ObjectiveTo characterize the quality differences among different germplasm and introduced varieties of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium roots（BSR）， and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms， providing a basis for high-quality production and quality control. MethodsWild BSR from Yulin（YLW） served as the quality reference， we conducted comparative analysis among YLW， locally domesticated wild germplasm in Yulin（YLC3）， Daqing germplasm introduced and cultivated in Yulin（YLDQC3）， and locally cultivated germplasm in Daqing（DQC3）. A combination of traditional pharmacognostic methods and modern multi-omics analyses was employed， including macroscopic traits（appearance， odor）， microscopic features（proportions of cork， phloem， xylem）， cell wall component contents（hemicellulose， cellulose， lignin）， carbohydrate contents（starch， water-soluble polysaccharides）， marker compound contents（ethanol-soluble extracts， total saponins， liposoluble extracts， and saikosaponins A， B₂， C， D）， metabolomics， and transcriptomics， in order to systematically characterize quality differences and investigate molecular mechanisms among these samples. ResultsMacroscopically， Yulin-produced BSR（YLW， YLC3， YLDQC3） exhibited significantly greater weight， length， and upper and middle diameters than Daqing-produced BSR（DQC3）. Odor-wise， YLW and YLC3 had a a fragrance taste， YLDQC3 had a rancid oil odor， and DQC3 had a sweet and fragrant taste. Microscopically， Yulin germplasm（YLW， YLC3） and Daqing germplasm（YLDQC3， DQC3） shared similar structural features， respectively. However， Yulin germplasm showed significantly higher proportions of cork and phloem， as well as stronger xylem vessel staining intensity compared to Daqing germplasm. Regarding various component contents， Yulin germplasm contained significantly higher levels of ethanol-soluble extracts， total saponins， and saikosaponins A， B₂， C， D， while Daqing germplasm had significantly higher levels of hemicellulose， starch， and liposoluble extracts. After introduction to Yulin， the Daqing germplasm（YLDQC3） showed increased starch， water-soluble polysaccharides and liposoluble extracts contents， decreased cell wall component content， but no significant difference in other component contents. Metabolomics revealed that saponins and terpenes accumulated significantly in Yulin germplasm， while alcohols and aldehydes accumulated predominantly in Daqing germplasm. Transcriptomics indicated similar gene expression patterns within the same germplasm but specificity between different germplasms. Integrative metabolomic-transcriptomic analysis identified 145 potential key genes associated with the saikosaponin biosynthesis pathway， including one acetyl-coenzyme A（CoA） acetyltransferase gene（ACAT）， one 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase gene（HMGS）， two hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA（HMG-CoA） reductase genes（HMG）， one phosphomevalonate kinase gene（PMK）， one 1-deoxy-D-xylose-5-phosphate synthase gene（CLA）， one hydroxymethylbuten-1-aldol synthase gene（HDR）， two farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase genes（FPPS）， one squalene synthase gene（SQS）， one β-amyrin synthase gene（BAS）， 102 cytochrome P450（CYP450） gene family members， and 32 uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase（UGT） gene family members. ConclusionAmong the three cultivated types， YLC3 most closely resembles YLW in appearance， microscopic features， contents of major bioactive constituents， metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles. Yulin germplasm exhibits superior saponin synthesis capability compared to Daqing germplasm， and Yulin region is more suitable for the growth of B. scorzonerifolium. Based on these findings， it is recommended that artificial cultivation in northern Shaanxi and similar regions utilize the local Yulin germplasm source cultivated for at least three years.

As one of the most serious global public health concerns, malaria is highly prevalent in Africa and has severely hindered local social and economic developments. Anti-malaria aid underpinned by artemisinin has emerged as an iconic practice of China’s engagement in global health governance in the context of evolving global health governance, which continuously exerts its distinctive impact. The Artemisinin Anti-Malaria Team at Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine is dedicated to safeguarding global health, committed to transforming artemisinin, a precious gift of traditional Chinese medicine to the world, into tangible impetus for malaria elimination. At the convergence of the China-Africa Year of People-to-People Exchanges and World Malaria Day, a review of China-Africa health cooperation is of specific significance. Based on the practices of international anti-malaria projects led by the Artemisinin Anti-Malaria Team at Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, this paper systematically summarizes the theoretical innovations, practical values and humanistic core of China’s anti-malaria approaches, and analyzes the core challenges in global malaria elimination programmes in the new era.

