ObjectiveTo characterize the quality differences among different germplasm and introduced varieties of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium roots（BSR）， and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms， providing a basis for high-quality production and quality control. MethodsWild BSR from Yulin（YLW） served as the quality reference， we conducted comparative analysis among YLW， locally domesticated wild germplasm in Yulin（YLC3）， Daqing germplasm introduced and cultivated in Yulin（YLDQC3）， and locally cultivated germplasm in Daqing（DQC3）. A combination of traditional pharmacognostic methods and modern multi-omics analyses was employed， including macroscopic traits（appearance， odor）， microscopic features（proportions of cork， phloem， xylem）， cell wall component contents（hemicellulose， cellulose， lignin）， carbohydrate contents（starch， water-soluble polysaccharides）， marker compound contents（ethanol-soluble extracts， total saponins， liposoluble extracts， and saikosaponins A， B₂， C， D）， metabolomics， and transcriptomics， in order to systematically characterize quality differences and investigate molecular mechanisms among these samples. ResultsMacroscopically， Yulin-produced BSR（YLW， YLC3， YLDQC3） exhibited significantly greater weight， length， and upper and middle diameters than Daqing-produced BSR（DQC3）. Odor-wise， YLW and YLC3 had a a fragrance taste， YLDQC3 had a rancid oil odor， and DQC3 had a sweet and fragrant taste. Microscopically， Yulin germplasm（YLW， YLC3） and Daqing germplasm（YLDQC3， DQC3） shared similar structural features， respectively. However， Yulin germplasm showed significantly higher proportions of cork and phloem， as well as stronger xylem vessel staining intensity compared to Daqing germplasm. Regarding various component contents， Yulin germplasm contained significantly higher levels of ethanol-soluble extracts， total saponins， and saikosaponins A， B₂， C， D， while Daqing germplasm had significantly higher levels of hemicellulose， starch， and liposoluble extracts. After introduction to Yulin， the Daqing germplasm（YLDQC3） showed increased starch， water-soluble polysaccharides and liposoluble extracts contents， decreased cell wall component content， but no significant difference in other component contents. Metabolomics revealed that saponins and terpenes accumulated significantly in Yulin germplasm， while alcohols and aldehydes accumulated predominantly in Daqing germplasm. Transcriptomics indicated similar gene expression patterns within the same germplasm but specificity between different germplasms. Integrative metabolomic-transcriptomic analysis identified 145 potential key genes associated with the saikosaponin biosynthesis pathway， including one acetyl-coenzyme A（CoA） acetyltransferase gene（ACAT）， one 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase gene（HMGS）， two hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA（HMG-CoA） reductase genes（HMG）， one phosphomevalonate kinase gene（PMK）， one 1-deoxy-D-xylose-5-phosphate synthase gene（CLA）， one hydroxymethylbuten-1-aldol synthase gene（HDR）， two farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase genes（FPPS）， one squalene synthase gene（SQS）， one β-amyrin synthase gene（BAS）， 102 cytochrome P450（CYP450） gene family members， and 32 uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase（UGT） gene family members. ConclusionAmong the three cultivated types， YLC3 most closely resembles YLW in appearance， microscopic features， contents of major bioactive constituents， metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles. Yulin germplasm exhibits superior saponin synthesis capability compared to Daqing germplasm， and Yulin region is more suitable for the growth of B. scorzonerifolium. Based on these findings， it is recommended that artificial cultivation in northern Shaanxi and similar regions utilize the local Yulin germplasm source cultivated for at least three years.

