Metabolic associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） is the main type of chronic liver disease in the world， with an increasingly higher incidence rate and a younger age of onset. At present， the treatment of MAFLD mainly depends on lifestyle intervention and comorbidity management， and there is still a lack of effective drugs for MAFLD itself. As a classic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the salicylic acid family， aspirin can intervene in the pathological process of MAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism， relieving insulin resistance， reducing liver inflammation and oxidative stress response， exerting an anti-liver fibrosis effect， and inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma， and therefore， it has the value of preventing disease onset， delaying disease progression， and reversing disease condition. This article systematically reviews the mechanism of action and safety of aspirin in the treatment of MAFLD， in order to provide more drug treatment options for MAFLD patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the neuroprotective effect of glycosides of cistanches （GCs） in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1，2，3，6-tetrahydropyridine （MPTP）-induced Parkinson’s disease （PD） model mice and its potential mechanism. MethodsForty mice were randomly divided into control group， PD group， GCs group and levodopa （L-DOPA） group， with 10 mice in each group. The control group received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline， while the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with MPTP （30 mg/kg） once daily for 5 consecutive days. After model establishment， the control group and PD group were intragastrically administered normal saline， and the GCs group and L-DOPA group received intragastric administration once daily for 28 consecutive days， at doses of 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg， respectively. The open field test and rotarod test were used to evaluate motor function. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the number of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH）-positive neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. Transmission electron microscopy was adopted to observe the ultrastructure of mitochondria in the substantia nigra. Biochemical assays were used to determine the levels of glutathione （GSH）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD） and reactive oxygen species （ROS） in substantia nigra tissues. Western blot was applied to detect the protein expression of TH， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap-1） and heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） in substantia nigra tissues. ResultsCompared with the control group， mice in the PD group exhibited markedly impaired motor function， significantly decreased T-SOD activity， obvious reductions in the number of TH-positive neurons and GSH content， as well as elevated MDA and ROS levels in the substantia nigra （P<0.01）. Compared with the PD group， mice in the GCs group showed improved motor function， increased T-SOD activity， higher number of TH-positive neurons and elevated GSH content， accompanied by decreased MDA and ROS levels （P<0.05）. In the control group， mitochondria in the substantia nigra displayed normal morphology without obvious blurred membrane structures or vacuolar degeneration. The PD group presented mitochondrial swelling， disordered cristae and vacuolar changes， whereas these mitochondrial pathological alterations were alleviated in the GCs group. Compared with the control group， the protein levels of TH， Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly downregulated， while Keap-1 protein expression was markedly upregulated in the PD group （P<0.01）. Compared with the PD group， the GCs group showed significant upregulation of TH， Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels and a notable reduction in Keap-1 protein level （P<0.05）. ConclusionGCs ameliorate motor dysfunction and attenuate dopaminergic neuronal and mitochondrial damage in MPTP-induced PD model mice. These effects may be associated with modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway-related protein expression， enhancement of antioxidant capacity， and alleviation of oxidative stress.

Forensic microbiology,a pivotal discipline within forensic science,focuses on microorganisms as the primary subject of study and applies life science technologies to analyze microbial evidence in criminal and civil investigations.Tissue source inference plays a crucial role in forensic investigations,facilitating case assessment and crime scene reconstruction.The application of microbiome analysis in tissue source inference benefits from the tissue specificity and spatiotemporal stability of human microbial communities.This article provides a systematic review of recent advances in tissue source inference based on microbiome analysis,covering technological development,research trends,and practical applications.Finally,the challenges confronted in practice in forensic microbiology and the future prospects for its development are summarized.

