OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism of self-assembled nanoparticles from Shaoyao gancao decoction （SGD-SAN） on the intestinal absorption behavior of its main active components. METHODS SGD-SAN was prepared and characterized. Using an in-situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model in rats， the absorption characteristics of five active components （albiflorin， paeoniflorin， liquiritin apioside， liquiritin， glycyrrhizic acid） from SGD-SAN in the jejunum and ileum were studied， with the absorption rate constant （ K a ） and apparent permeability coefficient （ P eff ） as indicators， and compared with free drugs. In the intestinal segment with optimal absorption， the effects of drug concentration and efflux transporter inhibitors （P-glycoprotein inhibitor verapamil， multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 inhibitor indomethacin， breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor reserpine） on the intestinal absorption characteristics of these components were examined. RESULTS The obtained SGD-SAN exhibited a spherical shape with uniform sizes， an average particle diameter of （155.57±2.65） nm， a polydispersity index of 0.34±0.03， and a Zeta potential of （－9.30±1.12） mV. The average total content of five active components， including albiflorin， was 12.26%， and remained unaffected by enzymatic degradation and intestinal physical absorption. Compared with the free drug group， the five active components in the SGD-SAN group exhibited higher absorption rates in the ileal segment， with significantly elevated K a and P eff values （except for the P eff value of glycyrrhizic acid in the ileal segment） （ P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01）. Their absorption demonstrated a concentration-dependent trend. In the free drug groups， the absorption of each component was regulated by corresponding inhibitors （ P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01）； whereas in the SGD-SAN groups， except for albiflorin and paeoniflorin， the absorption of the remaining components was not affected by the inhibitors （ P ＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS SGD-SAN significantly enhances the intestinal absorption efficiency of active components. The above absorption-enhancing effect may be related to the avoidance of efflux transporter influence and the presence of a mixed absorption mode.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Huangqin decoction （HQD）-based self-assembled nanoparticles （SAN） co-loaded with terbinafine （TBF） （TBF-HQD-SAN NPs） on the transdermal absorption of TBF. METHODS High-speed centrifugation combined with dialysis was used to separate HQD-SAN， and TBF-HQD-SAN NPs were obtained by loading TBF using the ultrasound magnetic stirring method； the particle size distribution， Zeta potential and polydispersity index （PDI） of the nanoparticle were characterized， and the encapsulation efficiency （EE） and drug loading （DL） of TBF were determined； using in vitro and in vivo transdermal experiments， the differences in transdermal performance between TBF-HQD-SAN NPs and TBF raw materials， as well as TBF and HQD-SAN physical mixture （TBF-HQD-SAN PM）， were compared and analyzed. RESULTS TBF- HQD-SAN NPs were spherical with a particle size of （177.60±2.57） nm， a PDI of 0.197 4±0.007 9， and a Zeta potential of （－14.63±0.85） mV. The EE and DL of TBF were （99.49±0.71）% and （3.22±0.10）% ， respectively. In vitro transdermal experiments， compared with TBF raw materials， the steady-state permeation rate （Jss） and skin retention of TBF-HQD-SAN NPs increased by 3.34 times and 27.56 times， respectively （P＜0.05）； compared with TBF-HQD-SAN PM， its Jss and skinretention were increased by 2.04 times and 7.44 times， respectively （P＜0.05）. In vivo transdermal experiments 69号） showed that， the area under the drug-time curve and the maximum concentration of TBF-HQD-SAN NPs increased by 2.13 times and 2.06 times respectively compared to TBF raw materials， and increased by 1.59 times and 1.65 times respectively compared to TBF-HQD-SAN PM （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS TBF-HQD-SAN NPs can significantly enhance the in vitro and in vivo transdermal absorption efficiency and skin retention of TBF.