Objective To investigate the effect of closed-chain exercise training on hemiplegic shoulder pain and shoulder joint sta-bility in stroke patients,and to explore the relationship between hemiplegic shoulder pain and shoulder joint sta-bility.Methods A total of 52 stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain in Jiangsu Province Hospital from October,2020 to January,2023 were selected,and were randomly divided into control group(n=26)and experimental group(n=26).Both groups received conventional rehabilitation therapy,while the experimental group additionally under-went closed-chain exercise training for shoulder joint.Pain severity and motor function were assessed using Visu-al Analog Scale(VAS)and Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities(FMA-UE)before and after intervention.Musculoskeletal ultrasound was used to measure acromion-greater tuberosity distance(AGT),acromion-lesser tu-berosity distance(ALT),acromiohumeral distance(AHD)and supraspinatus thickness(SST)to evaluate shoulder joint stability.Correlation analysis was conducted on the improvements in shoulder pain and shoulder joint stabil-ity in the experimental group.Results Two cases in the control group and two in the experimental group dropped down.Both groups showed signifi-cant improvements in VAS and FMA-UE scores after intervention(|t|>5.214,P<0.001),and the scores im-proved more in the experimental group than in the control group(|t|>2.087,P<0.05).The experimental group also showed significant improvements in AGT,ALT,AHD and SST(|t|>4.187,P<0.001),with AGT,ALT and AHD being superior to those in the control group(|t|>2.155,P<0.05).The difference of VAS score in the exper-imental group was correlated with the difference of FMA-UE,AGT and ALT after intervention(r>0.434,P<0.05).Conclusion Closed-chain shoulder exercise training can significantly improve shoulder joint stability while alleviating shoulder pain,and effectively enhancing upper limb function in stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain.Hemiplegic shoulder pain is correlated with shoulder joint stability.

Acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock(AMI-CS)is a clinical syndrome characterized by decreased cardiac output and inadequate tissue perfusion due to acute myocardial ischemia and necrosis.Despite advances in early revascularization and mechanical circulatory support,the hospital mortality rate remains high.To address this challenge,Chinese Society of Cardiology(Chinese Medical Association),the Chinese Society of Extracorporeal Life Support(Chinese Medical Doctor Association)and Chinese Society of Extracorporeal Circulation(Chinese Society of Biomedical Engineering)organized multidisciplinary experts to formulate the"Chinese Expert Consensus on Establishing a Comprehensive Rescue and Treatment System for Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock".This consensus proposes the establishment of hub-and-spoke model,with spoke hospitals as branches in the region around the hub hospital for AMI-CS rescue and treatment network.Detailed recommendations are provided on issues such as the implementation of multi-directional transfer strategies,the responsibilities among hospitals at different levels,standardization of patient transfer processes,the application of advanced extracorporeal life support technologies,the cultivation of multidisciplinary comprehensive rescue and treatment teams,and the establishment of medical big data.The goal of this consensus is to further promote the development of the rescue and treatment system for AMI-CS patient in China,optimize the allocation of medical resources,enhance patient rescue and treatment efficiency and quality,and improve their outcomes.

Objective To investigate the effect of closed-chain exercise training on hemiplegic shoulder pain and shoulder joint sta-bility in stroke patients,and to explore the relationship between hemiplegic shoulder pain and shoulder joint sta-bility.Methods A total of 52 stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain in Jiangsu Province Hospital from October,2020 to January,2023 were selected,and were randomly divided into control group(n=26)and experimental group(n=26).Both groups received conventional rehabilitation therapy,while the experimental group additionally under-went closed-chain exercise training for shoulder joint.Pain severity and motor function were assessed using Visu-al Analog Scale(VAS)and Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities(FMA-UE)before and after intervention.Musculoskeletal ultrasound was used to measure acromion-greater tuberosity distance(AGT),acromion-lesser tu-berosity distance(ALT),acromiohumeral distance(AHD)and supraspinatus thickness(SST)to evaluate shoulder joint stability.Correlation analysis was conducted on the improvements in shoulder pain and shoulder joint stabil-ity in the experimental group.Results Two cases in the control group and two in the experimental group dropped down.Both groups showed signifi-cant improvements in VAS and FMA-UE scores after intervention(|t|>5.214,P<0.001),and the scores im-proved more in the experimental group than in the control group(|t|>2.087,P<0.05).The experimental group also showed significant improvements in AGT,ALT,AHD and SST(|t|>4.187,P<0.001),with AGT,ALT and AHD being superior to those in the control group(|t|>2.155,P<0.05).The difference of VAS score in the exper-imental group was correlated with the difference of FMA-UE,AGT and ALT after intervention(r>0.434,P<0.05).Conclusion Closed-chain shoulder exercise training can significantly improve shoulder joint stability while alleviating shoulder pain,and effectively enhancing upper limb function in stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain.Hemiplegic shoulder pain is correlated with shoulder joint stability.

Acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock(AMI-CS)is a clinical syndrome characterized by decreased cardiac output and inadequate tissue perfusion due to acute myocardial ischemia and necrosis.Despite advances in early revascularization and mechanical circulatory support,the hospital mortality rate remains high.To address this challenge,Chinese Society of Cardiology(Chinese Medical Association),the Chinese Society of Extracorporeal Life Support(Chinese Medical Doctor Association)and Chinese Society of Extracorporeal Circulation(Chinese Society of Biomedical Engineering)organized multidisciplinary experts to formulate the"Chinese Expert Consensus on Establishing a Comprehensive Rescue and Treatment System for Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock".This consensus proposes the establishment of hub-and-spoke model,with spoke hospitals as branches in the region around the hub hospital for AMI-CS rescue and treatment network.Detailed recommendations are provided on issues such as the implementation of multi-directional transfer strategies,the responsibilities among hospitals at different levels,standardization of patient transfer processes,the application of advanced extracorporeal life support technologies,the cultivation of multidisciplinary comprehensive rescue and treatment teams,and the establishment of medical big data.The goal of this consensus is to further promote the development of the rescue and treatment system for AMI-CS patient in China,optimize the allocation of medical resources,enhance patient rescue and treatment efficiency and quality,and improve their outcomes.

Background and purpose:For patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer,trastuzumab treatment can prolong the overall survival and significantly improve the prognosis of patients.However,the reference original research trastuzumab(Herceptin?)is more expensive.Biosimilars have comparable efficacy and safety profiles while increasing patient access to treatment.This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy,pharmacokinetics,safety and immunogenicity of the trastuzumab biosimilar AK-HER2 compared to trastuzumab(Herceptin?)in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.Methods:This multi-center,randomised,double-blind phase Ⅲ clinical trial was conducted in 43 subcenters in China.This study complied with the research protocol,the ethical principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki and the quality management standards for drug clinical trials.It was approved by the hospital's medical ethics committee.The clinical trial registration agency is the State Food and Drug Administration(clinical trial approval number:2015L04224;clinical trial registration number:CTR20170516).Written informed consent was obtained from subjects before enrollment.Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to the AK-HER2 group and the control group,respectively receiving AK-HER2 or trastuzumab(initial loading dose 8 mg/kg,maintenance dose 6 mg/kg,every 3 weeks as a treatment cycle,total treatment time is 16 cycles)in combination with docetaxel(75 mg/m2,treatment duration is at least 9 cycles).The primary endpoint of this clinical trial was the objective response rate(ORR9)between the AK-HER2 group and the control group in the 9th cycle.Secondary efficacy endpoints included ORR16,disease control rate(DCR),clinical benefit rate(CBR),progression-free survival(PFS)and 1-year survival rate.In this study,100 subjects(AK-HER2 group to control group=1:1)were randomly selected for blood sample collection after the 6th cycle of medication,The collection time points were 45 minutes after infusion(the end of administration),4,8,24,72,120,168,336,and 504 hours after the end of administration.After collection,blood samples were analyzed by PK parameter set(PKPS).Other evaluation parameters included safety and immunogenicity assessment.Results:A total of 550 patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer were enrolled in this clinical trial between Sep.2017 and Mar.2021.In the AK-HER2 group(n=237),129 subjects in the experimental group achieved complete response(CR)or partial response(PR),and the ORR9 was 54.4%.There were 134 subjects in the control group(n=241)who achieved CR or PR,and the ORR9 was 55.6%.The ORR9 ratio between the AK-HER2 group and the control group was 97.9%[90%confidence interval(CI):85.4%-112.2%,P=0.784],which was not statistically significant.In all secondary efficacy endpoints,no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups.We conducted a mean ratio analysis of pharmacokinetics(PK)parameters between the AK-HER2 group and the control group,and the results suggested that the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the two drugs are similar.The incidence of treatment emergent adverse event(TEAE)leading to drug reduction or suspension during trastuzumab treatment was 3.6%(10 cases)in the AK-HER2 group and 8.1%(22 cases)in the control group.There was statistically significant difference between the two groups(P=0.027).The incidence rate was significantly lower in the AK-HER2 group than in the control group,and there was no statistically significant difference among the other groups.The differences in the positive rates of anti-drug antibodies(ADA)and neutralizing antibodies(NAB)between groups were of no statistical significance(P=0.385 and P=0.752).Conclusion:In patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer,AK-HER2 was comparable to the trastuzumab(Herceptin?)in terms of drug efficacy,pharmacokinetics,safety and immunogenicity.

