AIM:To investigate the pharmacoki-netic/pharmacodynamic(PK/PD)profile of esome-prazole for injection in critically ill patients.METH-ODS:This was a prospective,single-center,open-la-bel study,all patients received intravenous infused esomeprazole 40 mg q12h for stress ulcer prophy-laxis,treatment duration is determined by clini-cians based on patients condition.Forty critically ill patients were enrolled and were divided into single and multiple dose groups according to the timing of blood sample collection.Twenty-one patients in the single-dose group had their blood samples col-lected at 1,3,6,8,and 12 h after the first dose,and 34 patients in the multiple-dose group had their blood samples collected at 0 h before the fifth dose and 1,3,6,and 8,and 12 h after the fifth dose,of which 14 patients had their blood samples collected at both the first dose and the repeated doses.The concentration of esomeprazole was measured by HPLC-MS/MS,and PK parameters were analyzed using noncompartmental analysis.Gastric aspirates were collected for pH measure-ment in fasted patients with gastric tube before the first dose(0 h),and 1,2,4,8,12,14,16,20,24 h after the initiation of drug administration,and the percentage of time with pH≥4 was calculated.All adverse events and serious adverse events during treatment were recorded.RESULTS:Patients in the single-dose group were 67.75 years old(45-69 years)with a BMI(24.05±3.35)kg/m2,and pa-tients in the multiple-dose group were 63.35 years old(24-87 years)with a BMI(24.08±3.29)kg/m2.PK parameters after the first dose were AUC0-t(11.26±6.58)mg·h·L-1,Cmax(3.08±2.06)mg/L,CL(4.13±3.68)L/h,Vd(17.12±6.13)L,t1/2(4.80±3.06)h;PK parameters after multiple doses were AUC0-t(16.70±11.20)mg·h/L,Cmax(3.37±2.59)mg/L,CL(3.94±2.94)L/h,Vd(22.71±17.26)L,t1/2(5.23±3.34)h.Percentage of time with pH≥4 with-in 0 h-24 h after administration was 61.69％,and percentage of time with pH≥4 within 12 h-24 h was up to 100％.Esomeprazole was well tolerated by all patients with no serious adverse events.CONCLU-SION:Compared with healthy volunteers,inject-able esomeprazole showed increased Vd,decreased CL,increased drug exposure and accumulation af-ter repeated administration in critically ill patients.The drug had a favorable safety profile in critically ill patients.

italic>Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC is one of the most commonly used bulk medicinal herbs. It has important value in the fields of medicine, food and cosmetics, and its market demand is increasing year by year, and it has a good development prospect. In this study, based on 403 distribution records and 8 environmental variables, we used Maxent model to predict the potential distribution of P. grandiflorum under climate change. The results showed that the model simulation effect was the best when the Maxent parameter was FC (feature combination) = LQPH (L: linear features; Q: quadratic features; P: product features; H: hinge features) and RM (regularization multiplier) = 2.1, AUC (area under curve) = 0.901, and the model prediction showed that P. grandiflorum was widely distributed in 28 provinces of China under the current climate conditions, with a suitable area of 2 337 419.98 km². Under the influence of climate change in the future, the area of suitable habitat of P. grandiflorum showed a decreasing trend, and the distribution center as a whole showed a trend of northward and eastward shift. The distribution area of P. grandiflorum in the three main producing areas is affected by climate change, and the overall trend is that the future suitable distribution area of Chifeng in Inner Mongolia increases, while the future suitable distribution area of Zibo in Shandong and Taihe, Bozhou in Anhui decreases or even disappears under the SSP5-8.5 scenario (shared socioeconomic pathways). It is suggested to maintain and protect the ecological environment and germplasm resources of the reserved area suitable for the growth of P. grandiflorum, and increase the cultivation research in the expansion area of P. grandiflorum, so as to lay a foundation for the subsequent expansion of P. grandiflorum planting and to promote the protection and sustainable development of P. grandiflorum resources.

