Background As the population ages, there has been a growing focus on the decline in fertility. Research has identified age and fertility history as the primary influencing factors. Nevertheless, there is a deficiency in fundamental data regarding the fertility status among different industries. Objective To investigate the fertility status and influencing factors among female workers aged 22-35 years in different industries. Methods From July 2020 to February 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a staged sampling approach. This survey specifically targeted 22-35-year-old married female workers with a history of pregnancy in industries such as education, healthcare, finance, and telecommunications, totaling 22903 participants. The survey encompassed industry, demographic characteristics, pregnancy history, time to pregnancy (TTP), and other influencing factors. The influencing factors of decline in fertility were identified by chi-square test and Cox proportional hazards regression. Subsequent industry-specific Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compared fertility decline patterns across a spectrum of industries after selected influencing factors were adjusted. Results Among the 22903 respondents, 19194 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid recovery rate of 83.8%. The cumulative pregnancy rates (CRP) of 1-6 months and 1-12 months for the 22-35-year-old female workers were 67.23% and 91.33% respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that region, age, education level, personal annual income, housework time, coping style, gravidity, parity, and spontaneous abortion were influencing factors of fertility decline (P<0.05). Female workers with ≥3 gravidities and ≥2 spontaneous abortions had a higher risk of fertility decline, with hazard ratios (HR) and associated 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of 0.633 (0.582, 0.688) and 0.785 (0.670, 0.921) respectively (P<0.01). Compared to the education industry, the healthcare and finance industries showed a higher risk of fertility decline, with HR (95%CI) values of 0.876 (0.834, 0.920) and 0.909 (0.866, 0.954), respectively (P<0.05). These two HR (95%CI) values remained statistically significant [0.899 (0.852, 0.948) and 0.882 (0.833, 0.934) respectively, P<0.05)] after further adjustment with nine influencing factors such as region and age. Conclusion Regions, age, education level, personal annual income, housework time, coping style, pregnancy and childbirth times, and natural abortion times are influencing factors of fertility decline in female workers. Compared to the education industry, the healthcare and finance industries have a higher risk of declining fertility.

Background A large body of cross-sectional studies have indicated a correlation between exposure to benzene series and increased rates of menstrual abnormalities in female workers, but these findings are confusing as evidence in the field of preventive medicine. Objective To provide a more rigorous scientific basis for early prevention of reproductive function impairment through systematic review of independent studies. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted for scientific articles published between January 1987 and July 2022, encompassing databases such as PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and CQVIP. A meta-analysis was conducted on literature that met the stringent criteria for case-control studies, featuring well-defined and consistent datasets. A meticulous investigation was executed to ascertain the collective odds ratio (OR) linked to menstrual abnormalities, encompassing diverse categories such as component, dosage, cumulative exposure dosage, and age groups. The prevalence and corresponding risk fractions were estimated by calculating frequency distributions and attributing risk percentages (AR). Results A total of 53 papers of case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 27068 benzene series-exposed female workers and 22857 control female workers. During inhalation exposure to benzene series, benzene, toluene, and xylene all increased the risk of female menstrual abnormalities (OR=3.46, 95%CI: 2.79, 4.30, AR=29.37%). The OR value elevated with the increase of joint exposure concentration (OR=2.57-4.33), the OR value of the low cumulative exposure group was lower than that of the high cumulative exposure group (OR=2.81 vs 3.86, P < 0.01), and the OR value of the group aged 18 to 36 years old was higher than that of the group aged 18 to 45 years old (OR=5.83 vs 2.93, P < 0.01). The OR value discrepancy was apparent among the groups with single and multi-components of benzene, toluene, and xylene at different concentrations (OR=2.39-6.42, 95%CI: 1.26, 