Objective:To observe any effect of a half palm ankle-foot orthosis and a hollow-heel ankle-foot orthosis on the gait of stroke survivors.Methods:The walking of twenty-five stroke survivors was quantified using a gait analysis system. They walked barefoot, wearing a half palm ankle-foot orthosis and wearing a hollow-heel ankle-foot orthosis. Walking speed, step frequency, duration of the swing phase on the healthy and affected sides, risk of falling and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test times were recorded and analyzed.Results:The average gait frequency when wearing the hollow-heel ankle-foot orthosis was significantly faster than that in the other two conditions. The gait asymmetry coefficient was significantly different when the subjects wore the hollow-heel ankle-foot orthosis compared with walking barefoot. Compared with being barefoot, the average TUG time was significantly shorter when wearing either orthosis and the risk of falling was significantly less. The fall risk was significantly lower when wearing the hollow-heel orthosis compared to the half palm orthosis.Conclusion:Wearing either ankle-foot orthosis can significantly correct the gait of stroke survivors and lower their risk of falling, with better effect when wearing the hollow-heel ankle-foot orthosis.

The ban on addition of antibiotics in animal feed in China has made the search for new antibiotics substitutes, e.g. bacteriocin, a hot topic in research. The present study successfully isolated an antibacterial substance producing strain of Bacillus sp. from alpaca feces by agar diffusion method, using Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus and Listeria monocytogenes as indicator bacteria. The isolated strain was named as B. licheniformis SXAU06 based on colony morphology, Gram staining and 16S rRNA gene sequence. The antibacterial substance was isolated and purified through a series of procedures including (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, chloroform extraction, molecular interception and SDS-PAGE analysis. Bioinformatics analysis of the LC-MS/MS data indicated that the antibacterial substance was a bacteriocin-like substance (BLIS) with an approximate molecular weight of 14 kDa, and it was designated as BLIS_SXAU06. BLIS_SXAU06 exhibited high resistance to treatment of proteinase K, high temperature, high acidity and alkalinity. BLIS_SXAU06 was heterologously expressed in E. coli and the recombinant BLIS_SXAU06 exhibited effective antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, M. luteus, and L. monocytogenes, showing potential to be investigated further.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Bacillus licheniformis ; Bacteriocins/pharmacology* ; China ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Escherichia coli/genetics* ; Listeria monocytogenes ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective:To explore the correlation between the number of sentinel regional lymph node (SALN) and non-sentinel regional lymph node (NSALN) metastasis in patients with early breast cancer after sentinel regional lymph node (SALN) biopsy.Methods:Retrospectively selected 400 female patients with early breast cancer who underwent SALN biopsy at the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January 2016 to July 2021, and summarized and analyzed their clinical case data. The Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method was used to compare the count data between groups. Perform single-factor analysis on the research indicators, then screen out indicators with statistically significant differences, then perform multi-factor Logistic regression analysis, draw a receiver operating characteristic curve, and combine the area under the curve to establish a predictive model.Results:SALN biopsy was performed in 400 patients with early breast cancer. A total of 1 504 lymph nodes were detected in 320 cases of total mastectomy, with an average of 4.7, 47 cases of macrometastasis, and 2 cases of postoperative macrometastasis. The false negative rate was 4.3%. Among 400 cases, 67 cases were positive for SALN, and the positive rate was 16.75% (67/400). The results of univariate analysis showed that the number of tumor thrombus in the vessel, the number of positive SALN and the metastasis of NSALN were closely related ( χ2=8.775, 16.53, P=0.003). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of tumor thrombi and SLN-positive ≥3 in the vessel were independent predictive risk factors for NSLN metastasis ( OR=16.149, 95% CI: 3.016-86.473, P<0.001; OR=31.76, 95% CI: 5.242-192.43, P<0.001). SALN positive was closely related to NSALN metastasis, but as the number of SALN detected increases (more than 6) and when only 1 to 2 SALN was positive, the probability of NSALN metastasis was significantly reduced ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The positive number of SALN and intravascular tumor thrombolus were closely related to NALN metastasis. SALN positive number ≥3 was the most important independent predictor of NSALN metastasis. The recurrence risk of sentinel lymph node can be reduced by increasing the number of SALN detected, when 1-2 positive sentinel lymph node are detected and the number of sentinel lymph node detected >6, axillary lymph node dissection can be exempted as appropriate.