Three 2,3-diketoquinoxaline alkaloids were isolated from Heterosmilax yunnanensis Gagnep. Their structures were determined through 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, and IR as 1-[5′-(3″-hydroxy-3″-methyl) glutaryl] ribityl-2,3-diketo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethylquinoxaline (1), 1-[2′-(3″-hydroxy-3″-methyl) glutaryl]ribityl-2,3-diketo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethylquinoxaline (2), and 1-ribityl-2,3-diketo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethylquinoxaline (3). Compounds 1 and 2 are novel compounds, and 3 was isolated from H. yunnanensis for the first time. The hepatoprotective activity of these three compounds was evaluated, with compound 3 showing promising hepatoprotective activity.

Objective:To study the impact of different scattering correction algorithms in the reconstruction of PET/CT images on image artifacts and the precision of quantitative parameters.Methods:The phantom as described in the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU2 standard was filled with 18F. The background activity was fixed, and the activity of the solution in the spheres was adjusted to obtain several configurations, including the normal ratio group (4.08∶1) and the extreme ratio group (200∶1). The surface contamination group with the same ratio as the extreme ratio group contained a small radioactive source with different doses of 18F (74, 37, 3.7 and 0.37 MBq) placed at the surface of the phantom. PET/CT images of 30 patients (21 males, 9 females, age: (44.5±10.2) years) from Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute between July 2012 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 10 with normal images ( 18F-FDG) and 20 with abnormal images (10 with dislocation during acquisition, 10 with surface contamination). The images were reconstructed with relative and absolute scattering correction. The phantom was evaluated using the target to background ratio (TBR) and the artifact classification. CV as well as the artifact classification were used to compare the clinical image quality. Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test were used to analyze data. Results:In the normal ratio group and the extreme ratio group, the TBRs of phantom images reconstructed with relative correction were significantly higher than those with absolute correction (normal ratio group: 3.30(1.94, 4.53) vs 2.72(1.56, 3.56); z=-2.20, P=0.028; extreme ratio group: 105.47(45.62, 162.82) vs 101.36(43.96, 155.57); z=-1.99, P=0.046). In the surface contamination group, with the increase of the activity of the small source, the artifact became more obvious, and the artifact classification score of absolute correction was significantly better than that of relative correction (1.5(1.0, 2.0) vs 2.5(2.0, 3.0); z=-2.00, P=0.046). In the 10 normal 18F-FDG PET/CT patients, the CVliver of the relative correction (9.67%(8.00%, 11.00%)) was significantly lower than that of absolute correction (11.00%(9.00%, 12.00%); z=-2.57, P=0.010), indicating the higher image quality of images with relative correction. In abnormal images, the image quality of absolute correction was significantly higher than that of relative correction with fewer and less severe artifacts (dislocation cases: 9/10 vs 4/10; χ2=5.50, P=0.019; surface contamination cases: 9/10 vs 4/10; χ2=5.50, P=0.019). Conclusions:The relative scattering correction is suitable for normal situations in clinical PET acquisition. However, with dislocation or surface contamination, the absolute scattering correction helps to reduce the artifacts and improve the image quality.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intra-biliary drainage versus T-tube drainage following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) for choledocholithiasis.Methods:The clinical data of 50 patients undergoing LCBDE for choledocholithiasis in Dalian Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 2018 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 23 males and 27 females, aged (61.3±16.2) years old. Patients were divided into the intra-biliary drainage group and T-tube drainage group. Propensity score matching was used to match the baseline data of the two groups at a 1∶1 ratio. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, abdominal drainage tube indwelling time, postoperative bile drainage volume and postoperative complications were compared between the groups.Results:Compared with the T-tube group, the operative time [(155.0±36.5) min vs. (194.4±55.8) min], length of postoperative hospital stay [8.0(7.0, 8.0) d vs. 11.0(8.0, 13.0) d], and abdominal drainage tube indwelling time [5.0(4.0, 6.0) d vs. 6.0(5.0, 8.0) d] were all shorter in the intra-biliary drainage tube group (all P<0.05). The postoperative bile drainage volume was reduced [0 ml vs. 431.4(344.7, 484.3) ml]. No postoperative bile leakage occurred in either group. The intraoperative blood loss, proportion of postoperative residual stone, stone recurrence and biliary stricture were comparable between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Intra-biliary tube drainage following LCBDE could be safe and effective for choledocholithiasis. Compared to the classic procedure of T-tube drainage, it may be superior in the operation time, postoperative hospital stay, abdominal drainage tube indwelling time, postoperative bile drainage volume.

