The liver is the largest visceral organ in the human body, responsible for multiple important functions such as metabolism, detoxification, nutrient storage, and immune regulation. Hepatocytes located along the portal-central vein axis have heterogeneity in gene expression and function, which led to the concept of liver zonation. Cells in different regions play different roles in metabolic processes, and the coordination and cooperation between these cells are crucial for maintaining normal liver function. In recent years, the advancements in single-cell genomics and spatial transcriptomics technologies have significantly improved our understanding of liver zonation. This article summarizes the important role of metabolic zonation in maintaining liver function and its relationship with disease and aging, providing a theoretical basis for further research and therapeutic strategies.

Objectives:To explore the incidence and risk factors of adjacent vertebral fractures(AVF)in pa-tients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCF)after percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)treatment.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 482 OVCF patients who underwent PVP at our hospital from June 2017 to January 2022.There were 146 males and 336 females,with an average age of 68.4±3.1 years(63-86 years).The average follow-up time was 42.9±10.2 months(24-70 months).Based on whether AVF occurred during the follow-up period,the patients were divided into an AVF group and a non-AVF group.The time of AVF occurrence was recorded,and the incidence rate of AVF was calculated using the Ka-plan-Meier method to obtain a survival curve.Intergroup comparisons were made in terms of clinical factors including gender,age,body mass index(BMI),adjacent vertebral CT value,and bone metabolism related index-es[total procollagen type Ⅰ N-terminal propeptide(tP Ⅰ NP),[3-cross-linked C-telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen(β-CTX),and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-OHD)];Imaging factors such as whether the fracture was located in the thoracolumbar segment,whether it was accompanied by an upper endplate fracture,whether it was accom-panied by an intravertebral vacuum cleft(IVC),preoperative vertebral body height,wedge angle,and kyphosis angle;And surgical factors including bone cement injection volume,postoperative restoration of vertebral height,restoration of wedge angle,restoration of kyphosis angle and whether bone cement leakage occurred.Indicators that were significant in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:AVF occurred in 47 cases(9.75％)in 17.9±14.7 months(1-55 months)after PVP.The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the incidence of AVF in the group with upper endplate fractures was significantly higher than that in the group without upper endplate fractures(P＜0.001).There were no statistically significant differences between the AVF group and the non-AVF group in terms of gender,BMI,tP Ⅰ NP,[3-CTX,25-OHD,preoperative vertebral body height,wedge angle,kyphosis angle,bone cement injection volume,postoperative restoration of vertebral height,restoration of wedge angle and restoration of kyphosis angle(P＞0.05).Statistically significant differences were found in age,adjacent vertebral CT value,whether the fracture was located in the thoracolumbar segment,whether it was accompanied by an upper endplate fracture,whether it was accompanied by an IVC,and whether bone cement leakage occurred(P＜0.05).Further multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age(OR=1.187,95％CI=1.084-1.300,P＜0.001),low CT value of adjacent vertebra(OR=0.928,95％CI=0.892-0.964,P＜0.001),presence of upper endplate fracture(OR=3.514,95％CI=1.444-8.551,P=0.006),presence of IVC(OR=2.804,95％CI=1.238-6.349,P=0.013),and bone cement leakage(OR=2.415,95％CI=1.134-5.146,P=0.022)were the risk factors for AVF after PVP.Conclusions:Advanced age,low CT value of adjacent vertebra,upper endplate fracture,IVC,and bone cement leakage are the independent risk factors for postoperative AVF in OVCF patients undergoing PVP.

