OBJECTIVES: To investigate how larval feeding regimens influence development and deltamethrin resistance of Aedes albopictus to provide evidence for standardizing larval feeding protocols in studies of insecticide resistance. METHODS: Aedes albopictus larvae of a laboratory resistant strain were divided into 3 groups (n=500) and reared with high, medium, and low food availability (100, 50, or 25 mg daily for the 1st and 2nd instars, and 500 mg 250, or 125 mg daily for 3rd and 4th instars). The developmental time, pupation rate, adult emergence rate, adult body weight, and wing length were recorded in each group, and deltamethrin resistance of the mosquitoes was assessed using larval bioassays and contact tube tests for adults. RESULTS: Significant developmental differences were observed across the 3 feeding groups. Larval development time decreased as the food availability increased, and both high- and low-food groups showed reduced pupation rates (χ²=16.282, 7.440) and emergence rates (χ²=4.093, 6.977) compared to the medium-food group. Adult body weight and wing length were positively correlated with the amount of larval food intake (P<0.05). In high, medium and low food intake groups, larval LC₅₀ values for deltamethrin were 0.110, 0.072 and 0.064 mg/L, adult KDT50 values were 97.404, 68.964 and 65.005 min, and adult mosquitoe mortality rates at 24 h after deltamethrin exposure were 12%, 16% and 19%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The feeding amount during larval stage significantly impacts the development and deltamethrin resistance of Aedes albopictus, suggesting the importance of standardization of larval nutrition for ensuring comparability of resistance test data across laboratories.
Animals ; Aedes/physiology* ; Pyrethrins/pharmacology* ; Nitriles/pharmacology* ; Larva/physiology* ; Insecticide Resistance ; Insecticides/pharmacology* ; Feeding Behavior

Objective:To explore the application of the flipped classroom teaching method in pediatric internship, evaluate the feedback from both students and faculty, and provide evidence for optimizing clinical medical education strategies.Methods:Fourth-year students ( n=174) enrolled in 2019 in the eight-year clinical medicine program at Peking University Health Science Center and instructors ( n=42) participated in this study. Questionnaire survey and exit examination scores were used to assess the effectiveness of the flipped classroom method. A statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's multiple comparisons were used to evaluate the differences in satisfaction across teaching components. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were applied to compare satisfaction between high-score (top 30%) and low-score (bottom 30%) student groups. Results:①Overall student satisfaction with the flipped classroom reached 91.33% ("very satisfied" + "satisfied"). High satisfaction was reported for pre-class self-learning videos (80.35%), recommended clinical guidelines (82.80%), and English literature (71.10%), while satisfaction with the flipped classroom lectures was comparatively low (52.60%), with significant differences compared to other components ( P<0.05). ②High-score students exhibited significantly lower satisfaction than low-score students across all components (overall evaluation, 84.61% vs. 98.08%, Fisher's exact test, P=0.031; pre-class videos, 53.85% vs. 76.92%, χ2=6.12, P=0.013; preparatory assignments, 61.54% vs. 80.77%, χ2=4.68, P=0.030; English literature, 53.85% vs. 75.00%, χ2=5.80, P=0.016; and flipped class lectures, 36.54% vs. 59.62%, χ2=5.55, P=0.019). ③Enhanced competency in ≥2 core areas was reported in 71.68% of students, including theoretical knowledge acquisition (49.71%), self-directed learning (35.84%), clinical thinking (31.21%), research capabilities (25.43%), and communication skills (22.54%). ④Faculty feedback indicated that 83.33% of instructors perceived the flipped classroom as equivalent or superior to traditional teaching, particularly in cultivating clinical thinking (90.48%), self-directed learning (85.71%), theoretical knowledge acquisition (76.19%), and communication skills (76.19%). ⑤Student participation willingness was primarily influenced by pre-class time investment (46.51% reported excessive effort in preparing discussion materials), while faculty engagement depended on implementation effectiveness (42.86%) and curriculum design (35.71%). Conclusions:The flipped classroom method demonstrated promising initial outcomes in pediatric internship, with high satisfaction among both students and faculty. However, further exploration and practice are required in optimizing teaching components, implementing differentiated instructional strategies, and managing time investment.

