ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Qidan Yifei Tongqiao granules （QDYF） alleviate nasal mucosal remodeling in allergic rhinitis （AR） via the interleukin-33 （IL-33）/growth stimulation expressed gene 2 （ST2）/interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein （IL-1RAP） signaling pathway from the perspective of Qi-replenishing and blood-activating therapy. MethodsFirst， according to the previous network pharmacology results， this study predicted the potential mechanisms of QDYF in treating AR by screening key pathways， components， and targets. Molecular docking was performed via AutoDock and PyMOL 2.5.5. Subsequently， a rat model of ovalbumin （OVA）-induced AR was used for validation through in vivo experiments. Forty-eight rats were assigned into 6 groups： Control， model， low-dose QDYF （QDYF-L， 4.04 g·kg^-1）， medium-dose QDYF （QDYF-M， 8.08 g·kg^-1）， high-dose QDYF （QDYF-H， 16.16 g·kg^-1）， and loratadine （0.9 mg·kg^-1）. After 14 days of intervention， behavioral scores of the rats were observed. The morphological changes of nasal mucosa tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Masson staining was used to observe collagen fiber deposition in the nasal mucosal tissue and to calculate the collagen volume fraction （CVF）. The expression of E-cadherin （E-cad） in the nasal mucosa tissue was detected by immunofluorescence. The serum levels of helper T cell 2 （Th2） cytokines interleukin-4 （IL-4）， interleukin-5 （IL-5）， and interleukin-13 （IL-13） as well as helper T cell 1 （Th1） cytokines interleukin-2 （IL-2） and interferon-γ （INF-γ） were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The protein levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 （TGF-β₁）， IL-33， ST2， and IL-1RAP in the nasal mucosa tissue were determined by Western blot. ResultsIL-33， ST2， and IL-1RAP had strong binding ability with the main active ingredients—wogonin， 7-methoxy-2-methylisoflavone， formononetin， naringenin， stigmasterol， and beta-sitosterol of QDYF， with the binding energy < -4.25 kcal⋅mol^-1（1 cal≈4.184 J）. The results of in vivo experiments showed that compared with the control group， the model group exhibited increased behavioral scores （P<0.05）， aggravated pathological damage of nasal mucosa， increased collagen fiber deposition and CVF （P<0.05）， elevated serum levels of IL-4， IL-5， and IL-13， up-regulated protein levels of TGF-β₁， IL-33， ST2， and IL-1RAP in the nasal mucosa （P<0.05）， down-regulated expression of E-cad， and declined serum levels of IL-2， IFN-γ， and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the QDYF groups and loratadine group showed reduced behavioral scores （P<0.05）， alleviated pathological damage of nasal mucosa， reduced collagen fiber deposition and CVF （P<0.05）， and up-regulated E-cad expression （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the QDYF-H group and the loratadine group showed raised levels of INF-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio （P<0.05）， declined serum levels of IL-4， IL-5， and IL-13， and down-regulated protein levels of TGF-β₁， IL-33， ST2， and IL-1RAP in the nasal mucosa （P<0.05）. In addition， the QDYF-H group exhibited an elevated serum IL-2 level （P<0.05）. The QDYF-M group showed down-regulated protein levels of TGF-β₁， IL-33 and IL-1RAP in the nasal mucosa （P<0.05）. The QDYF-L group demonstrated a down-regulated protein level of ST2 in the nasal mucosa （P<0.05）. ConclusionQDYF may regulate the Th1/Th2 balance through the IL-33/ST2/IL-1RAP signaling pathway， thereby ameliorating nasal mucosal tissue remodeling and alleviating AR.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of three-dimensional foot-ankle exercises (3DFAE) on mild-to-moderate hallux valgus in young women. MethodsFrom October to December, 2024, 45 female patients aged 18 to 26 years with hallux valgus were recruited from Capital University of Physical Education and Sports. They were randomly divided into control group (n = 15), toe-spread-out (TSO) group (n = 15) and 3DFAE group (n = 15). The control group only received foot health education, while the two intervention groups performed corresponding exercise training, for four weeks. Hallux valgus angle (HVA) was measured with photographic method, abductor hallucis activation was detected with surface electromyography, cross-sectional area of abductor hallucis was measured with Doppler ultrasound, and active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) was assessed with a goniometer, before intervention, immediately after intervention, and four weeks after training cessation. A perceived difficulty scale was adopted to evaluate the training difficulty of TSO group and 3DFAE group at the first training session and upon completion of intervention. ResultsThe effects of time and interaction were significant for bilateral HVA, abductor hallucis activation, cross-sectional area of abductor hallucis and ankle dorsiflexion ROM (F > 2.728, P < 0.05), and the effect of group of left ankle dorsiflexion ROM was also significant (F = 4.995, P < 0.05). After intervention, bilateral HVA, abductor hallucis activation, cross-sectional area of abductor hallucis and ankle dorsiflexion ROM were all better than those before intervention (P < 0.05), and most indicators were superior to those measured at the 4-week follow-up (P < 0.05). The left ankle dorsiflexion ROM was better in 3DFAE group than in the control group and TSO group (P < 0.05). At the first intervention session, the perceived training difficulty was lower in 3DFAE group than in TSO group (t = 3.334, P = 0.002), and it decreased (t = 5.292, P < 0.001) after four weeks of training in TSO group, with no significant difference compared with 3DFAE group (P > 0.05). Conclusion3DFAE can improve ankle dorsiflexion ROM in young female patients with hallux valgus, with no more difficulty than TSO, and lower initial operation difficulty.