9.06). The symptom dimensions of menstrual abnormalities with a higher AR were abnormal menstrual volume (AR=47.12%), followed by abnormal menstrual cycle (AR=38.68%). The symptoms that were greatly influenced by the exposures were: irregular menstrual cycle (OR=3.33, 95%CI: 2.94, 3.79, AR=51.25%, n=1103), menorrhagia (OR=3.02, 95%CI: 2.76, 3.30, AR=46.73%, n=2262), dysmenorrhea (OR=3.22, 95%CI: 2.69, 3.84, AR=44.18%, n=3183), and prolonged menstrual duration (OR=2.20, 95%CI: 1.99, 2.43, AR=37.02%, n=1452). Conclusion Through inhalation exposure to benzene series, a higher concentration of combined benzene, toluene, and xylenes may increase the risk of menstrual abnormalities in female workers of childbearing age. The OR value of menstrual abnormalities is varied by chemical composition, exposure dose, cumulative exposure dose, and age. Volume and cycle of menstruation are affected by the exposure, and the most common symptoms are dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, irregular cycle.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in kidney transplant recipients(KTRs)and examine the risk factors for severe/critical infection.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted for 208 adult KTRs diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 15, 2022, and March 15, 2023.They were assigned into two groups of mild/ordinary(n=168)and severe/critical(n=40)according to the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Two groups were compared with regards to general profiles, status of baseline vaccination against COVID-19, transplant history, immunosuppressive regimens, comorbidities and treatment outcomes.For continuous variables, t or Mann-Whitney U test was utilized for comparing the inter-group differences.For categorical variables, chi-square or Fisher's exact test was employed.Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons when p value was ≤0.05.Logistic regression analysis of univariates and multivariates was conducted for identifying the risk factors for severe/critical infections.Results:The rates of hospitalization, severe illness, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation and mortality among 208 KTRs with COVID-19 were 27.4%(57/208), 19.2%(40/208), 3.4%(7/208), 5.3%(11/208)and 1.9%(4/208)respectively.Among 57 COVID-19 infected individuals, 43.9%(25/57)experienced bone marrow suppression with an incidence of anemia 36.8%(21/57)and thrombocytopenia 22.8%(13/57). The lowest counts of whole blood lymphocyte, CD4 + T lymphocyte and CD8 + T lymphocyte were 390.0(245.0, 615.0), 138.0(78.0, 293.5)and 180.0(94.7, 575.2)cells/μL respectively.The incidence of bacterial, cytomegaloviral, Pneumocystis jirovecii and other fungal infections after COVID-19 infection was 17.8%(37/208), 3.8%(8/208), 2.9%(6/208)and 2.9%(6/208)respectively.The severe/critical group had a higher incidence of other pathogen infections as compared to mild/ordinary group, including bacterial infections[62.5%(25/40)vs 7.1%(12/168), 95% CI: 47.5%~63.3%, P<0.001], cytomegaloviral infections[15.0%(6/40)vs 1.2%(2/168), 95% CI: 8.1%~19.5%, P=0.001], P.jirovecii infections[15%(6/40)vs 0(0/168), 95% CI: 9.4%~20.6%, P<0.001]and other fungal infections of Candida, Cryptococcus, Malassezia and Aspergillus fumigatus[15.0%(6/40)vs 0(0/168), 95% CI: 9.4%~20.6%, P<0.001]. The incidence of acute kidney injury(AKI)after COVID-19 infection was 13.5%(28/208)and severe/critical group had a higher incidence of AKI than mild/ordinary group[52.5%(21/40)vs 4.2%(7/168), 95% CI: 40.3% to 56.3%, P<0.001]. Univariate analysis showed that age( P=0.003), male gender( P=0.002), smoking history( P=0.012), coronary heart disease( P=0.011), diabetes mellitus( P=0.002), chronic renal insufficiency( P=0.001)and pulmonary disease history( P=0.001)were significantly different between severe/critical and mild/ordinary groups.Multivariate regression analysis revealed that comorbid chronic kidney disease( OR=3.34, 95% CI: 1.46-7.64, P=0.004)and a history of lung disease( OR=3.42, 95% CI: 1.49-7.87, P=0.004)were independent risk factors for severe/critical illness.Baseline vaccination rate against COVID-19 was 17.8%(37/208). Completion of baseline vaccination was associated with a lower risk of severe/critical COVID-19 infection( OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.08-0.98, P=0.047). Conclusions:KTRs with severe/critical COVID-19 infections are more prone to multiple pathogen co-infections and the incidence of kidney function impairment after infection has remained relatively high.Histories of pulmonary and chronic kidney diseases are independent risk factors for severe/critical infections.Completion of baseline vaccination provides protection against severe/critical infections.