Objective:To summarize the best evidence of postural and activity management in patients with cerebrospinal fluid leakage after spinal surgery, so as to provide guidance for clinical nursing staff.Methods:We systematically searched databases including but not limited to BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, Cochrane Library, North American Spine Society, PubMed, China national knowledge infrastructure and Wanfang for guidelines, systematic reviews, expert consensus, evidence summaries, and best practices related to posture and activity management in patients with cerebrospinal fluid leakage after spinal surgery. The search period was from database establishment to 31 March 2024. Clinical practice guidelines were evaluated using the guideline research and assessment system, the systematic review methodology quality evaluation tool 2, and the quality evaluation checklist of policy text evidence in the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-based Health Care Center text evidence (version 2023).Results:A total of 8 articles were included in this study, 4 expert consensuses, 3 systematic reviews, and 1 guideline. The evidence included 4 aspects: bed position, positional changes, early activity, and precautions for activity, with a total of 13 pieces of evidence, all of which were of moderate to low quality.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence of postural and activity management of patients with cerebrospinal fluid leakage after spinal surgery, providing a reference for improving clinical management programs in this area in order to further optimize the connotation and process of nursing work and improve the prognosis and satisfaction of patients.

Objective:To summarize the best evidence of postural and activity management in patients with cerebrospinal fluid leakage after spinal surgery, so as to provide guidance for clinical nursing staff.Methods:We systematically searched databases including but not limited to BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, Cochrane Library, North American Spine Society, PubMed, China national knowledge infrastructure and Wanfang for guidelines, systematic reviews, expert consensus, evidence summaries, and best practices related to posture and activity management in patients with cerebrospinal fluid leakage after spinal surgery. The search period was from database establishment to 31 March 2024. Clinical practice guidelines were evaluated using the guideline research and assessment system, the systematic review methodology quality evaluation tool 2, and the quality evaluation checklist of policy text evidence in the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-based Health Care Center text evidence (version 2023).Results:A total of 8 articles were included in this study, 4 expert consensuses, 3 systematic reviews, and 1 guideline. The evidence included 4 aspects: bed position, positional changes, early activity, and precautions for activity, with a total of 13 pieces of evidence, all of which were of moderate to low quality.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence of postural and activity management of patients with cerebrospinal fluid leakage after spinal surgery, providing a reference for improving clinical management programs in this area in order to further optimize the connotation and process of nursing work and improve the prognosis and satisfaction of patients.