Cell models can simulate a variety of life states and disease developments, including single cells, two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids, and organoids. They are essential tools for addressing complex biochemical questions. With continuous advancements in biological and cellular analysis technologies, in vitro cellular models designed to answer scientific questions have evolved rapidly. Early in vitro models primarily relied on 2D systems, which failed to accurately replicate the complex cellular compositions and microenvironmental interactions observed in vivo, let alone support sophisticated investigations into cellular biological functions. Subsequent improvements in cell culture techniques led to the development of 3D culture-based models, such as cellular spheroids. The advent of pluripotent stem cell technology further advanced the development of organoid systems, which closely mimic human organ development. Compared to traditional 2D models, both 3D cellular models and organoids offer significant advantages, including personalization and enhanced physiological relevance, making them particularly suitable for exploring molecular mechanisms of disease progression, discovering novel cellular and biomolecular functions, and conducting related studies. The imaging analysis of common cellular models primarily employs labeling-based methods for in situ imaging of targeted genes, proteins, and small-molecule metabolites, enabling further research on cell types, states, metabolism, and drug efficacy. However, these approaches have drawbacks such as poor labeling specificity and complex experimental procedures. By using cells as experimental models, mass spectrometry technology combined with morphological analysis can reveal quantitative changes and spatial distributions of various biological substances at the spatiotemporal level, including metabolites, proteins, lipids, peptides, drugs, environmental pollutants, and metals. This allows for the investigation of cell-cell interactions, tumor microenvironments, and cellular bioinformational heterogeneity. The application of these cutting-edge imaging technologies generates vast amounts of cellular data, necessitating the development of rapid, efficient, and highly accurate image data algorithms for precise segmentation and identification of single cells, multi-organelle structures, rare cell subpopulations, and complex cellular morphologies. A critical focus lies in creating deep learning models and algorithms that enhance the accuracy of cellular visualization. At the same time, establishing more robust data integration tools is essential not only for analyzing and interpreting outputs but also for effectively uncovering the biological significance of spatially resolved mass spectrometry data. Developing a cell imaging platform with high versatility, operational stability, and specificity to enable data interoperability will significantly enhance its utility in clinical research, thereby advancing investigations into disease molecular mechanisms and supporting precision diagnostics and therapeutics. In contrast to genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic information, the metabolome can rapidly respond to external stimuli and cellular physiological changes within a short timeframe. This rapid and precise reflection of ongoing cellular state alterations has positioned spatial metabolomics as a pivotal approach for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying physiological and pathological processes in cells, tissues, and organisms. In this review, we summarize research on cell imaging based on mass spectrometry technologies, including the selection and preparation of cell models, morphological analysis of cell models, spatial omics techniques based on mass spectrometry, mass cytometry, and their applications. We also discuss the current challenges and propose future directions for development in this field.

