Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract worldwide,and its early diagnosis and treatment have always been the focus of clinical research.In recent years,the rapid progress and wide application of proteomics technology have opened up a new perspective for the early screening,diagnosis,prognosis assessment,and mechanism exploration of gastric cancer.With the rapid development of bioinformatics,a series of innovative methods and cutting-edge results based on proteomics related to gastric cancer have emerged.This article reviewed the application progress of proteomics in gastric cancer from three dimensions:experimental techniques,analysis strategies,and major achievements,and discussed the challenges and opportunities in this field.In the future,with the integration of technologies and the deepening of interdisciplinary research,proteomics of gastric cancer is expected to make more breakthroughs,achieve clinical transformation,and provide more precise diagnosis and treatment plans for patients.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract worldwide,and its early diagnosis and treatment have always been the focus of clinical research.In recent years,the rapid progress and wide application of proteomics technology have opened up a new perspective for the early screening,diagnosis,prognosis assessment,and mechanism exploration of gastric cancer.With the rapid development of bioinformatics,a series of innovative methods and cutting-edge results based on proteomics related to gastric cancer have emerged.This article reviewed the application progress of proteomics in gastric cancer from three dimensions:experimental techniques,analysis strategies,and major achievements,and discussed the challenges and opportunities in this field.In the future,with the integration of technologies and the deepening of interdisciplinary research,proteomics of gastric cancer is expected to make more breakthroughs,achieve clinical transformation,and provide more precise diagnosis and treatment plans for patients.

Objective:To investigate the changes in the level of microRNA-193b-3p（miR-193b-3p）in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage（aSAH）after hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）treatment and to explore its significance.Methods:A total of 176 patients with aSAH admitted to the Emergency Department of the First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu from January 2019 to September 2020 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into sound prognosis group（ n=128）and poor prognosis group（ n=48）according to scores of the modified Rankin Scale（mRS）90 days after treatment. The relative expression levels of miR-193b-3p were detected by real-time quantitative PCR（RT-qPCR）. The prognostic risk factors of aSAH patients were analyzed by logistic regression. The value of miR-193b-3p in judging the prognosis of aSAH patients was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve. The dose-response relationship between miR-193b-3p and prognosis in aSAH patients was analyzed by the logistic regression using restricted cubic splines. Results:The relative expression levels of miR-193b-3p in the sound prognosis group before and after treatment were higher than those in the poor prognosis group at the same time points（ P<0.05），and the relative expression levels of miR-193b-3p in both groups were decreased after treatment（ P<0.05）. The area under the ROC curve（AUC），sensitivity，and specificity of post-treatment miR-193b-3p in judging the prognosis of aSAH patients were 0.818，68.75%，and 85.94%，respectively. Hunt-Hess Ⅲ-Ⅳ，cerebral vasospasm（CVS），Glasgow Coma scale（GCS）rating，and high C-reactive protein（CRP）level were independent risk factors for aSAH prognosis（ P<0.05）；the relatively high expression level of post-treatment miR-193b-3p was an independent protective factor for aSAH prognosis（ P<0.05）. Post-treatment miR-193b-3p had a non-linear relationship with the prognosis of aSAH（ P<0.05）. Conclusion:After HBO treatment，the relative expression level of miR-193b-3p in aSAH patients was decreased，which is related to the poor prognosis of aSAH.

Objective:To investigate the changes in the level of microRNA-193b-3p（miR-193b-3p）in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage（aSAH）after hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）treatment and to explore its significance.Methods:A total of 176 patients with aSAH admitted to the Emergency Department of the First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu from January 2019 to September 2020 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into sound prognosis group（ n=128）and poor prognosis group（ n=48）according to scores of the modified Rankin Scale（mRS）90 days after treatment. The relative expression levels of miR-193b-3p were detected by real-time quantitative PCR（RT-qPCR）. The prognostic risk factors of aSAH patients were analyzed by logistic regression. The value of miR-193b-3p in judging the prognosis of aSAH patients was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve. The dose-response relationship between miR-193b-3p and prognosis in aSAH patients was analyzed by the logistic regression using restricted cubic splines. Results:The relative expression levels of miR-193b-3p in the sound prognosis group before and after treatment were higher than those in the poor prognosis group at the same time points（ P<0.05），and the relative expression levels of miR-193b-3p in both groups were decreased after treatment（ P<0.05）. The area under the ROC curve（AUC），sensitivity，and specificity of post-treatment miR-193b-3p in judging the prognosis of aSAH patients were 0.818，68.75%，and 85.94%，respectively. Hunt-Hess Ⅲ-Ⅳ，cerebral vasospasm（CVS），Glasgow Coma scale（GCS）rating，and high C-reactive protein（CRP）level were independent risk factors for aSAH prognosis（ P<0.05）；the relatively high expression level of post-treatment miR-193b-3p was an independent protective factor for aSAH prognosis（ P<0.05）. Post-treatment miR-193b-3p had a non-linear relationship with the prognosis of aSAH（ P<0.05）. Conclusion:After HBO treatment，the relative expression level of miR-193b-3p in aSAH patients was decreased，which is related to the poor prognosis of aSAH.

