Objective To analyze the characteristics of adverse drug reactions （ADR） reported in Sixth People’s Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Jiaotong University from 2021 to 2023, to provide reference for promoting rational clinical drug use. Methods ADR data reported in our hospital were collected retrospectively, including patients’ basic information, drugs causing adverse reactions, types of adverse reactions and outcomes. Descriptive analysis methods were used to summarize and analyze the data. Results A total of 979 cases of ADR were reported in our hospital from 2021 to 2023. The highest proportion of patients with ADR occurred in the age range of 31 to 50, and more male patients （63.5%）. The top five drugs involved with adverse reactions were antibiotics （48.8%）, Chinese medicine injections（19.2%）, vitamins（7.5%）, Chinese traditional medicine（7.2%）, equine tetanus immunoglobulin（6.3%）. Among antibiotics, cefuroxime, ceftazidime and cefotiam were the majority. The organs/systems involved in all ADR were mainly skin and accessories damage （55.4%）. The clinical manifestations were rash, itching, and maculopapular rash. Conclusion From 2021 to 2023, the most common drugs causing adverse drug reactions in our hospital were mainly antibacterial drugs, and the rational clinical use of antibacterial drugs still needs to be concerned.

Panax species are mostly valuable medicinal plants. While some species' seeds are sensitive to dehydration, the dehydration tolerance of seeds from other Panax species remains unclear. The phospholipase D(PLD) gene plays an important role in plant responses to dehydration stress. However, the characteristics of the PLD gene family and their mechanisms of response to dehydration stress in seeds of Panax species with different dehydration tolerances are not well understood. This study used seeds from eight Panax species to measure the germination rates and PLD activity after dehydration and to analyze the correlation between dehydration tolerance and seed traits. Bioinformatics analysis was also conducted to characterize the PnPLD and PvPLD gene families and to evaluate their expression patterns under dehydration stress. The dehydration tolerance of Panax seeds was ranked from high to low as follows: P. ginseng, P. zingiberensis, P. quinquefolius, P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus, P. japonicus var. angustifolius, P. japonicus, P. notoginseng, and P. stipuleanatus. A significant negative correlation was found between dehydration tolerance and seed shape(three-dimensional variance), with flatter seeds exhibiting stronger dehydration tolerance(r=-0.792). Eighteen and nineteen PLD members were identified in P. notoginseng and P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus, respectively. These members were classified into five isoforms: α, β, γ, δ, and ζ. The gene structures, subcellular localization, physicochemical properties, and other characteristics of PnPLD and PvPLD were similar. Both promoters contained regulatory elements associated with plant growth and development, hormone responses, and both abiotic and biotic stress. During dehydration, the PLD enzyme activity in P. notoginseng seeds gradually increased as the water content decreased, whereas in P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus, PLD activity first decreased and then increased. The expression of PLDα and PLDδ in P. notoginseng seeds initially increased and then decreased, whereas in P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus, the expression of PLDα and PLDδ consistently decreased. In conclusion, the dehydration tolerance of Panax seeds showed a significant negative correlation with seed shape. The dehydration tolerance in P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus and dehydration sensitivity of P. notoginseng seeds may be related to differences in PLD enzyme activity and the expression of PLDα and PLDδ genes. This study provided the first systematic comparison of dehydration tolerance in Panax seeds and analyzed the causes of tolerance differences and the optimal water content for long-term storage at ultra-low temperatures, thus providing a theoretical basis for the short-term and ultra-low temperature long-term storage of medicinal plant seeds with varying dehydration tolerances.
Seeds/metabolism* ; Panax/physiology* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phospholipase D/metabolism* ; Plants, Medicinal/enzymology* ; Germination ; Multigene Family ; Water/metabolism* ; Dehydration ; Phylogeny

Background Alcohol dependence and related health problems have attracted greater than ever attention in recent years.Alcohol dependence not only affected personal behavior control ability,but also brought adverse effect to families and society.Objective To analyze the relationship between cognitive function and personality traits among male alcohol-dependent patients with aggressive behavior,in order to provide references for improving the cognitive function of male alcohol-dependent patients with aggressive behavior.Methods Male patients with alcohol dependence attending Hunan Brain Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 and fulfilling the International Classification of Diseases,tenth edition(ICD-10)diagnostic criteria were enrolled.According to the score of Modified Overt Aggression Scale(MOAS),participants were classified into aggressive behavior group and non-aggressive behavior group at 1∶1 ratio,each with 80 cases.The enrolled subjects were then evaluated using Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale for Chinese(EPQ-RSC)and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status(RBANS).Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to examine the correlation between EPQ-RSC and RBANS scores among alcohol-dependent patients with aggressive behavior.Results Scores on each subscale in RBANS were all lower in aggressive behavior group than those in non-aggressive behavior group(t=2.176,2.580,2.076,2.308,2.193,P<0.05),and scores on each dimension in EPQ-RSC in aggressive behavior group were higher than those in non-aggressive behavior group(t=4.497,5.242,6.459,P<0.01).Pearson correlation analysis denoted that the scores of introversion/extroversion,neuroticism and psychoticism in EPQ-RSC were positively correlated with the scores of immediate memory,visuospatial/constructional ability,language,attention and delayed memory in RBANS among alcohol-dependent patients with aggressive behavior(r=0.294～0.482,0.362～0.511,0.265～0.475,P<0.05).Conclusion The cognitive function may have a certain correlation with personality traits in alcohol-dependent patients with aggressive behavior.