Objective: To retrospectively compare the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with parotidectomy for superficial pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Materials and Methods: From March 2022 to October 2023, 88 patients diagnosed with superficial parotid PA underwent either RFA (n = 12; mean age, 47.1 years) or parotidectomy (n = 76; mean age, 47.8 years). Patients in the RFA group were matched to those in the surgery group in a 1:1 ratio using propensity scores based on age, sex, tumor volume, diameter, location, and comorbidities. Ultrasound characteristics, cosmetic scores (0–4), numerical rating scale scores (0–10), and complications were assessed before the procedures and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. Outcomes were compared between baseline and follow-up in the RFA group and between the RFA and surgery groups. Results: In the RFA group, significant reductions in tumor volume were observed between baseline (median, 2.02 cm 3 ) and the 1-month follow-up (median, 1.21 cm 3 ; P = 0.015), between the 1-month and 3-month follow-ups (median, 0.53 cm 3 ; P= 0.002), and between the 3- and 6-month follow-ups (median, 0.23 cm 3 ; P = 0.003). The volume reduction ratios at 1, 3, and 6 months were 39.7%, 79.9%, and 88.0%, respectively. The cosmetic score was significantly lower at 3- and 6-month followup compared to baseline (median 1 and 1 vs. 4, P = 0.04). The numerical rating scale scores did not differ significantly from baseline throughout follow-up. In the propensity score-matched analysis (12 patients per group), RFA was associated with a shorter median procedure time (61.5 vs. 253.3 minutes; P < 0.001), shorter hospital stay (0 vs. 4 days; P < 0.001), and lower cost (1859.9 vs. 3512.4 USD; P < 0.001) than parotidectomy, with no significant difference in overall complication rates (33.3% [4/12] vs. 41.7% [5/12]; P = 1.000). Conclusion RFA may be a safe and effective alternative to surgery for superficial parotid PA, offering a shorter median procedure time, shorter hospital stay, and lower costs.

Objective: To retrospectively compare the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with parotidectomy for superficial pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Materials and Methods: From March 2022 to October 2023, 88 patients diagnosed with superficial parotid PA underwent either RFA (n = 12; mean age, 47.1 years) or parotidectomy (n = 76; mean age, 47.8 years). Patients in the RFA group were matched to those in the surgery group in a 1:1 ratio using propensity scores based on age, sex, tumor volume, diameter, location, and comorbidities. Ultrasound characteristics, cosmetic scores (0–4), numerical rating scale scores (0–10), and complications were assessed before the procedures and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. Outcomes were compared between baseline and follow-up in the RFA group and between the RFA and surgery groups. Results: In the RFA group, significant reductions in tumor volume were observed between baseline (median, 2.02 cm 3 ) and the 1-month follow-up (median, 1.21 cm 3 ; P = 0.015), between the 1-month and 3-month follow-ups (median, 0.53 cm 3 ; P= 0.002), and between the 3- and 6-month follow-ups (median, 0.23 cm 3 ; P = 0.003). The volume reduction ratios at 1, 3, and 6 months were 39.7%, 79.9%, and 88.0%, respectively. The cosmetic score was significantly lower at 3- and 6-month followup compared to baseline (median 1 and 1 vs. 4, P = 0.04). The numerical rating scale scores did not differ significantly from baseline throughout follow-up. In the propensity score-matched analysis (12 patients per group), RFA was associated with a shorter median procedure time (61.5 vs. 253.3 minutes; P < 0.001), shorter hospital stay (0 vs. 4 days; P < 0.001), and lower cost (1859.9 vs. 3512.4 USD; P < 0.001) than parotidectomy, with no significant difference in overall complication rates (33.3% [4/12] vs. 41.7% [5/12]; P = 1.000). Conclusion RFA may be a safe and effective alternative to surgery for superficial parotid PA, offering a shorter median procedure time, shorter hospital stay, and lower costs.