Objective To observe the characteristics of brain activation of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy controls at functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with olfactory stimulation,determine the locations of activation in areas of olfactory center and explore the MS olfactory related network.Methods Eighteen MS patients from the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from February 2017 to March 2018 were enrolled as MS group,and 20 matched healthy adults during the same period served as controls.The Visual Analogue Scale was used to evaluate olfactory function in all subjects,the rest structure MRI was performed first,and volatile gases of lavender and rose solution were used to alternately stimulate olfactory during fMRI scanning.The brain activation was obtained by using matlab2013a and SPM8 softwares.The distribution and quantity of demyelination lesions were counted on T2 weighted image,and Spearman correlation analysis was done with SPSS 17.0 software package.Results The activated brain areas in the healthy control group included bilateral middle frontal gyrus,bilateral insula,bilateral supramarginal gyrus,bilateral orbitofrontal gyrus,right thalamus,right central anterior gyrus,bilateral cingulated gyrus,bilateral hippocampus,bilateral amygdala and bilateral superior frontal gyrus (t =2.11,P＜0.05).The activated brain areas in the MS group included right cerebellum,left insula,left superior temporal gyrus,right inferior frontal gyrus (t=2.19,P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the MS group showed statistically significant decrease in activated values in right insula,right amygdala,right inferior frontal gyrus,right frontal middle gyrus,and the left supramarginal gyrus (t=2.04,P＜0.05).The distribution and number of demyelination lesions and major activation of brain regions with olfactory in the MS group demonstrated no significant correlation (r=-0.524,P=0.054).Conclusions Multiple brain areas involved in the olfactory processing and olfactory-related brain network existed.The activation of olfactory center had dominance in the right brain.The activation of the brain area in the MS group was significantly reduced,and the activation voxel and activation intensity were weakened.The olfactory-related brain network changed in MS patients.The distribution and number of demyelination lesions had no significant effect on the major activation of brain regions with olfactory stimulation.

Objective To observe the dopamine(DA)concentrations in the lateral geniculate nucleus in guinea pigs with flickering light-induced and form deprivation myopia,and to compare and analyze the pathogenetic mechanisms in the centers of vision of these two different myopia models. Methods Twenty-four two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly assigned to three groups(n=8):flickering light-induced myopia(FLM)group, form deprivation myopia(FDM)group and control group. All the groups were fed for 8 weeks. The refraction and axial length(AL)were measured before and af-ter modeling. After eight-week modeling,the contents of dopamine in the left lateral geniculate nucleus were detected by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection(HPLC-ECD). Results Before modeling,no sig-nificant difference was found in refraction and AL among the three groups. After eight-week modeling,in contrast with the control group,significant differences were found in changes of both refraction(P<0.001)and AL(P<0.05)in the right eyes of FLM and FDM groups,indicating that the two myopic models were successfully established. The result of HPLC-ECD showed that the contents of DA in the left lateral geniculate nucleus in FLM group were significantly higher than the control group(P=0.01),while in the FDM group it was lower than the control group(P=0.021). The average contents of DA were as follows:(37.04 ± 1.18)pg/μL in the control group;(24.27 ± 3.46)pg/μL in the FDM group; and (45.58 ± 1.98)pg/μL in the FLM group. Conclusions The content of DA in the lateral geniculate nucleus is increased in FLM,while decreased in FDM,indicating that the expression of DA in LGN and the mechanisms of formation of these two experimental myopia are different.