Objective To analyze the effect of different doses of sufentanil in pediatric tonsil adenoidectomy(referred to as tonsil surgery).Methods 111 cases of children who underwent pediatric squamous gland surgery were selected,and the cases were included from January 2023 to October 2024,and the collection site was Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital,the selected children were divided into the group A,B,and C by randomized numerical table method,each with 37 cases.0.25 μg/kg of sufentanil was given to group A,0.30 μg/kg of sufentanil was given to group B,0.35 μg/kg of sufentanil was given to group C.The perioperative times,the pain and agitation conditions in the early postoperative period(Within 30 min after extubation),the hemodynamics before the induction of anesthesia(T0),the immediate moment of endotracheal intubation(T1),the immediate start of the surgery(T2),and hemodynamics at extubation(T3),the adverse effects during observation and the parental satisfaction at discharge of the three groups were compared.Results The times of extubation,autonomic respiration recovery,awakening and anesthesia recovery room stay were shorter in the group A,B than in the group C(P<0.05).Early postoperative period,the scores of face legs activity crying consolability(FLACC)and pediatric anesthesia agitation during awakening(PAED)were lower in the groups B,C than in the group A(P<0.05);and the incidence of pain and agitation in the groups B,C(5.41％,8.11％;2.70％,5.41％)was lower than in the group A(40.54％,45.95％)(P<0.05).Compared with that at T0,the mean arterial pressure(MAP) and heart rate(HR)at T1,T2,and T3 were elevated in the group A(P<0.05);MAP and HR at T1,T2 and T3 were lower in the groups B,C than in the group A(P<0.05).During the observation period,the incidence of choking and coughing in the groups B,C(16.22％,13.51％)was lower than that in the group A(51.35％)(P<0.05);the incidence of nausea and vomiting and drowsiness in the groups A,B(2.70％,16.22％;5.41％,18.92％)was lower than that in the group C(24.32％,62.16％)(P<0.05).At the time of discharge,the parental satisfaction score in the group B was(9.12±0.25),which was higher than that in the groups A and C[(7.91±0.33),(7.93±0.41)](P<0.05).Conclusions The application of 0.30 μg/kg sufentanil in pediatric squamous gland surgery is more effective,which could shorten the time of each perioperative period,maintain hemodynamic stability,reduce the occurrence of postoperative pain,agitation,choking,nausea and vomiting,and somnolence,and improve the safety,as well as enhance the parental satisfaction of the children.

Objective To summarize and analyze the clinical features,imaging manifestations,pathological characteristics,treatment approaches,and prognosis of adrenal anastomotic hemangioma(AH),so as to enhance the clinical understanding of this disease.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 3 adrenal AH patients treated in Tongji Hospital during Jan.2012 and Dec.2024.Relevant literature was reviewed.Results All patients were male,aged 34-56 years,with a maximum tumor diameter of 2.0-5.0 cm.All tumors were solitary.No patients presented with special clinical manifestations.Biochemical tests indicated tumors with no endocrine function.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed circular mixed density shadows with uneven edge enhancement.Two patients underwent laparoscopic partial adrenal resection,and one patient received robot-assisted laparoscopic partial adrenal resection.Postoperative pathological results of all three cases indicated AH.Immunohistochemistry showed CD31(+),CD34(+),and ERG(+).No recurrence was found in a postoperative follow-up of 1-45 months.A total of 22 cases of adrenal AH were reported in the literature and our center,with onset age ranging from 34 to 83 years.The patients included 17 males and 5 females,with a maximum tumor diameter of 0.6-8.8 cm.Among them,2 cases were multifocal and the tumors were located in the kidneys,beside kidneys,or in the inferior vena cava.Two cases showed clinical manifestations of lower back pain.During the follow-up of 156 months,no recurrence or metastasis was observed.Conclusion Adrenal AH is a rare benign tumor,which mainly occurs in middle-aged and elderly people with no clinical symptoms and endocrine function.Imaging can easily mistake it for pheochromocytoma or well differentiated vascular sarcoma,and the diagnosis mainly relies on pathological examination.It should be distinguished from pheochromocytoma and well differentiated vascular sarcoma.Surgery is the main treatment method and the prognosis is good.