BACKGROUND:Titanium implants are widely used in clinical practice because of their high strength and good biocompatibility.However,during implantation,bacterial infection and tissue damage environment produce a large number of reactive oxygen species,which can easily lead to delayed tissue healing and surgical failure.Consequently,the development of titanium implants with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties becomes paramount. OBJECTIVE:Considering the potent antimicrobial attributes of copper ions and the remarkable antioxidant qualities of polyphenols,we proposed the fabrication of polyphenol-mediated copper ion coatings on titanium surfaces.These coatings were subsequently assessed for their in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. METHODS:Nanostructures were generated on the titanium surface using the alkali thermal method.The titanium was immersed in a solution containing tannic acid and copper ions to achieve polyphenol-mediated copper ion coatings.The surface morphology and water contact angle were detected.The loading and release of copper ions were examined using atomic absorption spectroscopy.Staphylococcus aureus was inoculated on the surface of pure titanium sheet(blank group),alkali heat treated titanium sheet(control group),and polyphenol mediated copper ion modified titanium sheet(experimental group)to observe the bacterial survival status.Osteoblast precursor cells MC3T3-E1 were co-cultivated on the surface of three groups of titanium sheets to assess their antioxidant properties and bioactivity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Scanning electron microscopy showed that the polyphenol-mediated copper ion modified titanium sheet had rod-like nanostructures and no cracks on the surface.The surface hydrophilicity of copper ion modified titanium sheet mediated by polyphenol was close to that of pure titanium sheet.Atomic absorption spectrometry results showed a 51%increase in the loading capacity of copper ions after polyphenol mediation,with a uniform release of copper ions.(2)The antibacterial rates of titanium sheets in the blank group,control group,and experimental group were 0%,21.65%,and 93.75%,respectively.The live/dead staining and CTC staining showed that the live bacteria on the surface of titanium plates in the blank group were the most,and the live bacteria on the surface of titanium plates in the experimental group were the least.(3)The results of live/dead staining and CCK-8 assay showed that the three groups of titanium sheets had good cytocompatibility,and the titanium sheets in the experimental group were more conducive to the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells.Active oxygen fluorescence probe detection exhibited that compared with the other two groups,the fluorescence intensity of active oxygen on the surface of the experimental group was significantly reduced.The results of alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red S staining showed that the osteogenic differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of titanium sheets in the experimental group were stronger than those in the other two groups.(4)These results show that the polyphenol-mediated copper ion coating has strong antibacterial and antioxidant properties and promotes osteogenic differentiation.

BACKGROUND:Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease.Early diagnosis is crucial for preventing disease progression and for effective treatment.Therefore,it is of significance to investigate the diagnostic characteristics and immune cell infiltration of rheumatoid arthritis. OBJECTIVE:Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,to screen potential diagnostic markers of rheumatoid arthritis using machine learning algorithms and to investigate the relationship between the diagnostic characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis and immune cell infiltration in this pathology. METHODS:The gene expression datasets of synovial tissues related to rheumatoid arthritis were obtained from the GEO database.The data sets were merged using a batch effect removal method.Differential expression analysis and functional correlation analysis of genes were performed using R software.Bioinformatics analysis and three machine learning algorithms were used for the extraction of disease signature genes,and key genes related to rheumatoid arthritis were screened.Furthermore,we analyzed immune cell infiltration on all differentially expressed genes to examine the inflammatory state of rheumatoid arthritis and investigate the correlation between their diagnostic characteristics and infiltrating immune cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In both rheumatoid arthritis and normal synovial tissues,we identified 179 differentially expressed genes,with 124 genes up-regulated and 55 genes down-regulated.Enrichment analysis revealed a significant correlation between rheumatoid arthritis and immune response.Three machine learning algorithms identified LRRC15 and MICB as potential biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis.LRRC15(area under the curve=0.964,95%confidence interval:0.924-0.992)and MICB(area under the curve=0.961,95%confidence interval:0.923-0.990)demonstrated strong diagnostic performance on the validation dataset.The infiltration of 13 types of immune cells was altered,with macrophages being the most affected.In rheumatoid arthritis,the majority of proinflammatory pathways in immune cell function were activated.Immunocorrelation analysis revealed that LRRC15 and MICB had the strongest correlation with M1 macrophages.To conclude,this study identified LRRC15 and MICB