Perioperative neurocognitive disorder(PND)significantly threatens brain health,leading to prolonged hospitalization,increased patient mortality risk,and poor long-term prognosis.Sleep disorder may substantially elevate the risk of neurocognitive dysfunction.However,the specific role of sleep in PND development remains to be elucidated.In addition,controversy exists over whether interventions for perioperative sleep disorder can effectively prevent PND.Therefore,this review aims to explore the basic function and regulatory principles of sleep,the clinical characteristics of perioperative sleep disorder,its role and potential mechanisms in PND development.Furthermore,we also provide new evidence on the potential therapeutic strategies to modulate sleep disorder for PND management,to improve patient's neurocognitive prognosis and long-term outcomes.

Objective:To explore the effect of total hip arthroplasty via modified direct anterior approach on hip function, balance function and gait parameters in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty.Methods:Eighty-nine patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty for the first time in Anqing First People′s Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects by prospective study, and they were divided into the observation group (modified direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty, 45 cases) and the control group [direct anterior approach (DAA) total hip arthroplasty, 44 cases] according to the random number table method. Perioperative indexes of the two groups were observed and complications were counted, and hip function, balance function, gait parameters and follow-up imaging data were compared between the two groups at 1 year after postoperative follow-up.Results:After treatment, the anal exhaust time, hospital stay, blood loss, ambulation time and postoperative feeding time in observation group were shorter or less than those in control group:(9.15 ± 1.33) h vs. (10.89 ± 1.53) h, (5.07 ± 2.21) d vs. (7.04 ± 2.23) d, (53.48 ± 12.43) ml vs. (64.44 ± 12.53) ml, (4.07 ± 0.21) d vs. (6.15 ± 1.24) d, (0.47 ± 0.13) d vs. (0.75 ± 0.24) d, P<0.05. At 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, the hip function scores in the two groups were risen compared with those before treatment ( P<0.05), and the above hip function scores in observation group were higher compared to control group: (65.47 ± 8.38) points vs. (57.91 ± 2.83) points, (76.12 ± 5.31) points vs. (72.25 ± 2.44) points, (85.27 ± 4.45) points vs. (83.24 ± 4.55) points, P<0.05. The balance function scores of the two groups at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment were enhanced compared with those before treatment ( P<0.05), and the balance function scores in observation group were higher than those in control group: (35.26 ± 1.22) points vs. (29.51 ± 1.49) points, (39.42 ± 4.36) points vs. (37.57 ± 2.21) points, (45.57 ± 2.01) points vs. (43.36 ± 2.18) points, P<0.05. The stride distance and stride length in the observation group were higher compared to the control group: (0.78 ± 0.12) m vs. (0.71 ± 0.19) m, (0.46 ± 0.04) m vs. (0.32 ± 0.08) m, while the stride frequency and gait asymmetry index were lower than those in the control group: (89.74 ± 8.05) steps/min vs. (98.68 ± 9.04) steps/min, 0.10 ± 0.02 vs. 0.16 ± 0.05, P<0.05. After treatment, the incidence rate of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group: 2.44%(1/41) vs. 19.51%(8/41), P<0.05. At 1-month follow-up after surgery, there were no statistical differences in acetabular cup anteversion angle, abduction angle, femoral stem peripheral zona pellucida score, and lower limb lebgth between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Modified direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty can promote postoperative recovery, improve hip function, enhance balance function, reduce risk of complications, and improve gait parameters.