The lung is one of the most common sites for cancer metastasis. Collagens in the lung provide a permissive microenvironment that supports the colonization and outgrowth of disseminated tumor cells. Therefore, down-regulating the production of collagens may contribute to the inhibition of lung metastasis. It has been suggested that miR-29 exhibits effective anti-fibrotic activity by negatively regulating the expression of collagens. Indeed, our clinical lung tumor data shows that miR-29a-3p expression negatively correlates with collagen I expression in lung tumors and positively correlates with patients' outcomes. However, suitable carriers need to be selected to deliver this therapeutic miRNA to the lungs. In this study, we found that the chemotherapy drug cisplatin facilitated miR-29a-3p accumulation in the exosomes of lung tumor cells, and this type of exosomes exhibited a specific lung-targeting effect and promising collagen down-regulation. To scale up the preparation and simplify the delivery system, we designed a lung-targeting liposomal nanovesicle (by adjusting the molar ratio of DOTAP/cholesterol-miRNAs to 4:1) to carry miR-29a-3p and mimic the exosomes. This liposomal nanovesicle delivery system significantly down-regulated collagen I secretion by lung fibroblasts in vivo, thus alleviating the establishment of a pro-metastatic environment for circulating lung tumor cells.

Objective:To investigate the value of relative lumbar lordosis (RLL) and lumbar distribution index (LDI) in predicting the occurrence of adjacent segment disease (ASDis) after lumbar fusion surgery.Methods:This study retrospectively reviewed 163 consecutive patients (58 males and 105 females) who had undergone lumbar fusion and had been followed over 2 years,with an average age of 58.7 years; among them, 74, 71, and 18 patients had undergone fusion of one-level, two-level, and three-level, respectively. They were divided into the non-ASDis group and ASDis group based on the presence of ASDis or not. Pre- and post-operative spinopelvic parameters were measured on the upright lateral radiographs. RLL was calculated as measured lumbar lordosis (LL) minus ideal LL, and LDI was calculated as the ratio of postoperative low lumbar lordosis (LLL) to LL. Each parameter was stratified into 1 "aligned" subgroup and 3 "disproportioned" subgroups in accordance with values. Cochran-Armitage test of trend andlogistic analysis were performed to investigate the association between these two parameters and the occurrence of ASDis.Results:The average follow-up duration after initial surgery was 46±14 months (range, 25 to 134 months). Twenty-four (14.7%) patients were diagnosed as ASDis. The age ( t=3.13, P=0.002) and the proportion of 2-level and 3-level fusion (χ 2=10.27, P=0.006) in the ASDis group were significantly higher than those in the non-ASDis group ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between groups with respect to other general data. The ratios of moderate and severe hypolordosis of RLL were significantly higher in the ASDis group than that in the non-ASDis group (χ 2=16.92, P<0.001). There was also a significant linear trend with higher degree of hypolordosis being associated with higher rates of ASDis. However, distribution of four statuses of LDI did not differ statistically between groups. After controlling the confounders, the logistic regression analysis revealed that age, odd ratio ( OR)=1.07, 95% CI: (1.01, 1.13), P=0.018), moderate[ OR=4.34, 95% CI: (1.03, 18.41), P=0.046] and severe hypolordosis [ OR=11.64, 95% CI: (1.30, 104.49), P=0.028] were significantly associated with the occurrence of ASDis. Conclusion:A significant association between postoperative RLL and occurrence of ASDis after lumbar fusion surgery were detected. Setting surgical goals according to RLL may help reduce the ASDis rate. However, LDI is not identified to be predictive factors of the occurrence of ASDis.

Objective: To explore the value of phase angle (PA) in constructing a predictive model of nutrition evaluation for tumor patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 1 129 patients with malignant tumors hospitalized in the Cancer Center of Changzhi People's Hospital from June 2020 to February 2021. PA values of six parts of the body were measured by the body composition analyzer, including: left arm (LA), right arm (RA), left leg (LL), right leg (RL), the trunk (TR), and the whole body (WB). Patients' body mass index (BMI) was calculated and patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) was assessed. The differences of PA values of six parts were compared and their correlations with BMI and PG-SGA in combination with age, gender and tumor disease types were analyzed, binary classification regression on BMI and PG-SGA was performed, and the functions of the best prediction model was fitted. Decision tree, random forest, Akaike information criterion in a Stepwise Algorithm (stepAIC) and generalized likelihood ratio test were used to select appropriate variables, and the logit logistic regression model was used to fit the data. Results: Comparing the PA values of six parts in pairs, it was found that the PA values of LA and RA, LL and RL, and TR and WB were linearly correlated and the coefficient was close to 1 (P<0.001). Binary classification regression was performed for BMI and PG-SGA, respectively. In order to make the data have clinical significance, 18.5 kg/m(2) was used as the classification point for BMI, 4 and 9 were used as the classification points for PG-SGA score, and the models of A, B and C were obtained. Suitable variables including PA-LA, PA-TR and tumor disease types were used as variables to fit BMI classification; BMI, PA-LA and age were used as variables to fit the PG-SGA model with 9 as the classification point. PA-LA, PA-TR, BMI, age and tumor disease types were used as variables to fit the PG-SGA model with 4 as the classification point. In this study, the predicted values of models A, B and C obtained by R-studio were imported into SPSS 26.0 software, and the cut-off values of classification were obtained by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The ROC analytic results showed that the best cut-off values of Model A, B and C were 0.155, 0.793 and 0.295. Model A recommended when the probability is >0.155, a patient's nutritiond tatus should be classified as BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2) group. Model B recommended that PG-SGA<9 group be classified as the probability is >0.793. Model C recommended that PG-SGA < 4 group should be classified when probability is >0.295. Conclusions: The PG-SGA classification prediction model is simple to operate, and the nutritional status of patients can be roughly divided into three groups: normal or suspected malnutrition group (PG-SGA<4), moderate malnutrition group (4≤PG-SGA<9), and severe malnutrition group (PG-SGA≥9). This model can more efficiently predict the nutritional status of cancer patients, greatly simplify the nutritional assessment process, and better guide the standardized treatment of clinical malnutrition.
Humans ; Nutrition Assessment ; Retrospective Studies ; Nutritional Status ; Malnutrition ; Neoplasms/complications*