Objective:To compare the incidence of instrumentation-related complications and health-related quality of life following pelvic fixation using iliac screws (IS) or second sacral alar-iliac (S 2AI) screws in adult spinal deformity (ASD). Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 108 ASD patients who underwent posterior corrective fusion and fixation extending to the pelvis at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between September 2010 and April 2021. According to the type of pelvic fixation, patients were divided into an IS group ( n=34; 12 males, 22 females; mean age 53.7±11.1 years, range 28-73 years) and an S 2AI group ( n=74; 23 males, 51 females; mean age 52.8±8.6 years, range 27-72 years). Pre- and post- operative standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were evaluated for Cobb angle, coronal balance distance (CBD), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS). At 2 years postoperatively, health-related quality of life were assessed using the Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire (SRS-22), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Instrumentation failure related to pelvic fixation during follow-up was recorded. Results:All patients completed follow-up. Mean follow-up duration was 28.5±3.6 months (range 24-37 months) in the IS group and 28.1±4.3 months (range 24-43 months) in the S 2AI group. Postoperatively, both groups showed significant improvement in Cobb angle, CBD, TK, LL, SVA, PT, and SS compared to baseline ( P<0.05), whereas PI remained unchanged ( t=0.664, P=0.509; t=1.227, P=0.222). Preoperative PT was greater in the IS group than in the S 2AI group (33.6°±8.7° vs. 29.3°±9.6°, t=2.228, P=0.028). No significant intergroup differences were observed in any other pre- or post- operative radiographic parameters ( P>0.05). Pelvic fixation failure occurred in 31 patients (28.7%, 31/108). Patients with fixation failure had a longer fusion segment extension than those without failure (12.0±2.8 vs. 10.8±2.4 segments; t=2.256, P=0.026). In the IS group, complications comprised 3 cases of screw loosening (8.8%), 2 of screw breakage (5.9%), and 4 of rod fracture within the pelvic region (11.8%), including 1 case with concurrent screw and rod failure. In the S 2AI group, there were 21 cases of screw loosening (28.4%) and 2 of screw breakage (2.7%). Screw loosening was less frequent in the IS group than in the S 2AI group (χ 2=5.154, P=0.023), whereas pelvic rod fracture was more common in the IS group (χ 2=9.041, P=0.003). Screw breakage rates did not differ significantly ( P>0.05). Mean VAS, ODI, and SRS-22 scores in the IS group were 3.2±2.4, 24.9%±18.8%, and 3.2±0.8, respectively; corresponding to 2.5±1.8, 18.9%±10.9%, and 3.3±0.6 in the S 2AI group. ODI was significantly higher in the IS group ( t=2.062, P=0.042), whereas VAS and SRS-22 were comparable ( P>0.05). Among S 2AI patients, VAS and ODI scores did not differ significantly between those with and without screw loosening ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The post-operative incidence of pelvic fixation failure following ASD surgery reached 28.7%. The predominant failure mode with S 2AI was screw loosening, whereas IS was more frequently complicated by rod fracture. Early postoperative health-related quality of life was superior with S 2AI screws compared with iliac screws.