Objective:To explore whether thiotert treatment can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS)cells.Methods:CCK-8 assay was used for determining the cytotoxicity of thiotert to MDS cell line SKM-1 and the reversal effect of GSH,NAC,and Z-VAD-FMK on thiotert-induced inhibition of cell viability.EdU assay was deployed to detect the cell proliferation ability.Intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)was measured by flow cytometry after DCFH-DA staining.The expression of DNA damage-and apoptosis-related proteins was detected by Western blot.Results:Thiotert treatment significantly suppressed the cell viability and proliferation ability in SKM-1 cells.A large amount of ROS generation and markedly elevated C-PARP,C-Caspase 3,and γ-H2AX were observed after thiotert administration,while BCL-2 was significantly decreased.In addition,GSH,NAC,and Z-VAD-FMK were able to mitigate the cytotoxicity of thiotert on SKM-1 cells.Conclusion:Thiotert can promote MDS cell apoptosis by mediating ROS production and pro-apoptotic proteins expression.

Gadopiclenol was used in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older during magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to detect and view lesions of the central nervous system(brain,spine,and associated tissues)and body(head and neck,chest,abdomen,pelvis,and musculoskeletal system)with abnormal vascular properties.Gadopiclenol is a new type of macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent(GBCA).In this article,the molecular structure,principle of action,pharmacodynamics,pharmacokinetics,clinical studies,safety and other aspects of Gadopiclenol were reviewed,in order to introduce the current research status and existing achievements of Gadopiclenol.

Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is one of the most important complications of diabetes.In recent years,domestic and foreign studies have found that mammalian target protein of rapamycin(mTOR)related signaling pathway is a classic pathway involved in the regulation of autophagy,which can achieve the therapeutic effect of DKD by targeting the autophagy pathway,and plays a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of DKD.In this paper,we reviewed the mechanism of mTOR-related signaling pathway targeted autophagy in the prevention and treatment of DKD,in order to provide a new reference and basis for clinical prevention and treatment of DKD.

On May 27,2021,the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)officially approved Lantheus'PYLARIFY?(Piflufolastat F 18,18 F-labeled imaging agent),which can be used for positron emission computed tomography(PET)of prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)-positive lesions in prostate cancer patients to accurately identify prostate cancer with suspected metastasis or recurrence.Piflufolastat F 18 is approved by FDA for two indications.The first is the initial staging for suspected metastatic lesions in men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer.The second is restaging,with the goal of identifying lesions in the setting of biochem ical recurrence.

Objective To develop a GIS-based 3D playback system for the flight human-plane data to realize the fusion of pilots'airborne flight data and physiological data.Methods The 3D playback system was developed with the Browser/Server(B/S)architecture,micro-server model,Java language and Spring Cloud technology framework,which was composed of three functional modules for flight process reproduction,physiological situational awareness and critical event calibration analysis.Results The system developed achieved time synchronization and data fusion of airborne flight data and physiological data with a time synchronization frequency of 1 Hz and a refresh rate of not less than 120 frames/s.Conclusion The system developed with high safety,stability,reliability and accuracy facilitates pilot in-flight physiological monitoring and fusion and simultaneous display of airborne flight data and physiological data,which can be used as an important platform for decision-making support in flight training.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(10):14-19]

Background/Aims: Despite the high efficacy of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), approximately 1–3% of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients fail to achieve a sustained virological response. We conducted a nationwide study to investigate risk factors associated with DAA treatment failure. Machine-learning algorithms have been applied to discriminate subjects who may fail to respond to DAA therapy. Methods: We analyzed the Taiwan HCV Registry Program database to explore predictors of DAA failure in HCV patients. Fifty-five host and virological features were assessed using multivariate logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and artificial neural network. The primary outcome was undetectable HCV RNA at 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Results: The training (n=23,955) and validation (n=10,346) datasets had similar baseline demographics, with an overall DAA failure rate of 1.6% (n=538). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, poor DAA adherence, and higher hemoglobin A1c were significantly associated with virological failure. XGBoost outperformed the other algorithms and logistic regression models, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 1.000 in the training dataset and 0.803 in the validation dataset. The top five predictors of treatment failure were HCV RNA, body mass index, α-fetoprotein, platelets, and FIB-4 index. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the XGBoost model (cutoff value=0.5) were 99.5%, 69.7%, 99.9%, 97.4%, and 99.5%, respectively, for the entire dataset. Conclusions Machine learning algorithms effectively provide risk stratification for DAA failure and additional information on the factors associated with DAA failure.

Objective To observe the application effect of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation in the psychological craving and protracted abstinence symptoms of alcohol-dependent patients. Methods A total of 120 male alcohol-dependent patients who completed the acute alcohol withdrawal phase and were hospitalized in the Department of Alcoholism in Hunan Brain Hospital were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into conventional drug group, transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation group and placebo group according to different treatment methods, with 40 patients in each group. The conventional drug group was treated with benzodiazepine drugs for replacement and reduction and supportive symptomatic treatment. The transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation group was treated with conventional treatment combined with transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation. The placebo group was treated with conventional treatment combined with simulated transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score and recurrence conditions were compared before and after treatment among the three groups. Results After treatment, the SAS, SDS, AUQ and VAS scores of the three groups were lower than those before treatment, and the above scores of the transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation group were lower than those of the conventional drug group and placebo group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of sleep quality, the time to fall asleep, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, hypnotic drugs, daytime dysfunction and total PSQI score of the three groups were lower than those before treatment, and the above scores of the transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation group were lower than those of the conventional drug group and placebo group (P < 0.05). The recurrence rate of the transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation group was lower than that of the conventional drug group and placebo group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Compared with conventional treatment and simulated transcutaneous electrical stimulation, transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation is more effective in reducing the severity of protracted abstinence symptoms such as anxiety, depression and insomnia, and is also beneficial in reducing patients' psychological craving, thereby reducing the recurrence rate.