Objective To explore the risk factors for recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN)invasion in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)based on ultrasound image characteristics,construct a regression equation,and explore its predictive value for providing a reference for the clinical prevention and treatment of RLN invasion in PTC patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1 195 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with PTC in the Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University from January 2020 to November 2024.These patients were divided into invasion group(n=28)and non-invasion group(n=1167)according to whether they had RLN invasion or not.The clinical data,pathological data and ultrasound image characteristics were compared between two groups.The risk factors for RLN invasion in PTC patients were identified using multifactorial Logistic regression to construct a regression equation which was then evaluated using the likelihood ratioχ2.Moreover,the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was utilized to assess the goodness of fit,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to analyze the predictive value of the regression equation for RLN invasion in PTC patients,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated.Results The proportions of patients with tumor located in the posterior sagittal position,maximum tumor diameter≥1 cm,capsule contact and lymph node metastasis were higher in invasion group than in non-invasion group(P<0.05).Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis identified tumor located in the posterior sagittal position(OR=1.079,95%CI:1.031-1.129),maximum tumor diameter≥1 cm(OR=2.408,95%CI:1.256-4.617),capsule contact(OR=3.171,95%CI:1.724-5.833),and lymph node metastasis(OR=3.425,95%CI:1.884-6.226)as independent risk factors for RLN invasion in PTC patients(P<0.05).The regression equation was constructed as followed:logit(P)=-8.552+tumor located in the posterior sagittal position×0.076+maximum tumor diameter≥1 cm×0.879+capsule contact×1.154+lymph node metastasis×1.231.The likelihood ratioχ2 evaluation of the regression equation suggested that the regression equation was effectively constructed(P<0.001).Hosmer-Lemeshow test for the goodness of fit of the regression equation showed that the regression equation was well fitted(P>0.05).ROC curve analysis revealed that when logit(P)>0.875,the AUC value was 0.901(95%CI:0.882-0.917),with a sensitivity of 75.00%and a specificity of 88.95%.Conclusion The occurrence of RLN invasion in PTC patients is associated with tumor located in the posterior sagittal position,maximum tumor diameter≥1 cm,capsule contact,and lymph node metastasis,and the regression equations constructed based on these factors can well predict the occurrence of RLN invasion in PTC patients and is expected to provide an effective guidance for clinical practice.