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is a malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality rates in China， and advanced HCC is a difficult issue in current treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitor （ICI）， as an emerging treatment regimen， has shown a certain effect in clinical practice， but there are still problems such as low overall response rate and a high incidence rate of immune-related adverse events （irAEs）. Traditional Chinese medicine exhibits unique advantages in the treatment of advanced HCC. Through a retrospective analysis of related studies in recent years， this article shows that traditional Chinese medicine combined with ICI can control disease progression， prolong survival time， and reduce irAEs in the treatment of advanced HCC through the synergistic effect between multiple components， targets， and pathways. The potential mechanism of this treatment modality may involve various aspects such as the direct inhibition of tumor cells and the regulation of immune system and intestinal flora.

With the advancement of economic development and clear aligner technology,invisible orthodontics has become an important treatment approach for malocclusion.However,in extraction cases involving anterior tooth retraction,the limited three-dimensional force control of aligners often leads to lingual tipping of incisors,deepened overbite,and anchorage loss of posterior teeth,thereby increasing the complexity and uncertainty of orthodontic treatment.As an effective tool for simulating complex biomechanical behaviors,finite element analysis(FEA)enables quantitative assessment of tooth movement and stress distribution in the periodontium,providing theoretical support for optimizing aligner design.This review focuses on FEA studies of anterior tooth retraction using clear aligners in extraction cases,summarizes tooth movement characteristics,and discusses key influencing factors including aligner parameters,movement patterns,attachment design,and auxiliary appliances.Finally,the future directions of FEA in dynamic simulation and personalized modeling are explored to support more predictable and effective clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)in mouse model of allergic lung inflammation.METHODS hUC-MSCs were isolated and cultured from umbilical cord of healthy neonates.The expression of MSC cell surface markers were assessed by flow cytometry in the fifth generation of hUC-MSCs.Mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin and challenged via inhalation of aerosolized ovalbumin to establish an allergic airway inflammation model.The same dose of normal saline was used in the control group.After 14 days of nebulization,lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were collected from the mice.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Luminex multiplex assay were performed to assess the levels of allergic inflammation.Lung tissues were minced,homogenized,and digested into single-cell suspensions for cell culture.hUC-MSCs or human nasal epithelial cells were co-cultured with mouse lung cells at a ratio of 1:5 or 1:10(cell number ratio).After 18 hours,the supernatants were collected,and Luminex multiplex assay was performed to assess the expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-5(IL-5)and IL-6.RESULTS Cultured hUC-MSCs showed an elongated spindle-shaped morphology.The positive markers CD105,CD73,and CD90 showed positive rates of>95%respectively,while the negative markers CD45,CD34,and CD11b exhibited positive rates of<2%respectively.Compared with the controls,the allergic mice showed significant infiltration of eosinophils in the peribronchial regions of lung tissues,and increased expression levels of IL-5(P<0.01)and IL-6(P<0.05)in BALF.Compared with the control group,mouse lung cells co-cultured with hUC-MSCs significantly decreased the levels of IL-5 and IL-6 in the supernatant(both P<0.05 in 1∶5 group and 1∶10 group).CONCLUSION Co-culture with hUC-MSCs can significantly ameliorate allergic inflammation in lung tissue of mouse model,indicating the therapeutic potential of hUC-MSCs in airway allergic inflammation.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutation is a rare subtype of mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with advanced NSCLC carrying the EGFR ex20ins mutation tend to have poor responses to traditional EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, leading to a poor clinical prognosis. Significant progress has been made in the development of new drugs targeting the EGFR ex20ins mutation. The research on new drugs targeting EGFR ex20ins mutations has made significant progress. The main ones include new EGFR-TKIs (such as sunvozertinib, mobocertinib, and furmetinib, etc.), bispecific antibodies (such as amivantamab, JMT101, and GB263T, etc.), and emerging drugs such as AUY922. These agents have demonstrated promising efficacy in clinical trials, improving the objective response rate and progression-free survival of patients, and are expected to improve overall survival. An in-depth analysis of the mechanism of action and clinical trial progress of these novel targeted drugs for EGFR ex20ins-mutated NSCLC can offer new therapeutic strategies for patients with EGFR ex20ins-mutated NSCLC.