Objective:To study the respiratory morbidity and the risk factors of respiratory complications in late-preterm infants.Methods:The data of 959 late-preterm infants in 21 hospitals in Beijing from October 2015 to April 2016 were collected.These infants were divided into the respiratory morbidity group (237 cases) and the control group (722 cases) according to whether they had short-term respiratory morbidity after birth.Clinical data of the two groups were compared.Results:Among the 959 late-preterm babies, 530 were male and 429 were female.Two hundred and thirty-seven cases (24.7%) developed short-term respiratory morbidity after birth.Infectious pneumonia developed in the most cases (81 cases, 8.4%), followed by transient tachypnea (65 cases, 6.8%), amniotic fluid aspiration (51 cases, 5.3%), and respiratory distress syndrome (24 cases, 2.5%) successively.All the infants recovered and discharged.There were no differences between gender and maternal age between 2 groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the control group, more late-preterm infants were delivered by cesarean section (73.4% vs.59.7%, χ2=14.43, P<0.001) and the 1-minute Apgar score was lower [(9.41±1.66) scores vs.(9.83±0.53) scores, t=5.40, P<0.001] in the respiratory morbidity group.The differences were statistically significant.There were more cases with maternal complications in the respiratory morbidity group that in the control group (66.7% vs.58.6%, χ2=4.877, P=0.027), but no difference in various complications between 2 groups was observed ( P>0.05). In the respiratory morbidity group, the most frequent complications were maternal hypertension and preeclampsia (27.8% vs.22.6%, χ2=2.728, P=0.099). There were no differences between 2 groups in gestational age, birth weight and birth length (all P>0.05). There were more infants small for gestational age and large for gestational age in the respiratory morbidity group than in the control group (18.8% vs.14.1%, 6.3% vs.2.4%, χ2=8.960, P=0.011). The duration of hospitalization of the respiratory morbidity group was significantly longer than that of the control group [(9.00±4.42) d vs.(6.82±4.19) d, t=6.676, P<0.001] since the infants with respiratory morbidity needed to be hospita-lized. Conclusions:Respiratory diseases occur in about 1/4 of late-preterm infants.Infants who are delivered by cesarean section and whose mothers are complicated with the maternal hypertension and preeclampsia should be monitored closely.Respiratory support should be provided for infants not appropriate for gestational age who are more likely to suffer from respiratory diseases, so that they can successfully pass through the transition period.

Objectives:To investigate the effect of polyester filament fiber surgical drape in neurosurgery.Methods:A total of 181 neurosurgical surgeries were selected from April to July 2019 in a first-class general hospital. They were randomly divided into 2 groups, cotton group (92 cases) were covered with cotton drape, polyester filament fiber group (89 cases) were covered with polyester filament fiber. The anti-permeation performance, incidence of intraoperative hypothermia, and incidence of postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) between the two groups were compared.Results:At the end of the operation, the wetting rate of the cotton draped was 58.7% (54/92) and that in polyester filament fiber was 15.7% (14/89), with statistically significant differences ( χ2 value was 35.605, P<0.05);The incidence of intraoperative hypothermia was 22.8% (21/92) in the cotton group and 11.2% (10/89) in the polyester filament fiber group, with statistically significant differences ( χ2 value was 4.281, P<0.05). The incidence of SSI in the cotton group was 16.3% (15/92) , while that in the polyester filament fiber group was 6.7% (6/89) , with statistically significant differences ( χ2 value was 4.034, P<0.05). Conclusions:In neurosurgical operations with a long operation time and a large amount of irrigation fluid during the operation, using the polyester filament fiber drape can prevent the irrigation fluid from wetting the surgical drape, protect the surgical incision better, reduce the incidence of SSI and intraoperative hypothermia to some extent.

Objective:To understand the mental health status of female workers in different industries in China, and to explore the influence of age, family per capita income, working hours and other factors on the mental health of female employees.Methods:From May to July 2016, a cluster sampling survey was conducted among female workers from 15 Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) in different industries. A total of 60230 questionnaires were distributed and 57777 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 95.9%. The survey included the basic information and Symptom Self-assessment Scale, etc. The measured data were in accordance with the normal distribution by normality test and were expressed as ± s. The rates of counting data were compared using the χ 2 test. And unconditioned logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results:There were significant differences in the detection rates of mental health problems among female employees of different ages, marital status, education level, family per capita income, industry classification, working hours, and frequent night shifts ( P<0.01) . The top 3 factors of positive mental health problems were obsessive-compulsive symptoms (23.7%) , depression (16.0%) and interpersonal sensitivity (15.4%) . The factors such as age, education level, family per capita income, industry classification, working hours and frequent night shifts had statistical significances on the risk of female employees' mental health problems ( P<0.05) . Female employees aged 30-39, aged 40-49, with high school education to junior college, bachelor degree or above, engaged in tertiary industry, working time of 8-9 h/d, working time of 9-11 h/d, working time of more than 11 h/d and regular night shifts had higher risk of mental health problems ( OR=1.199, 1.187, 1.296, 1.539, 1.236, 1.674, 1.601, 1.358, 1.393, P<0.05) . Conclusion:The mental health problems of female workers are still serious, we should pay attention to the illegal long-term work and night-shift work, and take effective health promotion measures to effectively improve the mental health level of female workers.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of plasma laser lipolysis technology in shaping facial contour.Methods:From June 2015 to September. 2018, lipolysis were performed on 86 patients with cheek and/or jaw fat accumulation by plasma laser with 980 nm wavelength and 400 μm diameter optical fiber. The appearance was compared before and after operation, the improvement of facial contours and the effect of rejuvenation were observed in 6 months after operation.Results:Among 86 patients, 80 cases had significant reduction of fat accumulation and improvement of facial contour and skin relaxation, the other 5 patients had in significant improvement, and 1 patient had slight asymmetry of bilateral cheek. There were no complications such as hematoma, infection, nerve injury, skin burn and local pigmentation in all patients.Conclusions:Plasma fiber lipolysis technology is simple, safe and effective, it can be applied to shape the facial contour.