Objective To explore the risk factors for recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN)invasion in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)based on ultrasound image characteristics,construct a regression equation,and explore its predictive value for providing a reference for the clinical prevention and treatment of RLN invasion in PTC patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1 195 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with PTC in the Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University from January 2020 to November 2024.These patients were divided into invasion group(n=28)and non-invasion group(n=1167)according to whether they had RLN invasion or not.The clinical data,pathological data and ultrasound image characteristics were compared between two groups.The risk factors for RLN invasion in PTC patients were identified using multifactorial Logistic regression to construct a regression equation which was then evaluated using the likelihood ratioχ2.Moreover,the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was utilized to assess the goodness of fit,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to analyze the predictive value of the regression equation for RLN invasion in PTC patients,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated.Results The proportions of patients with tumor located in the posterior sagittal position,maximum tumor diameter≥1 cm,capsule contact and lymph node metastasis were higher in invasion group than in non-invasion group(P<0.05).Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis identified tumor located in the posterior sagittal position(OR=1.079,95%CI:1.031-1.129),maximum tumor diameter≥1 cm(OR=2.408,95%CI:1.256-4.617),capsule contact(OR=3.171,95%CI:1.724-5.833),and lymph node metastasis(OR=3.425,95%CI:1.884-6.226)as independent risk factors for RLN invasion in PTC patients(P<0.05).The regression equation was constructed as followed:logit(P)=-8.552+tumor located in the posterior sagittal position×0.076+maximum tumor diameter≥1 cm×0.879+capsule contact×1.154+lymph node metastasis×1.231.The likelihood ratioχ2 evaluation of the regression equation suggested that the regression equation was effectively constructed(P<0.001).Hosmer-Lemeshow test for the goodness of fit of the regression equation showed that the regression equation was well fitted(P>0.05).ROC curve analysis revealed that when logit(P)>0.875,the AUC value was 0.901(95%CI:0.882-0.917),with a sensitivity of 75.00%and a specificity of 88.95%.Conclusion The occurrence of RLN invasion in PTC patients is associated with tumor located in the posterior sagittal position,maximum tumor diameter≥1 cm,capsule contact,and lymph node metastasis,and the regression equations constructed based on these factors can well predict the occurrence of RLN invasion in PTC patients and is expected to provide an effective guidance for clinical practice.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of ultrasound and acoustic and laser cleaning of curved root canals. METHODS: A total of 92 molars with independent root canals with a curvature of 20°-40° were prepared and standardized at 04 25# and stained with gentian violet solution for 72 h. Among them, 52 were randomly divi-ded into four groups for final rinsing (n=13): NI group, PUI group, EDDY group, and PIPS group. Ten samples in each group were cut horizontally along the long axis perpendicular to the root and divided into curved upper, curved, and apical segments. Images were taken with a stereomicroscope and Image J measurements were taken to calculate the depth of rinse penetration. The remaining three samples from each group were split along the long axis of the dentin, photographed by scanning electron microscope to record the dentin tubule exposure and staining layer, and scored for staining layer by double-blind method. SPSS 26.0 software was used to perform statistical analysis and select the best flushing method. An extra 40 samples were randomly divided into four groups for detection of flushing fluid penetration depth (n=10): 10, 20, 30, and 40 s. RESULTS: In the upper part, the mean depth of infiltration was not significantly different between the experimental and control groups (P>0.05). The PIPS group had a significantly lower smear layer score than the control group and the EDDY group (P<0.01). In the curved segment, the mean depth of infiltration was significantly greater in the PUI group than in the control group (P<0.05); the tarnish layer score was lower in each experimental group than in the control group. At the top, the mean depth of infiltration was greater in the PUI and PIPS groups than in the control group (P<0.05), and the smear layer score was lower in the PIPS group than in the other groups (P<0.05). After the time was changed, the depth of infiltration of PUI increased only in the apical segment as the flushing time increased. CONCLUSIONS The PUI and PIPS methods facilitate the penetration of irrigation solution into the dentin canal in curved root canals, especially in the apical segment. The PIPS technique is effective in removing the smear layer in curved root canals.
Humans ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Root Canal Irrigants ; Root Canal Preparation/methods* ; Smear Layer ; Sodium Hypochlorite ; Therapeutic Irrigation/methods* ; Double-Blind Method

Purpose/Significance To elucidate the complex relationship among face phenotype-disease-gene,and to explore the underlying mechanisms of their interactions.Method/Process Based on scientific literature from the PubMed database,natural language processing tools and manual filtering methods are used to extract the knowledge of the concept and relationship of face phenotype-disease-gene reported in the existing literature,and a knowledge base is constructed.Result/Conclusion The study completes the framework design and construction of the knowledge base of the face phenotype-disease-genotype for intelligent health application,which lays a foundation of both data and theory for exploring the interplay between face phenotype-disease-gene,as well as the potential application of face phenotype in disease diagnosis.

Objective:To explore the cause and treatment of chylothorax after surgery for congenital heart disease(CHD) in newborns.Methods:A retrospective analysis was made to the clinical data of 49 newborns with chylothorax after surgery for CHD within the period from January 2009 to December 2019. These newborns were aged from from 1 day to 28 days with the weight from 2.0 kg to 4.1 kg. The complete transposition of great arteries was performed in 13 cases, coarctation of the aorta/ interruption of the aortic arch in 13 case, right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction/ Blalock-Taussing shunt in 9 cases, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in 8 cases, ventricular septal defect repair and atrial septal defect repair in 4 cases, ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in 1 case and persisten truncus arteriosus in 1 case. Chylothorax occurred in the right in 19 cases, left side in 20 cases, bilateral in 9 cases and the pericardium in 1 case. The diagnosis was made at the time from 1 day to 22 days after the surgery with an average of 8 days.Results:43 patients were cured(87.75%), 41 cases(83.67%) were cured with diet and support therapy, the course lasted from 4 days to 65 days with an average of 11 days; 1 cases, because of the poor effect of diet and support therapy, was given pleural injection of high-sugar combined with octreotide treatment; 1 case received thoracic duct ligation as the conservative therapy was ineffective; 6 cases of death due to heart failure/ severe pulmonary hypertension after operation, and parents gave up.Conclusion:Individualization conservative therapy is the first choice for chylothorax, while timely surgery can raise the survival rate and save the hospitalization time and the cost.