as potential diagnostic markers for rheumatoid arthritis,with strong diagnostic performance and significant correlation with immune cell infiltration.Machine learning and bioinformatics analysis deepened the understanding of immune infiltration in rheumatoid arthritis and provided new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective:To investigate the application value of intraoperative electrocochleography（ECochG） monitoring technique and insertion techniques in cochlear implant（CI） and analyze its relationship with postoperative residual hearing（RH） preservation. Methods:Thirty-one patients（35 ears） who received CI in our hospital from June 2022 to July 2024 were enrolled. The Advanced Bionics Active Insertion Monitoring（AIM） system was used for real-time ECochG monitoring during surgery. Intraoperative cochlear microphonics （CM） waveform changes were recorded and analyzed in relation to postoperative RH preservation. Results:①ECochG recordings were successfully obtained in 34 of 35 ears （97.1%）. ②According to Harris classification, there were 7 ears（20.6%） of Type A（rising）, 7 ears（20.6%） of Type C（declining）, 8 ears（23.5%） of Type CC（fluctuating）, and 12 ears（35.3%） of Type D（no response）. ③The total CM amplitude decrease was significantly moderately correlated with postoperative low-mid frequency hearing loss（r=0.67, P=0.017）. The total CM amplitude decrease was significantly moderately correlated with postoperative low frequency hearing loss（r=0.65, P=0.023）. ④For the mean amplitude variation, the Amax was 30.70 μV, the Amin was 8.64 μV, and the Aend was 18.27 μV. ⑤Sixteen cases completed postoperative follow-up, with an average low-mid frequency（125-1 000 Hz） residual hearing loss of 15.25 dB HL and a RH preservation rate of 87.5%. Conclusion:Intraoperative ECochG monitoring can effectively predict postoperative residual hearing changes, effectively guide surgical manipulation, and improve residual hearing preservation rate.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation/methods* ; Audiometry, Evoked Response ; Cochlear Implants ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Child ; Aged ; Postoperative Period

Objective To explore the expression characteristics of BAIAP2L1 in cervical cancer (CC) and its regulatory role in tumor cell metastasis. Methods The correlation between BAIAP2L1 expression and clinical prognosis was analyzed by using a public database. GO pathway enrichment and clinicopathological correlation analyses were conducted by employing R language. The effect of BAIAP2L1 knockdown on CC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were further investigated through gene silencing approaches. Results BAIAP2L1 expression was significantly upregulated in CC tissues (P_adj <0.001) and it was identified as an independent risk factor for patient mortality (HR=2.808, P=0.03). Elevated BAIAP2L1 levels showed significant correlations with poor overall survival, advanced T/N stage, recurrence, and metastasis (all P<0.05). Functional enrichment analysis revealed its involvement in tumor metastasis-related pathways. The knockdown of BAIAP2L1 significantly attenuated CC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and suppressed key EMT processes (all P<0.05). Conclusion BAIAP2L1 is overexpressed in CC tissues and associated with patient prognosis and metastasis. The targeted inhibition of BAIAP2L1 can effectively curb tumor progression.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic encephalitis B in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2007 to 2023, so as to provide the evidence for formulating prevention and control measures for epidemic encephalitis B. Methods: Epidemic encephalitis B case data in Huzhou City from 2007 to 2023 were collected through the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The temporal, regional and population distribution characteristics of laboratory-confirmed epidemic encephalitis B cases were analyzed using the descriptively epidemiological method. Results: A total of 49 laboratory-confirmed epidemic encephalitis B cases were reported in Huzhou City from 2007 to 2023, and the average annual incidence was 0.10/105, showing a significant downward trend (P<0.05). The epidemic encephalitis B cases were concentrated from July to August, and July was the peak month, with 40 cases accounting for 81.63%. There was a statistically significant difference in the average annual incidences of epidemic encephalitis B among counties (districts) (P<0.05). Nanxun District had the highest reported incidence, with an average annual incidence of 0.23/105. There were 30 male cases and 19 female cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.58∶1. The youngest case was 5 months old, and the oldest was 49 years old. The children under 15 years were in the majority, with 42 cases accounting for 85.71%. Most of the cases were scattered children, with 25 cases accounting for 51.02%. There were 22 cases with no vaccination history and 21 cases with an unknown vaccination history, accounting for 44.90% and 42.86% respectively. All cases presented with fever. Other main clinical symptoms included listlessness, drowsiness, vomiting and headache, with 47, 40, 33 and 29 cases respectively, accounting for 95.92%, 81.63%, 67.35% and 59.18%, respectively. Conclusions The incidence of epidemic encephalitis B in Huzhou City remained at a relatively low level from 2007 to 2023, with Nanxun District being the high-risk area and July being the peak month for disease incidence. Fever and listlessness were the predominant clinical manifestations. Strengthening vaccination for children under 15 years should be prioritized.