Objectives:To explore the incidence and risk factors of adjacent vertebral fractures(AVF)in pa-tients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCF)after percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)treatment.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 482 OVCF patients who underwent PVP at our hospital from June 2017 to January 2022.There were 146 males and 336 females,with an average age of 68.4±3.1 years(63-86 years).The average follow-up time was 42.9±10.2 months(24-70 months).Based on whether AVF occurred during the follow-up period,the patients were divided into an AVF group and a non-AVF group.The time of AVF occurrence was recorded,and the incidence rate of AVF was calculated using the Ka-plan-Meier method to obtain a survival curve.Intergroup comparisons were made in terms of clinical factors including gender,age,body mass index(BMI),adjacent vertebral CT value,and bone metabolism related index-es[total procollagen type Ⅰ N-terminal propeptide(tP Ⅰ NP),[3-cross-linked C-telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen(β-CTX),and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-OHD)];Imaging factors such as whether the fracture was located in the thoracolumbar segment,whether it was accompanied by an upper endplate fracture,whether it was accom-panied by an intravertebral vacuum cleft(IVC),preoperative vertebral body height,wedge angle,and kyphosis angle;And surgical factors including bone cement injection volume,postoperative restoration of vertebral height,restoration of wedge angle,restoration of kyphosis angle and whether bone cement leakage occurred.Indicators that were significant in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:AVF occurred in 47 cases(9.75％)in 17.9±14.7 months(1-55 months)after PVP.The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the incidence of AVF in the group with upper endplate fractures was significantly higher than that in the group without upper endplate fractures(P＜0.001).There were no statistically significant differences between the AVF group and the non-AVF group in terms of gender,BMI,tP Ⅰ NP,[3-CTX,25-OHD,preoperative vertebral body height,wedge angle,kyphosis angle,bone cement injection volume,postoperative restoration of vertebral height,restoration of wedge angle and restoration of kyphosis angle(P＞0.05).Statistically significant differences were found in age,adjacent vertebral CT value,whether the fracture was located in the thoracolumbar segment,whether it was accompanied by an upper endplate fracture,whether it was accompanied by an IVC,and whether bone cement leakage occurred(P＜0.05).Further multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age(OR=1.187,95％CI=1.084-1.300,P＜0.001),low CT value of adjacent vertebra(OR=0.928,95％CI=0.892-0.964,P＜0.001),presence of upper endplate fracture(OR=3.514,95％CI=1.444-8.551,P=0.006),presence of IVC(OR=2.804,95％CI=1.238-6.349,P=0.013),and bone cement leakage(OR=2.415,95％CI=1.134-5.146,P=0.022)were the risk factors for AVF after PVP.Conclusions:Advanced age,low CT value of adjacent vertebra,upper endplate fracture,IVC,and bone cement leakage are the independent risk factors for postoperative AVF in OVCF patients undergoing PVP.

The liver is the largest visceral organ in the human body, responsible for multiple important functions such as metabolism, detoxification, nutrient storage, and immune regulation. Hepatocytes located along the portal-central vein axis have heterogeneity in gene expression and function, which led to the concept of liver zonation. Cells in different regions play different roles in metabolic processes, and the coordination and cooperation between these cells are crucial for maintaining normal liver function. In recent years, the advancements in single-cell genomics and spatial transcriptomics technologies have significantly improved our understanding of liver zonation. This article summarizes the important role of metabolic zonation in maintaining liver function and its relationship with disease and aging, providing a theoretical basis for further research and therapeutic strategies.

Objective To investigate the effect of self-prescribed Paizhuo Qinggong Herbal Formula Granule combined with Misoprostol Tablets on uterine recovery in patients with residual intrauterine tissue after childbirth. Methods A total of 120 patients with residual intrauterine tissue after childbirth were randomly selected. According to the simple randomization method, 60 patients were assigned to control group(n=60) and experimental group(n=60). In the control group, patients were treated with a placebo of traditional Chinese medicine formula granules combined with Misoprostol Tablets. In the experimental group, patients were treated with self-prescribed Paizhuo Qinggong Herbal Formula Granule combined with Misoprostol Tablets. The clinical efficacy, syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine, residual area of intrauterine tissue, uterine recovery indicators (sum of three uterine diameters and rate of uterine fundus descent), ultrasound blood flow parameters, matrix alloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), vaginal bleeding, adverse reactions, and uterine curettage rate were analyzed. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment, there were statistically significant differences in the syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine and residual area of intrauterine tissue compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05). The syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine and residual area of intrauterine tissue in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the sum of three uterine diameters between the two groups after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05). The sum of three uterine diameters in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). The rate of uterine fundus descent in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the resistance index (RI), end-diastolic peak blood flow velocity (EDV), peak systolic blood flow velocity (PSV), and pulsatility index (PI) of the uterine spiral artery between the two groups after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05). The EDV and PSV in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment, while the RI and PI were higher (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) between the two groups after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05). The serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). The duration of vaginal bleeding in the experimental group was shorter than that in the control group, and the amount of vaginal bleeding was better in the experimental group (P < 0.05). The uterine curettage rate in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The combination of self-prescribed Paizhuo Qinggong Herbal Formula Granule combined with Misoprostol Tablets is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with residual intrauterine tissue after childbirth. It can improve clinical symptoms, uterine blood circulation, reduce the residual area of intrauterine tissue, promote uterine recovery, improve vaginal bleeding, reduce the rate of uterine curettage, and exert its effect by correcting the imbalance of MMP-9 and TIMP-1.

Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of heart failure,and myocardial remodeling can occur after infarction,thus contributing to the progression of heart failure.The occurrence of post-infarction ventricular remode-ling is closely related to m6A methylation.m6A methylation is a reversible and highly dynamic process.This process is mainly mediated by m6A methylation positive and negative regulatory enzymes and is involved in the occurrence of post-in-farction myocardial remodeling through mechanisms such as cellular autophagy.This article mainly reviews relevant litera-ture in recent years.Firstly,a brief introduction is given to m6A methylation,followed by an introduction to the role of m6A methylase in regulating myocardial remodeling.Finally,a summary analysis is conducted on the mechanism of m6A methylation in regulating myocardial remodeling from the perspectives of autophagy,inflammation,cell apoptosis,calcium ion homeostasis,extracellular matrix remodeling,and ferroptosis.The feasibility of using m6A methylation serological de-tection as a diagnostic tool for myocardial remodeling after myocardial infarction is discussed,in order to provide reference for related research.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic side-to-side suture with remnants preserved in repair of transtendinous rotator cuff tears.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 17 patients who had been treated by arthroscopic side-to-side suture with remnants preserved for transtendinous rotator cuff tear caused by trauma at Sports Medicine Center, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2017 to January 2020. There were 11 males and 6 females with an age of (47.9±8.3) years and a duration from injury to surgery of (50.4±21.3) d. Recorded were range of motion and muscle strength of the shoulder, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder function score, Constant-Murley shoulder function score, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, re-tears and complications before operation and at the last follow-up.Results:The 17 patients were followed up for (16.5±3.5) months after operation. Retear of the rotator cuff occurred in 2 patients after operation while MRI showed good healing of the rotator cuff in the other patients with no such postoperative complications as infection or wound dehiscence. At preoperation and the last follow-up, respectively, the range of shoulder flexion was 152.9°±8.5° and 172.4°±5.6°, the abductor muscle strength 3.5 (2.6, 4.1) kg and 6.9 (6.3, 8.3) kg, the external rotator muscle strength (3.8±1.0) kg and (5.9±1.6) kg, the internal rotator muscle strength 3.9 (3.4,4.7) kg and 5.2 (4.5,5.9) kg, the UCLA score (13.2±1.9) points and (30.9±2.4) points, the Constant score (40.1±2.8) points and (86.1±4.6) points, and the VAS score (6.7±0.8) points and (0.9±0.6) points, all showing a significant difference between preoperation and the last follow-up ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In repair of transtendinous rotator cuff tears, arthroscopic side-to-side suture with remnants preserved can lead to significantly improved clinical outcomes in range of motion, muscle strength, functional recovery and pain relief.

Objective:To investigate the preoperative and intraoperative risk factors of clinical pancreatic fistula after laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD).Methods:Clinical data of 100 patients undergoing LPD at the Second Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Hospital of Jilin University from Jan 2019 to May 2019 were studied.Results:The total incidence of pancreatic fistula was 8%, and the incidence of clinical pancreatic fistula (grade B, C) was 6%. Univariate analysis found that gender (male), preoperative pancreatic plain CT value <33HU, soft texture of the pancreas, long operation time, alcoholic consuming history may be risk factors for pancreatic fistula after LPD( P<0.05), and further multivariate analysis found gender (male), preoperative pancreatic plain CT value <33 HU, soft texture of the pancreas were independent risk factors for clinical pancreatic fistula after LPD( P<0.05). Conclusions:Male patients, preoperative pancreatic plain CT value <33HU, soft texture of the pancreas were respectively independent risk factors predicting post-LPD clinical pancreatic fistula.

Objective To compare and analyze the differences in the transcriptomics between mycelium and early yeast phases of Sporothrix schenckii (S.schenckii),and to realize the changes in transcriptome expression profiles during mycelium-to-yeast transformation.Methods A standard strain of S.schenckii (ATCC 10268) was subjected to 96-hour culture with Sabouraud medium at 25 ℃ or 36-hour culture with brain-heart infusion medium at 37 ℃ to obtain the mycelium and yeast form of S.schenckii,and then,their transcriptomes were sequenced.Functional annotation was performed for screened unigenes by comparison using several databases (such as NR,Swiss-Prot,KEGG,COG,KOG,GO and Pfam),coding sequence prediction,and gene expression analysis in each sample.Finally,the differentially expressed genes were subjected to pattern clustering,functional annotation and enrichment analysis.Results A total of 14.76 Gb valid data (clean data) were obtained,and functional annotation results were acquired in 28 094 of 43 863 assembled unigene clusters.Compared with S.schenckii in mycelium phase,there were 10 969 up-regulated genes and 199 down-regulated genes in S.schenckii in yeast phase.These differentially expressed genes were involved in protein phosphorylation,intracellular protein transport,cellular protein modification,small guanosine triphosphate-mediated signal transduction,vesicle-mediated transport,translation,intracellular signal transduction,microtubule formation,adenosine triphosphate synthesis,coupled proton transport and so on.Sixteen genes in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and two-component signaling pathway,which were two important signal transduction pathways involved in fungal morphogenesis,and 16 genes involved in chitin synthesis and metabolism were all confirmed to be up-regulated in S.schenckii in yeast phase.Conclusions Compared with S.schenckii in mycelium phase,great changes in gene expression profiles were observed in S.schenckii in yeast phase.These differentially expressed genes are involved in many functions,suggesting that the dimorphic transition of S.schenckii is regulated by a multi-gene network system.