Objective To analyze the effect of LINC00894 on the malignant biological behavior of liver cancer cells by regulating the microRNA(miR)-495-3p/RAS associated binding protein 23(Rab23)axis.Methods Cancer and adjacent tissues of 53 patients with liver cancer who undergoing surgery from January 2023 to November 2023 were collected.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of LINC00894,miR-495-3p and Rab23 in tissues and in vitro cultured cells Huh7,SMMC-7721,HepG2 and L-02.Cells Huh7 were randomly separated into Huh7 group,NC group,si-LINC00894 group,anti-NC group,and anti-miR-495-3p group.CCK-8,flow cytometry and Transwell were used to compare the cell proliferation,apoptosis,migration and invasion of each group.Western blot was used to detect the expression of Rab23 and proliferation-related proteins in cells.The relationship between LINC00894 and miR-495-3p,miR-495-3p and Rab23 was analyzed and verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay.Results The mRNA and protein expression of LINC00894 and Rab23 were higher in cancer tissues and cells of liver cancer patients,while the mRNA expression of miR-495-3p was lower(P＜0.05).The apoptosis rate of si-LINC00894 group was higher than that of Huh7 group and NC group,and the absorbance at 24 h,48 h,and 72 h,numbers of migrating and invading cells,and expression of Rab23 in cells were lower than those in Huh7 group and NC group(P＜0.05);the absorbance at 24 h,48 h,and 72 h,numbers of migrating and invading cells,and expression of Rab23 in cells in the anti-miR-495-3p group were higher than those in the anti-NC group and si-LINC00894 group,the apoptosis rate of cells was lower than that in the anti NC group and si-LINC00894 group(P＜0.05).The luciferase activity in the WT-LINC00894+miR-495-3p group was lower than that in the WT-LINC00894+miR-NC group(P＜0.05),the luciferase activity in the WT-Rab23+miR-495-3p group was lower than that in the WT-Rab23+miR-NC group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Downregulation of LINC00894 can promote the expression of miR-495-3p,inhibit the expression of Rab23,and thus exert the inhibitory effect on the malignant biological behavior of liver cancer cells.

Objective To analyze the effect of different doses of sufentanil in pediatric tonsil adenoidectomy(referred to as tonsil surgery).Methods 111 cases of children who underwent pediatric squamous gland surgery were selected,and the cases were included from January 2023 to October 2024,and the collection site was Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital,the selected children were divided into the group A,B,and C by randomized numerical table method,each with 37 cases.0.25 μg/kg of sufentanil was given to group A,0.30 μg/kg of sufentanil was given to group B,0.35 μg/kg of sufentanil was given to group C.The perioperative times,the pain and agitation conditions in the early postoperative period(Within 30 min after extubation),the hemodynamics before the induction of anesthesia(T0),the immediate moment of endotracheal intubation(T1),the immediate start of the surgery(T2),and hemodynamics at extubation(T3),the adverse effects during observation and the parental satisfaction at discharge of the three groups were compared.Results The times of extubation,autonomic respiration recovery,awakening and anesthesia recovery room stay were shorter in the group A,B than in the group C(P<0.05).Early postoperative period,the scores of face legs activity crying consolability(FLACC)and pediatric anesthesia agitation during awakening(PAED)were lower in the groups B,C than in the group A(P<0.05);and the incidence of pain and agitation in the groups B,C(5.41％,8.11％;2.70％,5.41％)was lower than in the group A(40.54％,45.95％)(P<0.05).Compared with that at T0,the mean arterial pressure(MAP) and heart rate(HR)at T1,T2,and T3 were elevated in the group A(P<0.05);MAP and HR at T1,T2 and T3 were lower in the groups B,C than in the group A(P<0.05).During the observation period,the incidence of choking and coughing in the groups B,C(16.22％,13.51％)was lower than that in the group A(51.35％)(P<0.05);the incidence of nausea and vomiting and drowsiness in the groups A,B(2.70％,16.22％;5.41％,18.92％)was lower than that in the group C(24.32％,62.16％)(P<0.05).At the time of discharge,the parental satisfaction score in the group B was(9.12±0.25),which was higher than that in the groups A and C[(7.91±0.33),(7.93±0.41)](P<0.05).Conclusions The application of 0.30 μg/kg sufentanil in pediatric squamous gland surgery is more effective,which could shorten the time of each perioperative period,maintain hemodynamic stability,reduce the occurrence of postoperative pain,agitation,choking,nausea and vomiting,and somnolence,and improve the safety,as well as enhance the parental satisfaction of the children.