Objective:To explore the application of the flipped classroom teaching method in pediatric internship, evaluate the feedback from both students and faculty, and provide evidence for optimizing clinical medical education strategies.Methods:Fourth-year students ( n=174) enrolled in 2019 in the eight-year clinical medicine program at Peking University Health Science Center and instructors ( n=42) participated in this study. Questionnaire survey and exit examination scores were used to assess the effectiveness of the flipped classroom method. A statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's multiple comparisons were used to evaluate the differences in satisfaction across teaching components. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were applied to compare satisfaction between high-score (top 30%) and low-score (bottom 30%) student groups. Results:①Overall student satisfaction with the flipped classroom reached 91.33% ("very satisfied" + "satisfied"). High satisfaction was reported for pre-class self-learning videos (80.35%), recommended clinical guidelines (82.80%), and English literature (71.10%), while satisfaction with the flipped classroom lectures was comparatively low (52.60%), with significant differences compared to other components ( P<0.05). ②High-score students exhibited significantly lower satisfaction than low-score students across all components (overall evaluation, 84.61% vs. 98.08%, Fisher's exact test, P=0.031; pre-class videos, 53.85% vs. 76.92%, χ2=6.12, P=0.013; preparatory assignments, 61.54% vs. 80.77%, χ2=4.68, P=0.030; English literature, 53.85% vs. 75.00%, χ2=5.80, P=0.016; and flipped class lectures, 36.54% vs. 59.62%, χ2=5.55, P=0.019). ③Enhanced competency in ≥2 core areas was reported in 71.68% of students, including theoretical knowledge acquisition (49.71%), self-directed learning (35.84%), clinical thinking (31.21%), research capabilities (25.43%), and communication skills (22.54%). ④Faculty feedback indicated that 83.33% of instructors perceived the flipped classroom as equivalent or superior to traditional teaching, particularly in cultivating clinical thinking (90.48%), self-directed learning (85.71%), theoretical knowledge acquisition (76.19%), and communication skills (76.19%). ⑤Student participation willingness was primarily influenced by pre-class time investment (46.51% reported excessive effort in preparing discussion materials), while faculty engagement depended on implementation effectiveness (42.86%) and curriculum design (35.71%). Conclusions:The flipped classroom method demonstrated promising initial outcomes in pediatric internship, with high satisfaction among both students and faculty. However, further exploration and practice are required in optimizing teaching components, implementing differentiated instructional strategies, and managing time investment.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between gestational weight gain (GWG) in twin pregnancies and adverse perinatal outcomes.Methods:This retrospective study included twin pregnant women with live births at≥25 weeks of gestation and their offspring, who delivered at Peking University People's Hospital from January 2012 to October 2022. Total GWG was standardized according to gestational age and categorized into three groups based on the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines: insufficient GWG (GWG below IOM recommendations), appropriate GWG (GWG within IOM recommendations), and excessive GWG (GWG above IOM recommendations). Comparisons between data of the three groups used analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test or Bonferroni correction or Chi-square partitions. Multivariable logistic regression models and generalized estimating equations with logistic regression models were used to analyze the independent effects of GWG on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Results:A total of 794 twin pregnant women and their 1 588 live-born neonates were included in the study. There were 360 women (45.3%) with appropriate GWG, 356 (44.8%) with insufficient GWG, and 78 (9.8%) with excessive GWG. Both insufficient and excessive GWG were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth [adjusted ORs of 1.39 (95% CI: 1.04-1.88) and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.05-2.78), respectively]. Insufficient GWG was associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.00-2.01) and low birth weight infants (adjusted OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.57-2.66). Insufficient GWG was also associated with a reduced risk of eclampsia or preeclampsia (adjusted OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.33-0.75), cesarean section (adjusted OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.30-0.77), discordant twin growth (adjusted OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.37-0.85), and large for gestational age infants (adjusted OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.35-0.61). Excessive GWG was associated with an increased risk of eclampsia or preeclampsia (adjusted OR=2.85, 95% CI: 1.65-4.91), and large for gestational age infants (adjusted OR=2.49, 95% CI: 1.60-3.86), while with a decreased risk of low birth weight infants (adjusted OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.27-0.65). Conclusions:More than half of the twin pregnancies have GWG outside the recommended range of the IOM guidelines. Both insufficient and excessive GWG are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, particularly an increased risk of preterm birth.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect and toxicity change rule of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata（ALRP） and Zingiberis Rhizoma（ZR） before and after compatibility， and to reveal the compatibility connotation of them. MethodSixty SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， blank-ALRP group， blank-ALRP-ZR group， model group， model-ALRP group and model-ALRP-ZR group， the latter three groups were injected with adriamycin via tail vein to establish the model of heart failure， and the former three groups were injected with the same amount of physiological saline via tail vein. The effects of ALRP single decoction and ALRP-ZR mixed decoction on biochemical indexes and myocardial histopathological morphology of normal rats and model rats were compared. Metabolomics analysis was performed on rat serum samples， principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were used to screen the differential metabolites between groups， and the differential metabolic pathways were analyzed. Combined with network pharmacology technology， the metabolites and their associated targets and pathways related to enhancing anti-heart failure efficacy and reducing cardiotoxicity were screened before and after the compatibility of ALRP and ZR， the screened representative pathways were verified by Western blot. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed significant increases in the contents of brain natriuretic peptide（BNP）， creatine kinase（CK）， lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） and cardiac troponin（cTn）-T（P<0.01）， the blank-ALRP group showed obvious increases in CK， LDH， and cTn-T contents（P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the normal-ALRP-ZR group showed a significant increase in CK content（P<0.01）. Compared with the blank-ALRP group， the blank-ALRP-ZR group showed a obvious decrease in LDH content（P<0.05）， and pathological sections showed that both decoctions could lead to myocardial histopathological damage in normal rats. Compared with the model group， the model-ALRP-ZR group showed obvious decreases in BNP， CK， LDH and cTn-T contents（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the model-ALRP group showed obvious decreases in BNP， LDH and cTn-T contents（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model-ALRP group， the model-ALRP-ZR group showed a significant decrease in CK content（P<0.01）， and both decoctions could improve the pathological morphology of myocardial tissue in the model rats. Metabolomics results showed that ALRP single decoction and ALRP-ZR mixed decoction could recover 422 and 459 metabolites in model rats， respectively. And the metabolic disruption of ALRP-ZR mixed decoction on normal rats was weaker than that of ALRP single decoction. The results of network pharmacological association analysis showed that in the aspect of ZR enhancing the anti-heart failure efficacy of ALRP， 3 metabolites such as deoxyuridylic acid were correlated to 56 metabolites， 82 targets and 13 pathways， including calcium signaling pathway， renin secretion， renin-angiotensin system， etc. In the aspect of ZR reducing the cardiotoxicity of ALRP， 3 metabolites such as tyrosol were associated with 24 metabolites， 55 targets and 14 pathways， including adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes and carbon metabolism and so on. Western blot results showed that the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme（ACE）， angiotensin-converting enzyme 2（ACE2） and angiotensin Ⅱ（Ang Ⅱ） in myocardial tissues of rats from the model group was significantly elevated by comparing with the blank group（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the model-ALRP group and the model-ALRP-ZR group showed significantly decreased expression of ACE， ACE2 and Ang Ⅱ（P<0.01）. Compared with the model-ALRP group， the expression of ACE2 and AngⅡ was significantly decreased in the model-ALRP-ZR group. Compared with the blank group， the expression of extracellular signal regulated kinase（ERK）， protein kinase B（Akt） and cTn-I3 was significantly elevated in the blank-ALRP group and blank-ALRP-ZR group（P<0.01）. Compared with the blank-ALRP group， the blank-ALRP-ZR group showed decreased expression of ERK， Akt and cTn-I3， but there was no statistical significance. ConclusionTo a certain extent， the combination of ALRP and ZR shows synergistic relationship under pathological state， and attenuated effect of compatibility under normal physiological state， and the pharmacodynamic characteristics and compatibility relationship of ALRP and ZR are closely related to the physiological state.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Macrothelypteris viridifrons and their anti-proliferative effects on tumor cell.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by column chromatography with silica gel, C18 reverse-phase silica gel, sephadex LH-20, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physiochemical propertities and spectral analysis. The antitumor activities of all compounds were tested with MOLT4, Hep G2, A-549, MCF-7, HT-29, PC-3 tumor cell lines.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated and identified as protoapigenone (1), protoapigenin (2), protoapigenin-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyanoside (3), 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(1,2-isopropyldioxy-4-oxo-cyclohex-5-enyl) -chromen-4-one (4), 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy-cyclohex-4-oxo) -chromen-4-one (5), respectively.