Objective To observe the changes of S-opsin expression in guinea pigs with flickering light-induced and form-deprived myopia,and to investigate the causes.Methods Thirty-six two-week-old healthy guinea pigs were randomly assigned to three groups:Flickering light-induced myopia group(FLM group,n=13),form-deprived myopia group(FDM group,n=12) and control group(n=11).For the FLM group,the cages were equipped with astroboscope(0.5 Hz),and LEDs were used as the light source.The right eyes of the guinea pigs in FDM group wore translucent goggles which did not interfere with the normal activity of their eyelids.No special treatment was given to the guinea pigs in the normal groups.All measurements were performed prior to and then after 6 weeks of treatment.The first measurement day was recorded as 0 week.Biological parameters,such as the refraction,axial length(AL) and corneal radius of curvature(CRC),were measured and fundus photography is performed before and after 6 weeks of the treatment.The expression of S-opsin was observed and analyzed by immunofluorescence technique and image analysis system.Results Before the treatment,no significant difference was found in three biometric measurements including refraction,AL and CRC between the groups at 0 week(P>0.05).After the treatment for 6 weeks,significant differences were found in changes of both the biometric measurements between the FLM and control groups,and between the FDM and control groups(P<0.05).However,no significant differences were found in the changes of CRC among the FLM,FDM and control groups(P=0.358),indicating that myopia models were established successfully.No significant differences were found in the changes of values of refraction,AL and CRC between the FLM and FDM groups(P>0.05).Expression of S-opsin differed in the FLM and FDM groups.For the mean gray values of green channel,compared with the control group respectively,significant differences were found in both the FLM and FDM group(P<0.001).The mean gray value of green channel of the FLM group was higher,however the mean gray value of green channel of the FDM group was lower.Conclusions Both guinea pig models of flickering light-induced and form-deprived myopia can be established successfully.S-opsin is increased in the flickering light-induced myopia model and decreased in the form-deprived myopia model,indicating that the mechanisms of formation of these two experimental myopia models may be different.

Objective To explore the features of activation mapping induced by olfactory stimulation with functional magnetic imaging (fMRI), which will help to reveal the neural mechanism of olfactory dysfunction and contribute to the earlier diagnosis and treatment of neural degenerative disorders.Methods In this prospective study, 21 healthy volunteers were recruited in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from March to October 2015.Olfactory function was evaluated by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).During the fMRI scanning, all subjects received olfactory stimulation of rose and lavender odor.The brain activation was obtained by using softwares matlab2008a and SPM8.Results All subjects had normal olfactory function evaluated by VAS score (4.86±0.07).The activated brain areas included: bilateral inferior parietal lobule, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus-orbitofrontal gyrus, left insula, bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, left putamen, bilateral hippocampus, bilateral cingulate cortex, bilateral piriform cortex, bilateral amygdale, left lingual gyrus, bilateral cerebellum (t=2.62, P<0.01).Conclusions Olfactory is associated with multiple brain regions.The combination of olfactory event-related design and fMRI, as an objective measurement of olfactory, can be applied to investigate the olfactory cortical brain mapping.

OBJECTIVE:To compare genetic diversity of Spatolobi caulis from different areas of Guangxi by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)and inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR). METHODS:Through using POPGENE 32 software,Ntsys software and SPSS 17.0 software,RAPD and ISSR methods were used to study genetic diversity of 9 samples of S. caulis from dif-ferent areas of Guangxi. RESULTS:After amplification of screened 3 RAPD primers and 4 ISSR primers,and there were 198 and 315 locus,and 37 and 80 polymorphism locus. Rates of polymorphism locus were 18.7% and 25.4%;the number of effective al-leles were 1.416 8 and 1.584 0;genetic diversity index were 0.269 4 and 0.351 3;Shannon diversity index were 0.431 6 and 0.529 9. All the values of ISSR marker were higher than RAPD marker. The average genetic similarity coefficient of ISSR and RAPD were 0.757 64 and 0.683 80,indicating ISSR was more sensitive for the detection of genetic diversity. The clustering result of them was close to each other. The correlation coefficient of them were 0.847,indicating very significant positive correlation at the level of 0.001. CONCLUSIONS:ISSR could reflect more information of genetic diversity than RAPD,and is more suitable for research of genetic diversity of S. caulis from different areas of Guangxi.

Objective To understand the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection status and features of sexual behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM) and receive voluntary counseling and serological testing appointed through a web-based registering system to analyze the related factors.Methods The MSM who have homosexual behavior in nearly a year were recruited for HIV,syphilis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody assay in peripheral blood and a face-to-face questionnaire survey was conduct among them to obtain the information about their demographic characteristics and sexual behavior.Binary logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors associated with HIV infection.Results A total of 400 MSM were enrolled in our study,the median age is 27 years old,the unmarried MSM accounted for 65.25％,56.00％ of them had high education level and the awareness rate of knowledge regarding HIV was 92.75％.The percentages of using condom at latest homosexual or heterosexual behavior were 78.96％ and 79.82％.The HIV incidence was 7.25％ (29/400).Age,condom use at each homosexual or heterosexual behavior,the awareness rate of knowledge regarding HIV,sexually transmitted disease (STD) infection,Treponema pallidum infection were associated with HIV infection.Conclusions MSM receiving web appointed HIV counseling and testing had high prevalence of risk behaviors and high HIV infection rate,but the rate of condom use was relatively low.It is necessary to strengthen the promotion of HIV test through web based appointment.The integrated mechanism for the prevention and control of STD and AIDS should be improved and effective target behavior intervention in MSM should be strengthened in our intervention programs.