Objective: To analysis the risk factors of postoperative bleeding of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastrointestinal cancer. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on the data of 430 patients (449 lesions) with early gastrointestinal cancer undergoing ESD in Fujian Provincial Hospital Digestive Endoscopic Center from June 2008 to February 2015 and in Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch Digestive Endoscopic Center from May 2015 to April 2018. Patients with postoperative bleeding were compared with those without postoperative bleeding on the basis of general conditions, endoscopic performance, postoperative pathology and so on to analysis the risk factors for postoperative bleeding of ESD. Results: Among the 430 cases (449 lesions)of early gastrointestinal cancer undergoing ESD, 16 cases (3.7%) had postoperative bleeding. According to whether the occurrence of postoperative hemorrhage, patients were divided into bleeding group (n=16) and not bleeding group (n=433). Univariate analysis suggested that whether had hypertension was statistically significant between the two groups (χ²=4.793, P=0.029), while patients age (t=0.465, P=0.642), gender (χ²=0.035, P=0.642), whether to have diabetes (χ²=0.647, P=0.421), whether to have coronary heart disease (P=1.000), lesion size (t=1.598, P=0.111), whether two or more lesions (P=1.000), lesion site (χ²=6.183, P=0.289), operation time (t=1.335, P=0.201), pathological grading (χ²=0.687, P=0.709), and lesion infiltration depth (χ²=0.134, P=0.714) were not statistically significant between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension (OR=3.358, 95%CI: 1.227-9.186, P=0.018) was an independent risk factor of bleeding after ESD for early gastrointestinal cancer. Conclusion Hypertension is closely related to postoperative bleeding following ESD for early gastrointestinal cancer.Patients with hypertension are at a greater risk of bleeding after ESD.

MarR family transcription regulators are ubiquitous among bacteria and archaea. They extensively control multiple cellular processes and elaborately regulate the expression of genes involved in virulence, stress response and antibiotics at translational level. In Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, insertional inactivation of MarR family transcription regulator HpaR (XC2827) resulted in significantly decrease in virulence and increase in the production of the extracellular proteases. Here, we reported that the genome of Xcc 8004 encodes nine MarR family transcription regulators. The MarR family transcription regulators, HpaR (XC2827) and XC0449, were heterologous expressed and purified. In vitro MST and Pull-down assay confirmed the physical interaction between HpaR and XC0449. Phenotypical assay determined that deletion of XC0449 resulted in substantial virulence attenuation. In vitro EMSA, in vivo qRT-PCR and GUS activity assay identified that HpaR and XC0449 coordinately act as the transcriptional activator to regulate the expression of the virulence-associated gene XC0705, and eventually control the bacterial virulence and the production of extracellular proteases.
Bacterial Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Transcription Factors ; Virulence ; Xanthomonas campestris

Objective To analyze the antioxidant activities of extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. by different solvents, and to determine the contents of total flavonoids. Methods By employing colorimetric method, contents of total flavonoids in different extracts were determined. The free radical scavenging activity of each extract was measured by DPPH method. Results Different extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. by different solvents were provided with DPPH free radical scavenging activities, of which the ethyl alcohol extracts were the highest in scavenging activities. In addition, total flavonoids content of ethyl alcohol extracts was significantly higher than that of others. Conclusion The antioxidant activity of extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. was related to the content of total flavonoids in it.