With the advancement of economic development and clear aligner technology,invisible orthodontics has become an important treatment approach for malocclusion.However,in extraction cases involving anterior tooth retraction,the limited three-dimensional force control of aligners often leads to lingual tipping of incisors,deepened overbite,and anchorage loss of posterior teeth,thereby increasing the complexity and uncertainty of orthodontic treatment.As an effective tool for simulating complex biomechanical behaviors,finite element analysis(FEA)enables quantitative assessment of tooth movement and stress distribution in the periodontium,providing theoretical support for optimizing aligner design.This review focuses on FEA studies of anterior tooth retraction using clear aligners in extraction cases,summarizes tooth movement characteristics,and discusses key influencing factors including aligner parameters,movement patterns,attachment design,and auxiliary appliances.Finally,the future directions of FEA in dynamic simulation and personalized modeling are explored to support more predictable and effective clinical outcomes.

Objective:To explore effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)on macrophage M1/M2 polarization.Methods:hUC-MSCs were co-cultured with pTHP-1 cells which were macrophage-like cells induced by PMA and tran-scriptome sequencing data were analyzed.Differentially expressed genes were screened and analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis.Effect of hUC-MSCs on pTHP-1 cells proliferation was analyzed by cell proliferation assay(CCK-8 and EdU).Flow cytometry was used to verify influence of hUC-MSCs on relative contents of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in pTHP-1 cells which were interaction with LPS.Effect of hUC-MSCs on M1/M2-related molecular phenotype of pTHP-1 cells was studied by qRT-PCR and flow cytometry.Results:Transcriptome sequencing data analysis showed that M1-related genes TNF-α(P<0.05)and HLA-DRA(P<0.01)decreased to a great extent and M2-related gene ARG1(P<0.05)increased to a great extent in pTHP-1 cells after co-culture with hUC-MSCs,suggesting that hUC-MSCs inhibited macrophage M1 polarization.GO and KEGG analysis showed that these dysregulated genes regulated inflammation and immune response.hUC-MSCs inhibited proliferation of pTHP-1 cells,reduced content of TNF-α and increased content of IL-10(P<0.001).qRT-PCR and flow cytometry showed mRNA expressions of HLA-DRA(P<0.05)and CD68(P<0.01)and CD14+CD11c+M1 macrophage percentage were down-regulated,while mRNA expressions of CD163(P<0.001),CD206(P<0.001)and CD14+CD163+M2 macrophage percentage were significantly up-regulated in pTHP-1 cells after co-culture with hUC-MSCs.Conclusion:hUC-MSCs inhibit macrophage polarization to M1 and promote polariza-tion to M2 in vitro.

Objective To develop a military identity scale and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The theoretical and structural models of the scale were determined based on literature review and interviews.An item pool was established,test items were compiled,and the basic items were formed after revision by experts.Several servicemen were selected.Sample 1 was used for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis,and sample 2 was used for confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency test.The reliability of the scale was tested by Cronbach's α coefficient and split-half reliability.The construct validity was tested by correlation analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.The military job burnout scale was used as criteria to test the criterion validity.Results The scale finally included 23 items in 4 factors(cognition,affection,sense of adaptation,and efficacy),which explained 54.087%of the total variance.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.925,and the Cronbach's α coefficients of the 4 factors were 0.843,0.899,0.854,and 0.835,respectively.The split-half reliability of the scale was 0.873,and the split-half reliability of the 4 factors was 0.812,0.882,0.870,and 0.821,respectively.The scale had good construct validity(the goodness of fitting χ2/df was 1.978,the comparative fit index was 0.927,the growth fitting index was 0.928,the Tucker-Lewis index was 0.916,the root mean square error of approximation was 0.055,and the goodness of fit index was 0.896).Conclusion The military identity scale developed in this study has good validity and reliability,and can be used to evaluate the identity of servicemen in China.