To explore the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and integrative TCM-Western medicine approaches in the treatment of diabetic microvascular complications （DMC）， refine key pathophysiological insights and treatment principles， and promote academic innovation and strategic research planning in the prevention and treatment of DMC. The 38th session of the Expert Salon on Diseases Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine， hosted by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， was held in Beijing， 2024. Experts in TCM， Western medicine， and interdisciplinary fields convened to conduct a systematic discussion on the pathogenesis， diagnostic and treatment challenges， and mechanism research related to DMC， ultimately forming a consensus on key directions. Four major research recommendations were proposed. The first is addressing clinical bottlenecks in the prevention and control of DMC by optimizing TCM-based evidence evaluation systems. The second is refining TCM core pathogenesis across DMC stages and establishing corresponding "disease-pattern-time" framework. The third is innovating mechanism research strategies to facilitate a shift from holistic regulation to targeted intervention in TCM. The fourth is advancing interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the role of TCM in new drug development， research prioritization， and guideline formulation. TCM and integrative approaches offer distinct advantages in managing DMC. With a focus on the diseases responding specifically to TCM， strengthening evidence-based support and mechanism interpretation and promoting the integration of clinical care and research innovation will provide strong momentum for the modernization of TCM and the advancement of national health strategies.

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of Shugan Huazhuo Zhenyang prescription in treating patients with chronic prostatitis （CP） complicated by erectile dysfunction （ED）. MethodsThis study is a randomized controlled trial， which enrolled 90 CP patients with ED from Professor ZHAO Zongjiang's outpatient clinic. The patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group in a 1∶1 ratio， with 45 patients in each group. The treatment group received the Shugan Huazhuo Zhenyang prescription， while the control group received Sildenafil citrate tablets. Both treatments lasted for 4 weeks. Baseline data， including age， body mass index （BMI）， and disease duration， were collected before and after treatment. Clinical efficacy， chronic prostatitis symptom score （CPSI）， international erectile function questionnaire （IIEF-5）， erection hardness score （EHS）， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， and routine changes in prostate fluid were compared and analyzed between the two groups to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the treatments for CP combined with ED. ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in general information between the two groups. After treatment， the treatment group showed a significant decrease in the CPSI score and an increase in the IIEF-5 score （P<0.05）. The differences in EHS ratings and TCM syndrome scores were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Compared to the control group， there were significant differences in CPSI scores and TCM syndrome scores （P<0.05）. Although the clinical efficacy and IIEF-5 score in the treatment group improved after treatment， the differences were not statistically significant. After treatment， the white blood cells， red blood cells， and pus cells in the prostate fluid of the treatment group decreased compared to the control group， while lecithin bodies increased. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant （P<0.01）. No significant abnormalities were found in the safety evaluations. ConclusionShugan Huazhuo Zhenyang prescription can improve symptoms such as pain， discomfort， abnormal urination， moist scrotum， weak erection， premature ejaculation， and erectile dysfunction. It is an effective treatment for CP complicated by ED.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Yishen Huashi granules in alleviating renal tubular epithelial cell injury and relieving diabetic kidney disease by regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway. MethodsThe db/db mice of 12 weeks old were randomly assigned into model ， dapagliflozin （1.6 mg·kg^-1）， and Yishen Huashi granules （4.7 g·kg^-1）， and db/m mice were used as the control group. The general conditions of mice were observed， and fasting blood glucose and 24-h urinary protein and albumin-to-creatinine ratio （ACR） were measured at weeks 0 and 12 of administration. After 12 weeks of treatment， the levels of serum creatinine （SCr）， blood urea （UREA）， triglycerides （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， and low density lipoprotein （LDL） were measured. The pathological changes in the renal tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining， Mallory staining， and transmission electron microscopy. Real-time PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 （MCP-1） and CC chemokine receptor-2 （CCR2） in the renal tissue of mice. The immunohistochemical