4-(Cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase (CMK) was one of the key enzymes in the methylerythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway to generate terpenoids. In this study, based on the transcriptome data of Atractylodes lancea, the sequence of the CMK gene was cloned, named AlCMK (GenBank accession number OM283293). The results showed that AlCMK contains a 1 230 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 409 amino acids. The deduced protein had a theoretical molecular weight of 44 752.53 and an isoelectric point of 6.67. Transmembrane structure analysis showed that there was no transmembrane structure, and the secondary structure of AlCMK was predicted to be mainly composed of random coil. Homologous alignment revealed that AlCMK shared high sequence identity with the CMK proteins of Tanacetum cinerariifolium, Osmanthus fragrans, Eucommia ulmoides, Lonicera japonica and Salvia miltiorrhiza. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that AlCMK protein had the higher homology with CMK protein of Compositae. The pET-32a-AlCMK prokaryotic expression vector was constructed and a fusion protein with molecular mass of about 65 kDa was expressed in the E. coli BL21 (DE3). The qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression pattern of AlCMK gene in different tissues and after MeJA treatment. Meanwhile, the enzyme activity was determined by ELISA kit. The results showed that AlCMK gene was tissue-expressed in different origins and its expression was induced by MeJA, and the results of the enzyme activity assay showed that the AlCMK enzyme activity in different regions was higher in the leaves. The subcellular localization showed that AlCMK was located in the chloroplast. This study provides a reference for further elucidating the biological function of AlCMK gene in terpenoid synthesis pathway in Atractylodes lancea.

Objective To analyze the disease burden caused by occupational coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) in Anhui Methods Province. A total of 1 649 patients with occupational CWP diagnosed in Anhui Province from 1950 to 2019 were selected as the study subjects using a retrospective study method. Age, gender, survival time, location, working age of disease onset, age of death, stage and date of diagnosis of CWP, comorbidities at the time of investigation, hospitalization and outpatient expenses in the past year, cost of absence from work, cost of absence from work of caregivers, and cost of nutrition and transportation were investigated. The years of life lost, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability adjusted life years (DALYs) Results and economic losses were calculated. Among these patients, 1 405 cases survived and 244 cases died. In the age range - - - of 20.0 70.0 years, the YLDs of surviving patients were 2.12 22.20 (8.19±3.59) person years. The YLDs of patients with disease vs - P complications was higher than that of patients without complications [(8.55±3.95) (7.87±3.21) person years, <0.01]. The total - - DALYs of the patients was 14 031.59 person years, and the average per capita DALYs was 8.51 person years. Its YLDs accounted for 82.0 % of the total DALYs. The total economic loss caused by CWP in the 1 405 surviving patients was 354.903 0 Conclusion million yuan, and the average per capita economic loss was 252 600 yuan. The disease burden caused by CWP is relatively high in Anhui Province. In addition to early detection, diagnosis and treatment, it is necessary to focus on prevention and treatment of CWP complications to reduce the disease burden.

It was reported that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) knockout (α7 KO) mice showed few functional phenotypes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of α7 KO on the electrophysiological characteristics of hippocampus in mice. The effect of α7 KO on hippocampal CA3-CA1 synaptic transmission in mice was evaluated by standard extracellular field potential recordings. The electrophysiological phenotype of γ-aminobutyrate A receptors (GABA-Rs) of single hippocampal neuron was detected by perforated patch-clamp recordings. The results showed that, the slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) and carbachol-induced theta oscillation were significantly decreased in the hippocampal CA1 neurons of α7 KO mice, compared with those of wild type mice. Under the treatment of GABA-R agonist muscimol, the I-V curves of both the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 neurons of α7 KO mice shifted towards depolarizing direction obviously, compared with those of wild type mice. These results suggest that the hippocampal CA3-CA1 synaptic transmission in α7 KO mice was significantly impaired and GABA-R maturation was significantly delayed, indicating that the deletion of α7-nAChR gene could significantly change the electrophysiological function of the hippocampus. The results may provide a new understanding of the role of α7-nAChR in hippocampal function and associated diseases.
Animals ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons ; physiology ; Phenotype ; Synaptic Transmission ; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ; physiology

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between dry weight setting and the related parameters of PEW of multicenter hemodialysis patients in Guizhou. in order to provide the basis for setting dry weight in patients. METHODS: We conducted the research in patients of 11 hemodialysis center in Guizhou province. We collected demographic data(age, gender, nationality, marital status, education level, income status and so on) by questionnaire; are collected dry weight, ECW, ICW, fat mass,lean body mass and so on by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and then we also collected physical measurement indexes, such as waist circumference, hip circumference, medium arm circumference(MAC), tricep fold thickness(TSF)and crus diameter. The data is divided into three groups according to the dry weight setings. Group 1: dry weight setting was slightly lower(dry weight setted by doctors was slightly lower than bioelectrical impedance analysis results,withen 1 kg); group 2: dry weight setting was normal; group 3: dry weight setting slightly higher group(dry weight setted by doctors was slightly higher than bioelectrical impedance analysis results,withen 1 kg). We used Chi-square analysis to analyze PEW prevalence, compared differences of the PEW indications by variance analysis, and then we used Spearman correlation analysis to analyze the correlation between PEW and the indications. Influence of various factors on the PEW was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The PEW morbidity of group 3 was higher than the other two groups. PEW indicators such as upper arm midpoint diameter, tricep fold thickness, hip circumference, fat mass, BMI, Hb, Alb and prealbumin were lower than the other two groups, the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05). Correlation analysis results show that the degree of the factors associated with the PEW was as follows in turn BMI(r=-0.677, P<0.05), dry weight(r=0.636, P<0.05), upper arm midpoint diameter(r=-0.589, P<0.05), albumin(r=-0.562, P<0.05) and hip circumference(r=-0.475, P<0.05). Logistic regression showed that the factors affecting PEW were albumin(OR = 0.883, 95%CI: 0.782-0.997, P<0.05), BMI(OR = 0.671, 95%CI: 0.509-0.884, P<0.05), upper arm midpoint diameter(OR = 0.457, 95% CI: 0.318-0.655, P<0.05) and dry weight(OR = 1.191, 95%CI: 1.041-1.363, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The dry weight setting too high, insufficient amount of ultrafiltration and inadequate dialysis can increase the occurrence of PEW.

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (β2-nAChR) in the development of γ- aminobutyric acid A type receptors (GABA-Rs) in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons of mice.

METHODSThe hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons were acutely isolated from β2-nAChR gene knockout (β2-KO group) mice. GABA currents in CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons were induced with the selective GABA-R agonist muscimol and recorded using perforated patch-clamp recording technique. The GABA currents of CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons were tested for their equilibrium potentials (Es) and kinetic parameters and were compared with the measurements in wild-type mice (WT group).

RESULTSThe mean E of CA1 neurons (=7) of β2-KO mice (=4) was -31.7±3.5 mV, showing an obvious depolarizing shift compared with the WT mice ( < 0.05); the mean E of CA3 neurons (=4) was -16.1±4.6 mV, also showing a depolarizing shift ( < 0.01). The difference in the Es between CA3 and CA1 neurons in β2-KO mice, but not in WT mice, was significant ( < 0.05). The GABA-R desensitization was significantly slowed down in both CA1 and CA3 neurons of β2-KO mice, with decay time of 2.2±0.2 s and 3.2±0.1 s, respectively, significantly longer than those in WT mice (1.6±0.1 s and 2.3±0.1 s, respectively; < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSβ2-containing nAChRs may promote the functional maturation of GABA-R in CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells in mouse hippocampus.

Based on rDNA ITS sequences of Dendrobium officinale and the other 69 species of Dendrobium, a pair of dismatched allele-specific diagnostic primers, TPSH-AS1F and TPSH-AS1R were designed to authenticate D. officinale from the other species. Thebidirectional PCR amplification were performed using the diagnostic primers with the total DNAs of the original plants or processing products as a template. When the annealing temperature was raised to 60 ℃, only the template DNA of D. officinale could be amplified whereas the diagnostic PCRs of the other Dendrobium species were all negative. Compared with the other authentification methods, the bidirectional PCR amplifications is not only simpler and time-saving but practical and effective.