Objective To summarize and analyze the clinical features,imaging manifestations,pathological characteristics,treatment approaches,and prognosis of adrenal anastomotic hemangioma(AH),so as to enhance the clinical understanding of this disease.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 3 adrenal AH patients treated in Tongji Hospital during Jan.2012 and Dec.2024.Relevant literature was reviewed.Results All patients were male,aged 34-56 years,with a maximum tumor diameter of 2.0-5.0 cm.All tumors were solitary.No patients presented with special clinical manifestations.Biochemical tests indicated tumors with no endocrine function.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed circular mixed density shadows with uneven edge enhancement.Two patients underwent laparoscopic partial adrenal resection,and one patient received robot-assisted laparoscopic partial adrenal resection.Postoperative pathological results of all three cases indicated AH.Immunohistochemistry showed CD31(+),CD34(+),and ERG(+).No recurrence was found in a postoperative follow-up of 1-45 months.A total of 22 cases of adrenal AH were reported in the literature and our center,with onset age ranging from 34 to 83 years.The patients included 17 males and 5 females,with a maximum tumor diameter of 0.6-8.8 cm.Among them,2 cases were multifocal and the tumors were located in the kidneys,beside kidneys,or in the inferior vena cava.Two cases showed clinical manifestations of lower back pain.During the follow-up of 156 months,no recurrence or metastasis was observed.Conclusion Adrenal AH is a rare benign tumor,which mainly occurs in middle-aged and elderly people with no clinical symptoms and endocrine function.Imaging can easily mistake it for pheochromocytoma or well differentiated vascular sarcoma,and the diagnosis mainly relies on pathological examination.It should be distinguished from pheochromocytoma and well differentiated vascular sarcoma.Surgery is the main treatment method and the prognosis is good.

To address communication interference in complex noise environments inside and outside helmets,this study aims to improve the acoustic communication quality of in-helmet systems.A four-element microphone array communication hardware system was designed and implemented for use within the confined space of a helmet.Based on simulations of the internal acoustic field,the system incorporates a set of signal processing techniques,including array beamforming,echo cancellation,stationary noise speech enhancement,non-stationary noise suppression,and automatic gain control,forming a complete voice signal processing framework.Experimental results show that the proposed in-helmet microphone array noise reduction system achieves favorable downlink voice clarity under a total noise level of 85 dB(A),preliminarily validating the effectiveness and applicability of the implemented algorithms.This research provides essential technical and theoretical support for the future design and development of open-form in-helmet communication systems.

Objective:To compare the incidence of instrumentation-related complications and health-related quality of life following pelvic fixation using iliac screws (IS) or second sacral alar-iliac (S 2AI) screws in adult spinal deformity (ASD). Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 108 ASD patients who underwent posterior corrective fusion and fixation extending to the pelvis at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between September 2010 and April 2021. According to the type of pelvic fixation, patients were divided into an IS group ( n=34; 12 males, 22 females; mean age 53.7±11.1 years, range 28-73 years) and an S 2AI group ( n=74; 23 males, 51 females; mean age 52.8±8.6 years, range 27-72 years). Pre- and post- operative standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were evaluated for Cobb angle, coronal balance distance (CBD), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS). At 2 years postoperatively, health-related quality of life were assessed using the Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire (SRS-22), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Instrumentation failure related to pelvic fixation during follow-up was recorded. Results:All patients completed follow-up. Mean follow-up duration was 28.5±3.6 months (range 24-37 months) in the IS group and 28.1±4.3 months (range 24-43 months) in the S 2AI group. Postoperatively, both groups showed significant improvement in Cobb angle, CBD, TK, LL, SVA, PT, and SS compared to baseline ( P<0.05), whereas PI remained unchanged ( t=0.664, P=0.509; t=1.227, P=0.222). Preoperative