assay was employed to examine the expression of p38， phospho-p38 （p-p38）， MCP-1， and CCR2 in the renal tissue of mice. Western blotting was employed to measure the protein levels of p-p38， p38， MCP-1， and CCR2 in the renal tissue of mice.HK-2 cells cultured in vitro were grouped as follows： negative control， high glucose（30 mmol·L^-1）， Yishen Huashi granule-containing serum， and SB203580. After 48 h of cell culture in each group， RNA were extracted and the levels of MCP-1， and CCR2 mRNA were determined by Real-time PCR，proteins were extracted and the levels of p38， p-p38， MCP-1， and CCR2 were determined by Western blot. ResultsThe in vivo experiments showed that before treatment， other groups had higher body weight， blood glucose level， 24 h urinary protein， and ACR than the control group （P<0.05，P<0.01）. After 12 weeks of treatment， compared with the model group， the Yishen Huashi granules group showed improved general conditions， a decreasing trend in body weight， lowered levels of blood glucose， 24-h urinary protein， and ACR （P<0.01）， reduced SCr and UREA （P<0.01）， and declined levels of TC， TG， and LDL （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Yishen Huashi granules group showed alleviated damage and interstitial fibrosis in the renal tissue as well as reductions in glomerular foot process fusion and basement membrane thickening. Moreover， the Yishen Huashi granules group showed down-regulated mRNA levels of MCP-1 and CCR2 （P<0.01）， reduced positive expression of p-p38， MCP-1， and CCR2 （P<0.01）， and down-regulated protein levels of p-p38/p38， MCP-1， and CCR2 （P<0.05） in the renal tissue. The cell experiment showed that compared with the high glucose group， the Yishen Huashi granule-containing serum group showcased down-regulated mRNA levels of MCP-1 and CCR2 （P<0.01） and down-regulated protein levels of p-p38/p38， MCP-1， and CCR2（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionYishen Huashi granules can regulate glucose-lipid metabolism， reduce 24 h urinary protein and ACR， improve the renal function， alleviate the renal tubule injury caused by high glucose， and protect renal tubule epithelial cells in db/db mice by reducing MCP-1/CCR2 activation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with antibody mediated rejection (AMR) after lung transplantation at China-Japan Friendship Hospital, thereby providing references for clinical management.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted by collecting clinical data of 34 lung transplant recipients (LTRs) diagnosed with AMR between March 2017 and September 2023. The diagnosis of AMR was based on the 2019 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) consensus. Baseline characteristics, primary diseases, pre-diagnostic events, diagnosis, treatment regimens, and outcomes were summarized and analyzed. According to outcomes at the final follow-up (March 31, 2024), patients were divided into survival group (22 cases) and death group (12 cases), and the differences in clinical characteristics and treatments were compared.Results:The incidence of AMR among 551 LTRs was 6.2% (34/551). Among the 34 AMR recipients, 79.4% (27/34) were male, and the median age was 64.0 (54.5, 67.3) years. The primary underlying disease was interstitial lung disease (79.4%). Based on diagnostic classification, 73.5%(25/34) were clinical AMR and 26.5% (9/34) were subclinical AMR. Regarding diagnostic levels, 11.8%(4/34) were proven AMR, 50.0% (17/34) probable AMR, and 38.2%(13/34) possible AMR. Pre-transplant sensitization was detected in 2 patients (5.9%). Post-transplant HLA antibody testing revealed 79.4%(27/34) positive for HLA class Ⅱ antibodies (most commonly DQ7) and 85.3%(29/34) had newly developed HLA antibodies, of which 82.4%(28/34) were de novo donor-specific antibodies (DSA). The most common clinical manifestations were exertional dyspnea(67.6%) and decreased pulse oxygen saturation(47.1%). Chest imaging mainly showed new consolidations or patchy opacities (55.9%), followed by ground-glass opacities (32.4%) and pleural effusion (20.6%). Regarding treatment, 94.1% (32/34) received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), 88.2%(30/34) underwent plasma exchange, and 41.2%(14/34) received intravenous glucocorticoid (IVGC). The most common regimens were "plasma exchange+IVIG" and "IVGC+plasma exchange+IVIG+rituximab", each used in 23.5%(8/34) of cases. The complete HLA antibody clearance rate after treatment was 38.2%. The mortality rates at 3 months, 1 year, and final follow-up after AMR diagnosis were 8.8%, 23.5%, and 35.3%, respectively, with a median survival time of 243.0(96.3, 572.3) days. The survival group had a significantly higher rate of tacrolimus-based triple immunosuppressive therapy (glucocorticoid+tacrolimus+mycophenolate moftil) compared to the death group [86.4% (19/22) vs 50.0% (6/12), P=0.040], while rituximab usage was higher in the death group [75.0% (9/12) vs 13.6% (3/22), P=0.008]. Conclusions:Although AMR after lung transplantation is relatively rare, its diagnosis is challenging, antibody clearance rate after treatment is low, and clinical outcomes are poor, requiring heightened clinical vigilance.

Osteosarcoma is a primary bone tumor originating from mesenchymal tissues,highly aggressive and metastatic,and is one of the causes of orthopedic disorders in children and adolescents.The establishment of an osteosarcoma model is useful for studying the changes in the physiology and pathology of the organism after the occurrence of osteosarcoma.The establishment methods of osteosarcoma models not only differ in terms of difficulty,tumorigenicity,tumor-formation time,tumor survival time,tumor metastasis,and safety,but also in terms of simulating human osteosarcoma biological characteristics and histological features.In addition,the wide application of tissue engineering in tumor modeling is conducive to better study the role of the osteosarcoma microenvironment in osteosarcoma genesis and development.In this paper,we summarize the roles of different osteosarcoma animal models and their tissue engineering models in different experiments,in order to provide help for the study of osteosarcoma pathogenesis and drug intervention mechanism.

Osteosarcoma is a primary bone tumor originating from mesenchymal tissues,highly aggressive and metastatic,and is one of the causes of orthopedic disorders in children and adolescents.The establishment of an osteosarcoma model is useful for studying the changes in the physiology and pathology of the organism after the occurrence of osteosarcoma.The establishment methods of osteosarcoma models not only differ in terms of difficulty,tumorigenicity,tumor-formation time,tumor survival time,tumor metastasis,and safety,but also in terms of simulating human osteosarcoma biological characteristics and histological features.In addition,the wide application of tissue engineering in tumor modeling is conducive to better study the role of the osteosarcoma microenvironment in osteosarcoma genesis and development.In this paper,we summarize the roles of different osteosarcoma animal models and their tissue engineering models in different experiments,in order to provide help for the study of osteosarcoma pathogenesis and drug intervention mechanism.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with antibody mediated rejection (AMR) after lung transplantation at China-Japan Friendship Hospital, thereby providing references for clinical management.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted by collecting clinical data of 34 lung transplant recipients (LTRs) diagnosed with AMR between March 2017 and September 2023. The diagnosis of AMR was based on the 2019 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) consensus. Baseline characteristics, primary diseases, pre-diagnostic events, diagnosis, treatment regimens, and outcomes were summarized and analyzed. According to outcomes at the final follow-up (March 31, 2024), patients were divided into survival group (22 cases) and death group (12 cases), and the differences in clinical characteristics and treatments were compared.Results:The incidence of AMR among 551 LTRs was 6.2% (34/551). Among the 34 AMR recipients, 79.4% (27/34) were male, and the median age was 64.0 (54.5, 67.3) years. The primary underlying disease was interstitial lung disease (79.4%). Based on diagnostic classification, 73.5%(25/34) were clinical AMR and 26.5% (9/34) were subclinical AMR. Regarding diagnostic levels, 11.8%(4/34) were proven AMR, 50.0% (17/34) probable AMR, and 38.2%(13/34) possible AMR. Pre-transplant sensitization was detected in 2 patients (5.9%). Post-transplant HLA antibody testing revealed 79.4%(27/34) positive for HLA class Ⅱ antibodies (most commonly DQ7) and 85.3%(29/34) had newly developed HLA antibodies, of which 82.4%(28/34) were de novo donor-specific antibodies (DSA). The most common clinical manifestations were exertional dyspnea(67.6%) and decreased pulse oxygen saturation(47.1%). Chest imaging mainly showed new consolidations or patchy opacities (55.9%), followed by ground-glass opacities (32.4%) and pleural effusion (20.6%). Regarding treatment, 94.1% (32/34) received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), 88.2%(30/34) underwent plasma exchange, and 41.2%(14/34) received intravenous glucocorticoid (IVGC). The most common regimens were "plasma exchange+IVIG" and "IVGC+plasma exchange+IVIG+rituximab", each used in 23.5%(8/34) of cases. The complete HLA antibody clearance rate after treatment was 38.2%. The mortality rates at 3 months, 1 year, and final follow-up after AMR diagnosis were 8.8%, 23.5%, and 35.3%, respectively, with a median survival time of 243.0(96.3, 572.3) days. The survival group had a significantly higher rate of tacrolimus-based triple immunosuppressive therapy (glucocorticoid+tacrolimus+mycophenolate moftil) compared to the death group [86.4% (19/22) vs 50.0% (6/12), P=0.040], while rituximab usage was higher in the death group [75.0% (9/12) vs 13.6% (3/22), P=0.008]. Conclusions:Although AMR after lung transplantation is relatively rare, its diagnosis is challenging, antibody clearance rate after treatment is low, and clinical outcomes are poor, requiring heightened clinical vigilance.

