Alzheimer's disease （AD） is the most common form of dementia， and disease-modifying treatments are currently lacking. In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， it is believed that kidney-essence deficiency is the internal mechanism of AD， and invigorating kidney and nourishing essence is the basic principle of TCM treatment of AD， which runs through the whole treatment process. Bushen Yizhi formula is a prescription for the treatment of AD， with rich experience in clinical practice. There have been massive literature reports on the treatment of AD with Bushen Yizhi formula， but its clinical safety is seldom studied， and its basic research is weak， with the active components and multi-target mechanism unclear. To clarify the mechanism of Bushen Yizhi formula in the treatment of AD with multiple components， targets and pathways， this paper summarized the research progress of Bushen Yizhi formula in the treatment of AD. We further collected 16 main chemical components of Bushen Yizhi formula based on HPLC fingerprints， and evaluated their druggability and safety. By combining network pharmacology and literature review on the important pathophysiological process of AD， we analyzed the active components and possible mechanisms of Bushen Yizhi formula targeting the cholinergic system and neuropathological characteristics of AD. This paper provided potential lead compounds for AD drug research and development， and a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Bushen Yizhi formula.