per session. A year of hormone therapy ranges from PhP 3,276.00 with the use of Tamoxifen, and up to PhP 68,284.00 with Goserelin. Aromatase inhibitors such as Anastrozole and Letrozole cost from PhP 18,000 to PhP 36,000, respectively. Multiple cycles depending on the diagnosis are prescribed per patient and used in combination with other chemotherapy medications or other therapies such as targeted therapy and hormone therapy are usually taken daily up to 5 to 10 years. Conventional radiotherapy can cost up to PhP 88,150.00 covering 28 sessions, CT simulation, and CT planning.

This cost study provides relevant information and better perspective on benefit development for the PHIC, policy development for Department of Health on where and how to focus their support for the patient’s financial preparedness to address medical and f inancial catastrophes.

PhilHealth needs to guide the health care providers of their costing method and to develop their own integrated, interoperable, and comprehensive cost data library.

It recommends that the government allocate budget and cover for screening and assessment for earlier stage diagnosis of patients and lower health expenditure costs on cancer treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Testicular tumours in childhood have diverse characteristics for different age ranges. This study aimed to describe the pattern, presentation and outcomes of primary testicular tumours in a paediatric population. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2010 to December 2020 on children (≤18 years) with a diagnosis of primary testicular tumour. Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, pathology, treatment and outcomes of these patients were analysed. The data were entered into IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.0. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were applied to find the statistical significance, which was set at P value ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The study included 115 males, with 85 (73.9%) patients in the prepubertal age range with a mean age of 2.53 ± 2.06 years and 30 (26.1%) patients in the postpubertal group with a mean age of 15.73 ± 1.25 years. Yolk sac tumour was the most common (62.6%) histological subtype. Majority (46.1%) of patients had stage I disease on presentation, while 29.6% had stage IV disease. All patients underwent upfront high inguinal radical orchiectomy, which was followed by platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy in 67% of the patients. The five-year event-free survival and overall survival for all patients were 75% and 91%, respectively. CONCLUSION Primary testicular tumours follow a bimodal age distribution pattern. Majority of patients can be cured with platinum-based chemotherapy despite having advanced disease at presentation.
Humans ; Male ; Testicular Neoplasms/mortality* ; Retrospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Orchiectomy/methods* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Treatment Outcome ; Neoplasm Staging ; Infant ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor/therapy* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal