Colorectal cancer （CRC） is one of the most common cancers， with its incidence ranking high among cancers. It stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the early stages， CRC lacks specific symptoms， and most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages， making it a major research focus in the field of gastrointestinal tumors. Currently， clinical CRC treatments face several common challenges， including high surgical risks， frequent metastasis and recurrence， drug resistance， and significant side effects from chemotherapy and radiation therapy. With the development and application of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， it has been found that TCM and its active ingredients can effectively inhibit CRC cell proliferation， invasion， migration， and angiogenesis， and promote apoptosis and autophagy， thereby slowing the progression of CRC. This has become a key focus of CRC treatment research. Salvia Miltiorrhiza has multiple pharmacological effects， including activating blood circulation to dispel blood stasis， unlocking meridians to relieve pain， clearing heat to calm irritability， and cooling blood to reduce abscesses. It contains a variety of chemical components， including diterpenoids， phenolic acids， flavonoids， polysaccharides， nitrogen-containing compounds， steroids， and lactone compounds. This review summarized the molecular mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients in the treatment of CRC. It is found that these ingredients exert anti-CRC effects through various molecular mechanisms， including cell cycle arrest， promotion of apoptosis， inhibition of cell invasion and migration， induction of autophagy， suppression of tumor angiogenesis， and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. The review aims to provide new insights for the drug development and clinical application of Salvia miltiorrhiza in CRC treatment.

Objective: To investigate the impact of RhE antigen-matched transfusion during liver transplantation on early postoperative recovery and complications. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, ninety-five patients undergoing liver transplantation at Kunming First People's Hospital between January 2022 and July 2025 were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (RhE-mismatched transfusion, n=57) and Group 2 (RhE-matched transfusion, n=38). The baseline data, complete blood counts, hepatic and renal function, coagulation parameters, and complication rates between the two groups were compared at postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The baseline characteristics were well-balanced and comparable between the two groups (all P>0.05). The early postoperative mortality rate in the mismatched group (31.58%, 18/57) was significantly higher than that in the matched group (10.53%, 4/38) (P=0.017). The incidence of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy was significantly higher in the mismatched group (50.88%, 29/57) than in the matched group (10.53%, 4/38) (P<0.001). The incidence of postoperative haemorrhage in the mismatched group (24.56%, 14/57) was higher than that in the matched group (5.26%, 2/38), with a statistically significant difference (P=0.014). The incidence of perioperative infection in the mismatched group (28.07%, 16/57) was higher than that in the matched group (10.53%, 4/38), with a statistically significant difference (P=0.04). Corresponding odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals indicated a lower risk of these adverse events in the matched group. On postoperative day 1, the change in activated partial thromboplastin time (-1.6, 20.5) in the mismatched group was greater than in the matched group (-0.2, 5.5). The change in international normalised ratio (-0.56, 1.22) in the mismatched group was greater than in the matched group (-0.18, 0.32), while the change in albumin (-4.0, 4.8) was smaller in the mismatched group than in the matched group (-2.5, 8.8). On postoperative day 5, the change in albumin (-0.41±7.83) in the mismatched group was smaller than in the matched group (2.68±4.53). At postoperative day 7, the change in albumin in the mismatched group (-0.61±7.38) was smaller than that in the matched group (2.51±5.85), while the change in D-dimer in the mismatched group (0.73, 7.4) was greater than that in the matched group (-1.6, 4.3). On postoperative day 10, the mismatched group exhibited significantly higher fibrinogen levels (-1.21, 1.78) than the matched group (-0.49, 0.97), and significantly longer prothrombin times (-11.3, -2.7) than the matched group (-6.2, -0.8) (all P<0.05). The matched group exhibited a mean overall survival (OS) of 32.803 months (95% CI:29.171-36.436 months), significantly exceeding the mismatched group's 28.996 months (95% CI:24.202-33.790 months). The log-rank test yielded statistically significant results (χ =4.307, P=0.038). Conclusion: Implementing RhE blood group-matched transfusion during liver transplantation may help reduce early postoperative mortality and the incidence of major complication rates, promote faster recovery of coagulation and liver function, and thereby improve short-term patient outcomes.

AIM: To investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1)on the secretion of transforming growth factor β2(TGF-β2), matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)in human scleral fibroblasts(HSF)and their mechanism.METHODS: The cells were cultured with IGF-1 and PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002, respectively. CCK-8 method was used to detect cell viability and determine the optimal concentration and time of drug action. Cell migration activity was observed by cell scratch method. To determine the effects of IGF-1 on HSF cells and the regulatory role of PI3K/AKT pathway, HSF cells were divided into control group(without drugs), IGF-1(80 μg/L)group, IGF-1+LY294002(80 μg/L+5 mmol/L)group, and LY294002(5 mmol/L)group, and were cultured for 24 h; the protein expression levels of TGF-β2, MMP-2, HIF-1α, PI3K and AKT were detected by Western blot; the fluorescence expression of TGF-β2, MMP-2 and HIF-1α was detected by cellular immunofluorescence.RESULTS: The results of CCK-8 showed that the cell viability of the 80 μg/L IGF-1 group cultured with different concentrations of IGF-1 was the highest(all P<0.05), and the cell viability of the 80 μg/L IGF-1 group at 24 h was the highest under different culture times. Therefore, the concentration of IGF-1 was selected as 80 μg/L for 24 h. The viability of cells cultured with different concentrations of LY294002 gradually decreased from 6 h(all P<0.05). According to the IC50 value, therefore, the concentration of LY294002 was selected as 5 mmol/L for 24 h. The cell scratch results showed that compared with the control group, the cell mobility of 40 μg/L and 80 μg/L IGF-1 groups was increased(all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, cell mobility in the 2.5 and 5 mmol/L LY294002 groups was decreased(all P<0.05). Western blot results showed that compared with the control group, the protein expressions of TGF-β2, MMP-2, HIF-1α, PI3K and AKT in the IGF-1 group were increased, while those in the LY294002 group were decreased(all P<0.05). Compared with the IGF-1 group, the expression levels of TGF-β2, MMP-2, HIF-1α, PI3K and AKT in the IGF-1+LY294002 group were decreased(all P<0.05). The results of cell immunofluorescence showed that compared with the control group, the fluorescence expressions of TGF-β2, MMP-2 and HIF-1α in the IGF-1 group were increased, while those in the LY294002 group were decreased(all P<0.05). Compared with the IGF-1 group, the fluorescence expressions of TGF-β2, MMP-2 and HIF-1α in the IGF-1+LY294002 group were significantly decreased(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: IGF-1 promoted the proliferation and migration of human HSF. IGF-1 may up-regulate the expression of TGF-β2, MMP-2 and HIF-1α in HSF through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and participate in the occurrence and development of myopia.

Purpose: This study assessed the performance of the ultrasound-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP) in diagnosing and grading hepatic steatosis in patients with metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) served as the reference standard. Methods: Patients with hepatic steatosis were enrolled in this prospective study and underwent UGAP measurements. MRI-PDFF values of ≥5%, ≥15%, and ≥25% were used as references for the diagnosis of steatosis grades ≥S1, ≥S2, and S3, respectively. Spearman correlation coefficients and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were calculated. Results: Between July 2023 and June 2024, the study included 88 patients (median age, 40 years; interquartile range [IQR], 36 to 46 years), of whom 54.5% (48/88) were men and 45.5% (40/88) were women. Steatosis grades exhibited the following distribution: 22.7% (20/88) had S0, 50.0% (44/88) had S1, 21.6% (19/88) had S2, and 5.7% (5/88) had S3. The success rate for UGAP measurements was 100%. The median UGAP value was 0.74 dB/cm/MHz (IQR, 0.65 to 0.82 dB/ cm/MHz), and UGAP values were positively correlated with MRI-PDFF (r=0.77, P<0.001). The AUCs of UGAP for the diagnoses of ≥S1, ≥S2, and S3 steatosis were 0.91, 0.90, and 0.88, respectively. In the subgroup analysis, 98.4% (60/61) of patients had valid controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) values. UGAP measurements were positively correlated with CAP values (r=0.65, P<0.001). Conclusion Using MRI-PDFF as the reference standard, UGAP demonstrates good diagnostic performance in the detection and grading of hepatic steatosis in patients with MASLD.

Objective:To explore the effect of CO2 fractional laser combined with glucocorticoid(GC)on T follicular helper cell(Tfh)and B cell subsets in patients with advanced vitiligo(VL).Methods:Patients with advanced VL(128 cases)who were treated in Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering from August 2019 to March 2022 were selected as research objects,and divided into group A(64 cases,CO2 fractional laser combined with GC)and group B(64 cases,CO2 fractional laser)according to different treatment methods,clinical efficacy and safety of the two groups were compared.Another healthy subjects(64 cases)were selected as control group.Collected clinical data of the three groups of subjects for comparative analysis.Randomized walking model was used to evaluate the effect of CO2 fractional laser combined with GC on immune function and inflammatory response in patients with advanced VL.Results:Compared with group B,group A had a higher clinical total effective rate(P<0.05)and a lower probability of adverse reactions(P<0.05).After treatment,compared with control group,proportion of Tfh2 and Tfh17 in group A had no significant difference(P>0.05),while proportion of Tfh2 and Tfh17 in group B still had significant difference(P<0.05);compared with group B,proportion of Tfh2 in group A after treatment was higher(P<0.05),while proportion of Tfh17 type was lower(P<0.05).After treat-ment,compared with control group,proportion of memory transformed B cell in group B was still significantly different(P<0.05).After treatment,compared with control group,levels of IgA,IgE and IgM in group B were still significantly different(P<0.05);compared with group B,level of IgM in group A was higher after treatment(P<0.05).After treatment,compared with control group,levels of IL-21 and IL-1β in group B were still significantly different(P<0.05);compared with group B,level of IL-10 in group A after treatment was higher(P<0.05),while levels of IL-21 and IL-1β were lower(P<0.05).Evaluation results of random walking model showed that the improvement of immune function and inflammatory reaction in group A was better than that in group B.Conclusion:CO2 fractional laser combined with GC can improve the immune function and inflammatory reaction of patients with advanced VL better after treatment,and the probability of adverse reactions is lower.

Digestive system tumors account for more than half of all malignant tumors in terms of incidence and mortality,and thus pose a serious threat to human health.Haptoglobin(Hp)is an acute-phase glycoprotein that is elevated in both plasma and tumor tissues in various clinical conditions,including different types of cancer,such as liver,gastric,colorectal,pancreatic,and gallbladder cancer.Numerous studies have indicated that Hp plays a significant role in the prognosis of cancer patients,highlighting its potential as a prognostic marker for gastrointestinal tumors,with important clinical applications.Despite its demonstrated crucial role in the development of various tumors,however,the specific mechanisms of Hp in gastrointestinal tumors remain controversial.This review considers the differential expression and clinical significance of Hp in the five major types of gastrointestinal tumors,to explore its role in different stages of cancer progression and prognosis.This review thus aims to provide reliable and accurate serum biomarkers for the screening,early diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis monitoring of gastrointestinal tumors,with important implications for predicting the survival and prognosis of cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE T o explore the effectiveness and safety of azvudine in prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the population of close contact with families with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.METHODS A total of 64 people who were closely contact with the families with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and were trea-ted in Ma'anshan People's Hospital from Jan.2023 to Oct.2023 were enrolled in the study and randomly divid-ed into the group A with 22 cases,the group B with 17 cases and the group C with 25 cases.The group A was giv-en 5mg of azvudine,the group B was given 3mg of azvudine plus 2mg of placebo,and the group C was given 5 mg of azvudine;all the three groups were treated for 7 days in total.The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP),immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin M(IgM)were observed among the three groups of research subjects after the drug therapies;the adverse reactions were re-corded during the research period.RESULTS The incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 4.55％in the group A,11.76％in the group B,12.00％in the group C,and there was no significant difference(x2=0.921,P=0.631).There were no significant differences in the levels of IL-6,CRP,IgG and IgM among the three groups be-fore and after the drug therapies.The incidence of adverse reactions such as fatigue,cough,hypertriglyceridemia and gastrointestinal tract reactions was 9.09％in the group A after the drug therapies,11.76％in the group B,12.00％in the group C,and there was no significant difference.CONCLUSION There is no significant difference in the effectiveness of azvudine in prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the population of close contact with families with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection,with the safety and tolerance favorable.

Digestive system tumors account for more than half of all malignant tumors in terms of incidence and mortality,and thus pose a serious threat to human health.Haptoglobin(Hp)is an acute-phase glycoprotein that is elevated in both plasma and tumor tissues in various clinical conditions,including different types of cancer,such as liver,gastric,colorectal,pancreatic,and gallbladder cancer.Numerous studies have indicated that Hp plays a significant role in the prognosis of cancer patients,highlighting its potential as a prognostic marker for gastrointestinal tumors,with important clinical applications.Despite its demonstrated crucial role in the development of various tumors,however,the specific mechanisms of Hp in gastrointestinal tumors remain controversial.This review considers the differential expression and clinical significance of Hp in the five major types of gastrointestinal tumors,to explore its role in different stages of cancer progression and prognosis.This review thus aims to provide reliable and accurate serum biomarkers for the screening,early diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis monitoring of gastrointestinal tumors,with important implications for predicting the survival and prognosis of cancer patients.

Intracranial or extracranial artery stenosis is the major reason of ischemic stroke,which leads to insufficient cerebral blood flow perfusion and triggers cerebral dysfunction.The detection rate of unruptured intracranial aneurysm(UIA)combined with intracranial or extracranial artery stenosis is increasing with advances in diagnostic techniques for cerebrovascular disease.Due to the complexity of location and hemodynamic implications,there is no consensus on the treatment of UIA combined with intracranial or extracranial artery stenosis.This article summarized several types of UIA combined with intracranial or extracranial artery stenosis in terms of anatomical location,hemodynamics,and therapy strategies,aiming to provide references for clinical interventionalists.

Objective To investigate the effects of miR-362-3p on the proliferation,migration and invasion of esophageal cancer EC9706 cells and its molecular mechanism.Methods The cancerous tissues and adjacent tissues of 30 patients with esophageal cancer from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected,and human normal esophageal epithelial cells HET-1 A and esophageal cancer cells EC9706,TE10,KYSE-140,KYSE-150 were cultured in vitro.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to detect the expression levels of miR-362-3p and dual specificity phosphatase 10(DUSP10)mRNA in tissues and cells.EC9706 cells were divided into NC group(normally cultured),miR-NC group(transfected miR-362-3p mimic NC)and miR-362-3p group(transfected miR-362-3p mimic),si-NC group(transfected with DUSP10 siRNA NC),si-DUSP10 group(transfected with DUSP10 siRNA),miR-362-3p+pcDNA group(co-transfected with miR-362-3p mimic and pcDNA3.1-DUSP10 NC)and miR-362-3p+pcDNA-DUSP10 group(co-transfected with miR-362-3p mimic and pcDNA3.1-DUSP10).The expression levels of miR-362-3p and DUSP10 mRNA in each group were detected by RT-qPCR.Cell proliferation activity was detected by MTT assay.Cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay.The expressions of DUSP10,CyclinD1,p21,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were detected by Western blot.Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to detect the targeting relationship between miR-362-3p and DUSP10.Results The expression of miR-362-3p was high and DUSP10 was low in esophageal cancer tissues and cells.Overexpression of miR-362-3p or knockdown of DUSP10 expression significantly reduced the activity,migration and invasion number and the expression of CyclinD1,MMP-2 and MMP-9,and significantly increased the expression of p21 in EC9706 cells(P＜0.05).miR-362-3p targeted the expression of DUSP10(P＜0.05).And up-regulation of DUSP10 expression partially reversed the effects of overexpression of miR-362-3p on the proliferation,migration and invasion of EC9706 cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion miR-362-3p can inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of EC9706 cells by down-regulating the expression of DUSP10.