ObjectiveAt present, the matching reagents of commercially available rapid DNA instruments based on microfluidics chip technology are autosome short tandem repeat (STR) individual identification reagents. The non-recombining part of the human Y chromosome is widely used in forensic DNA analysis, particularly in cases where standard autosomal DNA profile is uninformative. Y-STR loci are useful markers to identify males and male lineages in forensic practice. In order to achieve rapid and fully integrated detection ofY-STR loci, this study constructed the RTyper Y27 microfluidic chip rapid detection system and validated the performance of this system. MethodsThe system was verified and evaluated by sensitivity, success rate, typing accuracy, peak height balance, sizing precision and accuracy, mock case sample tests, mixture detection ability, and inhibition tolerance. ResultsComplete Y-STR profiles can be obtained when the template amount of DNA standard 9948 was ≥8 ng, the number of blood cards was ≥3 pieces, and the number of oral swab scrapings was≥7 times. The success rate of fully integrated detection was 91.52%, and the concordance rates was 99.74% for 165 testing samples. The success rate of 115 blood spots in these samples was 90.43%, with a typing accuracy of 99.65%, the success rate of 50 buccal swabs was 94%, with a typing accuracy of 99.92%. There was no significant difference in typing accuracy between blood spots and buccal swab samples. The peak height ratio between different fluorescence channels was 89.81%. The standard deviation of allelic ladder for 10 runs was within 0.5 bp. The size differences between allele and corresponding allele in allelic ladder was within 0.5 bp. The maximum precision CV values within and between batches were 0.48% and 0.68%, respectively, which were lower than 15%. These data indicate that the system has good accuracy and precision. The system was capable of accurately typing oral swabs, blood cards, saliva cards, cigarette butts, blood swabs and seminal stains. Complete Y-STR profiles can be obtained and distinguish at the 1∶3 ratio of minor and major contributors in artificial male DNA mixtures. Complete Y-STR genotyping can be obtained under the interference of inhibitors, such as different concentrations of humic acid (50-400 mg/L), indigotin (20-100 nmol/L) and hemoglobin (100-500 μmol/L). ConclusionIn this study, the RTyper Y27 microfluidic chip rapid amplification system is combined with the Quick TargSeq 1.0 integrated system, and the Y-STR profile can be obtained in approximately 2 h. Through a series of verification experiments, the results show that the system has good repeatability, accuracy and stability, can meet the on-site Y-STR detection requirements, and can be used in forensic practice.

[Objective] To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of Antopol Goldman lesion (AGL) in clinical practice. [Methods] Clinical data and diagnosis and treatment process of one AGL case treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and relevant literature was reviewed. [Results] The patient presented with painless gross hematuria and right-sided lower back pain.Imaging examination suggested swelling of the right kidney, blood accumulation in the right calyx, renal pelvis and lower ureter, blood clot in the bladder, and multiple small stones in the left kidney.After multidisciplinary consultation, close imaging follow-up, interventional and flexible ureterdscope examination, tumors of hematological diseases, renal hematuria, arteriovenous fistula and collection system were excluded.After conservative treatment, the patient gradually recovered.During the follow-up of 1 year, no hematuria or low back pain recurred. [Conclusion] There is no clear diagnostic standard for AGL.Diagnosis relies on imaging, interventional methods and ureteroscopy.It is necessary to exclude other diseases and adopt conservative treatment.