As an independent first-level discipline,an appropriate classification of nursing science is significant.In China,each nursing degree-granting institution has developed its own secondary-level discipline directions based on its research characteristics and strengths,with varying names and research scopes.Furthermore,there is no unified global classification system.This paper,based on the characteristics of nursing as a discipline and combined with China's discipline classification principles,used literature analysis,comprehensive classification,philosophical reflection,logical reasoning,and expert consultation methods to explore the connotation of nursing,its unique research objects and scope,and to construct a secondary-level discipline classification system for nursing science that is suitable for China's national conditions.The paper also discussed the challenges faced by the nursing discipline and its future development directions,providing theoretical and practical guidance for the development of the nursing discipline.

As an independent first-level discipline,an appropriate classification of nursing science is significant.In China,each nursing degree-granting institution has developed its own secondary-level discipline directions based on its research characteristics and strengths,with varying names and research scopes.Furthermore,there is no unified global classification system.This paper,based on the characteristics of nursing as a discipline and combined with China's discipline classification principles,used literature analysis,comprehensive classification,philosophical reflection,logical reasoning,and expert consultation methods to explore the connotation of nursing,its unique research objects and scope,and to construct a secondary-level discipline classification system for nursing science that is suitable for China's national conditions.The paper also discussed the challenges faced by the nursing discipline and its future development directions,providing theoretical and practical guidance for the development of the nursing discipline.

Objective:To study the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on insomnia (CBT-i) for patients with insomnia and patients with comorbid depressive disorder.Methods:According to the score of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), 71 patients who met the diagnosis of insomnia were divided into the insomnia group (<14 points, 33 cases) and the insomnia with depression group (≥14 points, 38 cases). Patients in both groups filled in sleep diaries every day and were given standard CBT-i treatment for 8 weeks. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), BDI, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the SF-36 Health Survey were evaluated before treatment (baseline), at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 4 weeks after treatment (3 months), and 16 weeks after treatment (6 months). Independent sample t test was utilized to compare difference between two groups, while repeated measures ANOVA was adopted to analyze data at different timepoints. Results:Compared with baseline assessment, both insomnia group and insomnia with depression group showed significant differences in Sleep Onset Latency (SOL), Sleep Efficiency (SE), PSQI, ISI, BDI, BAI, and SF-36. There were no significant difference between the two groups, at baseline, 8 weeks, 3 months and 6 months in SOL, and SE, however, significant difference was found in the scores of BAI ( t=-6.340,-3.301,-3.511,-2.982), and SF-36 ( t=4.162,3.195,2.022,3.629; P<0.01 or 0.05). In the meantime, there was a significant difference on PSQI and ISI at 8 weeks and 3 months, while there was no significant difference of them at month 6 (7.3±4.6 vs. 4.7±3.4, t=-2.044, P=0.048) . There were no statistically significant differences in sleep latency, sleep efficiency and PSQI scores between the insomnia group and the insomnia with depression group at 8 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. However, compared with baseline measurement, the two groups showed statistically significant differences on BAI and BDI scores at week 8, month 3 and month 6 (all P<0.01). Conclusions:CBT-i is effective for patients with insomnia as well as those with comorbid depression, it could be helpful to alleviate the depressive symptoms and improve patient′s quality of life.

Objective:To study the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on insomnia (CBT-i) for patients with insomnia and patients with comorbid depressive disorder.Methods:According to the score of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), 71 patients who met the diagnosis of insomnia were divided into the insomnia group (<14 points, 33 cases) and the insomnia with depression group (≥14 points, 38 cases). Patients in both groups filled in sleep diaries every day and were given standard CBT-i treatment for 8 weeks. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), BDI, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the SF-36 Health Survey were evaluated before treatment (baseline), at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 4 weeks after treatment (3 months), and 16 weeks after treatment (6 months). Independent sample t test was utilized to compare difference between two groups, while repeated measures ANOVA was adopted to analyze data at different timepoints. Results:Compared with baseline assessment, both insomnia group and insomnia with depression group showed significant differences in Sleep Onset Latency (SOL), Sleep Efficiency (SE), PSQI, ISI, BDI, BAI, and SF-36. There were no significant difference between the two groups, at baseline, 8 weeks, 3 months and 6 months in SOL, and SE, however, significant difference was found in the scores of BAI ( t=-6.340,-3.301,-3.511,-2.982), and SF-36 ( t=4.162,3.195,2.022,3.629; P<0.01 or 0.05). In the meantime, there was a significant difference on PSQI and ISI at 8 weeks and 3 months, while there was no significant difference of them at month 6 (7.3±4.6 vs. 4.7±3.4, t=-2.044, P=0.048) . There were no statistically significant differences in sleep latency, sleep efficiency and PSQI scores between the insomnia group and the insomnia with depression group at 8 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. However, compared with baseline measurement, the two groups showed statistically significant differences on BAI and BDI scores at week 8, month 3 and month 6 (all P<0.01). Conclusions:CBT-i is effective for patients with insomnia as well as those with comorbid depression, it could be helpful to alleviate the depressive symptoms and improve patient′s quality of life.

Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-i) in chronic insomnia patients in terms of the improvements of psychological and sleep diary parameters. Methods Patients who met the diagnostic criteria of chronic insomnia, were divided into primary group or comorbid group. Both groups received standard CBT-i interventions. Psychological scales and sleep diaries were used to evaluate participants' severity of insomnia and psychological conditions related to insomnia at four time points:before intervention (baseline), immediate after intervention, 4 weeks and 16 weeks after intervention. Results Both groups achieved significant improvements after intervention on psychological measurements and sleep diary parameters. Such improvements were maintained at 4-week and 16-week follow-ups. The sleep diary data indicated that by the end of the intervention, there were significant differences on sleep onset latency(51.72 min to 10.53 min in primary group, P<0.01;59.26 min to 15.67min in comorbid group, P<0.01)and sleep efficiency (71％to 95％in primary group, P<0.01;68％to 90％in comorbid group, P<0.01). There were differences on sleep onset latency (10.00 min vs. 13.93 min,P<0.05), total sleep time (355.71 min vs. 327.85 min, P<0.05) and sleep efficiency (95％vs. 91％, P<0.01) in primary group and comorbid group respectively. No differences were found on wake after sleep onset in the two groups. Conclusions Chronic insomnia patients with or without comorbidities both have improvements after CBT-i. Sleep diary parameters rather than psychological measurements are different in two groups. Thus, CBT-i is an effective non-pharmaceutical therapy inpatients with chronic insomnia.

Objectives To discuss mental health of fresh graduate students in China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (hereinafter referred to as our academy); To provide psychological basis for education and management of graduate students.Methods All 2014 fresh graduate students in our academy took psychological test via SCL-90 and comparison was made between this result and normal results of Chinese graduate students.Results The primary psychological problems of graduate students from our academy were shown as obsessive compulsive disorder (14.02%), interpersonal barriers (7.32%), depression (8.54%), and anxiety (5.49%). Among the freshmen, psychological health level of doctor candidates is higher than that of master candidates . Mental health of fresh TCM graduate students is better than that of national college students, with statistical significance (P<0.01). Conclusion Mental health of TCM graduate students is better. There is specificity for TCM students’ mental health maintenance. Therefore, health maintenance for TCM students should make full use of advantages in TCM major.