PT was greater in the IS group than in the S 2AI group (33.6°±8.7° vs. 29.3°±9.6°, t=2.228, P=0.028). No significant intergroup differences were observed in any other pre- or post- operative radiographic parameters ( P>0.05). Pelvic fixation failure occurred in 31 patients (28.7%, 31/108). Patients with fixation failure had a longer fusion segment extension than those without failure (12.0±2.8 vs. 10.8±2.4 segments; t=2.256, P=0.026). In the IS group, complications comprised 3 cases of screw loosening (8.8%), 2 of screw breakage (5.9%), and 4 of rod fracture within the pelvic region (11.8%), including 1 case with concurrent screw and rod failure. In the S 2AI group, there were 21 cases of screw loosening (28.4%) and 2 of screw breakage (2.7%). Screw loosening was less frequent in the IS group than in the S 2AI group (χ 2=5.154, P=0.023), whereas pelvic rod fracture was more common in the IS group (χ 2=9.041, P=0.003). Screw breakage rates did not differ significantly ( P>0.05). Mean VAS, ODI, and SRS-22 scores in the IS group were 3.2±2.4, 24.9%±18.8%, and 3.2±0.8, respectively; corresponding to 2.5±1.8, 18.9%±10.9%, and 3.3±0.6 in the S 2AI group. ODI was significantly higher in the IS group ( t=2.062, P=0.042), whereas VAS and SRS-22 were comparable ( P>0.05). Among S 2AI patients, VAS and ODI scores did not differ significantly between those with and without screw loosening ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The post-operative incidence of pelvic fixation failure following ASD surgery reached 28.7%. The predominant failure mode with S 2AI was screw loosening, whereas IS was more frequently complicated by rod fracture. Early postoperative health-related quality of life was superior with S 2AI screws compared with iliac screws.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for postoperative coronal imbalance in patients with type A degenerative scoliosis and to refine the Qiu classification by reclassifying type A patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients with type A degenerative scoliosis classified by the Qiu classification who underwent corrective surgery at our hospital from January 2017 to April 2022. A total of 69 patients were enrolled in the study, including 3 males and 66 females, with an age of 60.6±6.8 years (range: 47-71 years). Based on the preoperative CBD, type A patients were further divided into three subtypes: Aa with CBD≤1 cm, Ab with CBD>1 cm with C 7 plumb line deviation toward the concave side, and Ac with CBD>1 cm with C 7 plumb line deviation toward the convex side. The incidence of coronal imbalance was compared among subtypes. During follow-up, patients with CBD ≤3 cm were classified as balanced, and those with CBD>3 cm as imbalanced. Radiographic parameters including coronal Cobb's angle (CA), CBD, L 4 tilt angle, L 5 tilt angle, thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured in the standing radiographs preoperatively, 2-weeks postoperatively and 2-years follow-up. Differences in radiographic parameters between balanced and imbalanced groups were compared, and binary logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for postoperative coronal imbalance. Results:In the imbalanced Group (22 patients), there were 6 patients of type Aa (27%), 5 patients of type Ab (23%), and 11 patients of type Ac (50%), and in the balanced Group (47 patients), there were 20 patients of type Aa (43%), 18 patients of type Ab (38%), and 9 patients of type Ae (19%). The difference in subtype distribution between the two groups was significant (χ 2=6.939, P=0.029). The CBD in the imbalanced group was significantly larger than in the balanced group at the 2-years follow-up (4.18±0.86 cm vs. 1.31±0.78 cm, t=-13.813, P<0.001). The preoperative L 4 tilt angle was significantly larger in the imbalanced group compared to the balanced group (23.59°±6.86° vs. 17.64°±8.34°, t=-2.914, P=0.005). And the postoperative and 2-years follow-up L 4 tilt angles were also significantly larger than the balanced group (18.6°±5.5° vs. 11.5°±5.7°, t=-4.904, P<0.001; 18.0°±5.6° vs. 11.1°±5.7°, t=-4.691, P<0.001). Regression analysis identified the Ac type [ OR=3.937, 95% CI(1.07, 14.55), P=0.040] and excessive postoperative L 4 tilt angle [ OR=1.288, 95% CI(1.09, 1.52), P=0.003] as risk factors for postoperative coronal imbalance in type A patients. Conclusions:In the A-type of Qiu classification, patients with preoperative CBD>1 cm and trunk tilting towards the convex side (Ac type), as well as those with a large L 4 tilt angle after surgery, are more likely to experience coronal plane imbalance after surgery.