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1, 4 and 5 showed strong anti-proliferative effects on six tumor cells, which were in concentration-dependent manner.

Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Ferns ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; HT29 Cells ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans

Objective To find the effective quantitative parameters for the differentiation of the breast lesions using the post-processing of time.signal curve of 3D dynamic-enhanced MRI.Methods Thirty patients with 35 lesions underwent 3D dynamic-enhanced MRI and the time-signal cHIve was deduced.The four quantitative parameters including SImax,PH,Slope and SlopeR were analyzed in benign andmalignant lesions of the breast.Independent samples t test and rank sum test were used for the statistics.Results Seyenteen benign lesions and 18 malignant lesions were included in this study.The SImax(M)of benign and malignant lesions were 375.2 and 158.1,the 95% confidence intervals of SImax were 278.2-506.0 and 160.5-374.8.The PH(M)of benign and malignant lesions were 114.4 and 87.8,the 95% confidence intervals of PH were 73.7-196.5 and 71.3-162.9.The Slope(M) of benign and malignant lesions were 22.3×10-3 and 44.0×10-3,the 95% confidence intervals of Slope were 13.7×10-3-41.1×10-3 and 46.1×10-3-81.8×10-3.The Slope"(M) of benign and malignant lesions were 2.6 and11.4,the 95% confidence intervals of SlopeR were 1.9-3.4 and 9.8-14.5.There were no significant differences on SImax and PH between benign and malignant lesions(P>0.05).The significant differences existed on Slope(P<0.01)and SlopeR(P<0.01)between benign and malignant lesions of the breast.Conclusion SlopeR is a very effective parameter in t}le differential diagnosis of breast lesions.

[Objective] To establish an effective way for the detection of Huanglongbing pathogen in Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis (Noot. ) Swingle by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and to provide evidence for the early diagnosis of the culture of pathogen-free plantlets and for the prevention and control of diseases. [ Methods ] The incidence of Huanglongbing disease was investigated in the main producing area of Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis (Noot.) Swingle. By using the special primers designed by the DNA sequence of Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen, PCR amplification of DNA from the samples was conducted. [Results] Symptoms similar to the Citrus Huanglongbing disease occurred in Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis (Noot.) Swingle growing in Zhaoqing, Guangdong. The results of PCR analysis showed that a special DNA fragment of 400bp had been detected in the affected plants of Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis (Noot. ) Swingle, but it was not found in the healthy plants, indicating that the symptoms were caused by the Huanglongbing pathogen. [ Conclusion ] PCR analysis is an effective way for the detection of Huanglongbing pathogen in Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis ( Noot. ) Swingle.