Objective:To understand the mental health status of female workers in different industries in China, and to explore the influence of age, family per capita income, working hours and other factors on the mental health of female employees.Methods:From May to July 2016, a cluster sampling survey was conducted among female workers from 15 Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) in different industries. A total of 60230 questionnaires were distributed and 57777 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 95.9%. The survey included the basic information and Symptom Self-assessment Scale, etc. The measured data were in accordance with the normal distribution by normality test and were expressed as ± s. The rates of counting data were compared using the χ 2 test. And unconditioned logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results:There were significant differences in the detection rates of mental health problems among female employees of different ages, marital status, education level, family per capita income, industry classification, working hours, and frequent night shifts ( P<0.01) . The top 3 factors of positive mental health problems were obsessive-compulsive symptoms (23.7%) , depression (16.0%) and interpersonal sensitivity (15.4%) . The factors such as age, education level, family per capita income, industry classification, working hours and frequent night shifts had statistical significances on the risk of female employees' mental health problems ( P<0.05) . Female employees aged 30-39, aged 40-49, with high school education to junior college, bachelor degree or above, engaged in tertiary industry, working time of 8-9 h/d, working time of 9-11 h/d, working time of more than 11 h/d and regular night shifts had higher risk of mental health problems ( OR=1.199, 1.187, 1.296, 1.539, 1.236, 1.674, 1.601, 1.358, 1.393, P<0.05) . Conclusion:The mental health problems of female workers are still serious, we should pay attention to the illegal long-term work and night-shift work, and take effective health promotion measures to effectively improve the mental health level of female workers.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of plasma laser lipolysis technology in shaping facial contour.Methods:From June 2015 to September. 2018, lipolysis were performed on 86 patients with cheek and/or jaw fat accumulation by plasma laser with 980 nm wavelength and 400 μm diameter optical fiber. The appearance was compared before and after operation, the improvement of facial contours and the effect of rejuvenation were observed in 6 months after operation.Results:Among 86 patients, 80 cases had significant reduction of fat accumulation and improvement of facial contour and skin relaxation, the other 5 patients had in significant improvement, and 1 patient had slight asymmetry of bilateral cheek. There were no complications such as hematoma, infection, nerve injury, skin burn and local pigmentation in all patients.Conclusions:Plasma fiber lipolysis technology is simple, safe and effective, it can be applied to shape the facial contour.

Objective: To investigate the infertility rate and influencing factors of female workers in China's nine industries. Methods: Using multi-stage sampling method, from January to November in 2016. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the infertility of 33 685 female workers in the nine industries including medical and health, petrochemical, metallurgy, railway, machinery manufacturing and electronics,a questionnaire survey. First, three provincial capitals were randomly selected in seven regions. And then we consulted and communicated with the hospital of the provincial city's occupational disease prevention and treatment, marking and coding the target enterprise within its jurisdiction, In these enterprises, we randomly selected five companies. Finally, all women workers who meet the inclusion criteria were surveyed in those enterprises which were drawn. Use the"female workers reproductive health questionnaire" to collect female workers demographic status, occupational status and reproductive status and other data. The single factor analysis of infertility was performed by chi-square test. Multivariate analysis of infertility was carried out by logistic regression model. Results: The age of female workers in the nine industries was (35.98±7.98) years. The infertility rate for one year of female workers in typical industry was 24.81% (8 358/33 685), the infertility rate for two years being13.47% (4 537/33 685), the infertility rate for two years being 10.78% (3 632/33 685). Compared to the east China region, the infertility rate was the highest in the south region (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.66-2.17). Compared to non-working women, the infertility rate was the highest among railroad (OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.43-1.98) and financial industries (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.38-1.95). Occupational exposure to heavy metals (OR=1.15, 95%CI:1.04-1.27) and occupational exposure to hazardous physical factors (OR=1.09, 95%CI:1.01-1.17) were infertility risk factors. Conclusion The infertility rate of female workers in the nineindustries was high. And the region, industry, occupational exposure to heavy metals and occupational exposure to hazardous physical factors, were independent risk factors for infertility.