Objective:To compare the value of 68Ga-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid- D-Phe1-Tyr3-Thr8-octreotide (DOTATATE) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging in the detection of bone metastasis in neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN). Methods:From January 2014 to July 2019, 29 NEN patients (19 males, 10 females, age: 35-76 years) with bone metastasis who underwent 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging within one month in Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were divided into Ki-67≤20% and Ki-67>20% groups according to the tumor proliferation activity, and osteolysis, osteogenesis and no change groups according to the CT findings of bone metastases. The differences of the number and radioactive uptake (maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) ratio of bone lesion to normal bone (SUV T/B)) of detected bone metastases between 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging were analyzed. χ2 and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. Results:The sensitivity of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging were 75.9%(22/29) and 82.8% (24/29) respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two modalities ( χ2=0.42, P>0.05). The numbers of cases with bone lesions detected by 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging in pelvis, spine, ribs, proximal limbs, sternoclavicular scapula and skull were all higher than those of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging (23, 22, 20, 14, 14, 10 vs 12, 19, 13, 11, 10, 6, respectively). The 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging was significantly superior to 18F-FDG imaging in detecting bone metastases (9(3, 36) and 3(0, 18)) and SUV T/B(11.10(3.35, 22.30) and 1.60(1.05, 2.70); U values: 281.000, 77.000, both P<0.001). 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging found more bone lesions in well differentiated NEN (Ki-67≤20%) group (11(2, 38) and 2(0, 13)) and osteogenic bone metastasis group (31(3, 100) and 3(0, 31); U values: 105.500, 69.500, both P<0.05). SUV T/B of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging was significantly higher than 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in all subgroups ( U values: 3.000-22.000, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging is superior to 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the detection of bone metastasis in NEN.

With the popularization of minimally invasive concept in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease,minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion has gradually developed into the mainstream technique of lumbar fixation and fusion.At present,there are many types of minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion. In this paper, four kinds of minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion (anterior lumbar interbody fusion,minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,extreme lateral interbody fusion,oblique lumbar interbody fusion),which are widely used in clinical practice,are systematically described from the aspects of indication selection,technical characteristics, clinical efficacy and prevention of complications.In order to obtain the best treatment effect with the least trauma,it is necessary for the surgeons to formulate detailed surgical strategies on the basis of strictly grasping the indications,and choose the operation according to their own clinical experience and skills,so as to maximize the advantages of different minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion.

With the popularization of minimally invasive concept in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease,minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion has gradually developed into the mainstream technique of lumbar fixation and fusion.At present,there are many types of minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion. In this paper, four kinds of minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion (anterior lumbar interbody fusion,minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,extreme lateral interbody fusion,oblique lumbar interbody fusion),which are widely used in clinical practice,are systematically described from the aspects of indication selection,technical characteristics, clinical efficacy and prevention of complications.In order to obtain the best treatment effect with the least trauma,it is necessary for the surgeons to formulate detailed surgical strategies on the basis of strictly grasping the indications,and choose the operation according to their own clinical experience and skills,so as to maximize the advantages of different minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion.

The paper aims to study and compare the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis leaves (SLE) and Scutellaria baicalensis tea (STE) water extracts on the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster, and explore their anti-aging mechanism through metabolomics. Lifespan, food intake and fertility were measured after administering different doses of SLE and STE to a Drosophila natural aging model, and the metabolic profile of Drosophila was analyzed by metabolomics and multivariate statistical methods. The results showed that SLE and STE (1, 3 g·L^-1) could significantly prolong the average lifespan, median life and maximum lifespan of male Drosophila, improve the fertility of Drosophila, and had no effect on the food intake. Through metabolomics technology, 14 differential metabolites related to aging were found, involving a total of five metabolic pathways. All differential metabolites were reversed after STE intervention, while 13 differential metabolites were reversed after SLE intervention. The results suggest that SLE and STE can delay aging of Drosophila, and the anti-aging mechanism is related to energy metabolism.