Eosinophils are generally considered to play an important role in parasitic infections and allergic diseases. In recent years，eosinophils have also been found to be involved in the host's immune response to infections caused by bacteria，viruses and fungi. Eosinophils recognize these pathogens through pattern recognition receptors，during this process multiple mechanisms are implicated in host's immune defense against infections. Much progress on the role of eosinophils in respiratory tract infections has been reported in recent years. This review summarizes the regulatory role of eosinophils in respiratory infectious diseases，and the activation process of eosinophils and their direct and indirect interaction with respiratory pathogens，hoping to improve the recognition of the role of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of respiratory infectious diseases，and provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.