ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Sanren Runchang formula in treating constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-C） by regulating the brain-gut axis and the effects of the formula on serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP）， and substance P （SP）. MethodsA randomized controlled design was adopted， and 72 IBS-C patients meeting Rome Ⅳ criteria were randomized into observation and control groups （36 cases）.The observation group received Sanren Runchang formula granules twice daily， and the control group received lactulose oral solution daily for 4 weeks. IBS Symptom Severity Scale （IBS-SSS）， IBS Quality of Life Scale （IBS-QOL）， and Bristol Stool Form Scale （BSFS） were used to assess clinical symptoms， and bowel movement frequency was recorded. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） and Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS） were employed to evaluate psychological status. ELISA was employed to measure the serum levels of 5-HT， VIP， and SP. ResultsThe total response rate in the observation group was 91.67% （33/36）， which was higher than that （77.78%， 28/36） in the control group （χ²=4.50， P<0.05）. After treatment， both groups showed increased defecation frequency and BSFS scores， decreased IBS-SSS total score， abdominal pain and bloating scores， IBS-QOL health anxiety， anxiety， food avoidance， and behavioral disorders scores， SAS and SDS scores， serum 5-HT and VIP levels， and increased SP levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， the observation group showed more significant changes in the indicators above than the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The SP level showed no significant difference between the two groups. During the 4-week follow-up， the recurrence rate was 5.88% in the observation group and 31.25% in the control group. No adverse events occurred in observation group， and 2 cases of mild diarrhea occurred in the control group. ConclusionSanren Runchang formula demonstrated definitive efficacy in alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms and improving the psychological status and quality of life in IBS-C patients， with a low recurrence rate. The formula can regulate serum levels of neurotransmitters such as 5-HT and VIP， suggesting its potential regulatory effect on the brain-gut axis through modulating neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. However， its complete mechanism of action requires further investigation through detection of additional brain-gut axis-related biomarkers.

ObjectiveTo understand the current status of Cronobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) infection and its molecular epidemiological characteristics among patients with diarrhea, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of diarrhea disease caused by infection with Cronobacter spp. in Changping District, Beijing. Methods760 stool samples were collected from the diarrhea patients in a sentinel hospital in 2019, for the detection of Cronobacter spp., Salmonella, diarrheogenic Escherichia coli (DEC), and Vibrio Parahaemolyticus. Meanwhile, drug sensitivity experiment and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing analysis were conducted on the Cronobacter spp. strains isolated. ResultsA total of 20 Cronobacter spp. strains (2.63%) were isolated, with a lower detection rate than that of Salmonella and Vibrio Parahaemolyticus (χ²=9.052, P=0.011). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the detection rates in Cronobacter spp. and DEC (χ²=1.076, P=0.300). Seasonal characterization analysis showed that Cronobacter spp. could be detected in spring (1.00%), summer (4.17%), autumn (3.00%) and winter (1.67%), and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=662.700, P<0.001). The PFGE analysis showed that 20 PFGE banding patterns were found in 20 Cronobacter spp. strains, with a similarity coefficient ranging from 56.30% to 90.09% and a diverse PFGE banding pattern. The drug sensitivity experiment results showed that 18 (90.00%) strains were resistant to cefazolin, and2 (10.00%) strains were intermediate. While, as for cefoxitin, 2 (10.00%) strains were resistant to it, and 5 (25.00%) strains were intermediate. All the 20 strains were 100.00% sensitive to the other 11 antibiotics. ConclusionIn the study, Cronobacter spp. is detected in all seasons through the year, with a high resistance rate to cefazolin, no multi-drug resistant bacteria appeared, and diverse PFGE banding patterns.

Objective: To explore the potential category patterns of risk prevention and control behaviors of HIV infection among young students who have sex with men (MSM) and their impact on HIV infection and late detection, aiming to optimize intervention strategies. Methods: From September 2017 to December 2024, a total of 1 637 MSM young students in Tianjin were recruited through both online and offline channels. Latent class analysis was applied to classify 11 HIV risk prevention and control behaviors [condom use during the most recent anal sex in the past 6 months, consistent condom use, use of water based lubricants, abstinence from recreational drugs, regular on site professional testing, fixed sexual partners, partner testing, awareness of partner s HIV testing results, testing before sexual activity, nucleic acid testing, and use of pre exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)]. Multivariate Logistic regression analyzed associations between demographic characteristics/intervention services factors and latent classes. Differences in HIV infection and late detection across behavior patterns were compared. Results: HIV risk prevention and control behaviors among MSM students were classified into three latent classes:condom dependent group (38.42%), low prevention group (27.73%), and comprehensive prevention group (33.85%). Students who received condom promotion/testing services were more likely to belong to the comprehensive prevention group ( OR =5.58), while those who received peer education were less likely to the comprehensive prevention group ( OR =0.43) (both P <0.01). Among the MSM student population, the HIV infection rate was 4.83%, with 2.26% of cases detected late. The HIV infection rate (1.45%) and late detection proportion (0.82%) in the comprehensive prevention group were lower than those in the low prevention group (7.89% and 3.83%, respectively) ( χ 2=16.20, 7.31, both P <0.01). Conclusions HIV risk prevention and control behaviors among MSM young students exhibit significant heterogeneity. Comprehensive prevention strategies can effectively reduce HIV infection and late detection risks. It is necessary to optimize peer education content and improve the accessibility of diversified prevention measures such as PrEP/PEP to enhance HIV prevention and control.

Objective To analyze the epidemic and clinical characteristics of pertussis cases in Changping District, Beijing and improve the clinical diagnosis level, and to provide a scientific basis for pertussis prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze pertussis cases in Changping District, Beijing from 2023 to 2024. Results A total of 565 cases were reported in Changping District, Beijing from 2023 to 2024, with an average annual incidence of 12.45/100 000. There were 285 males (50.44%) and 280 females (49.56%). The top five towns and streets with the highest number of reported cases were Beiqijia (90 cases), Longzeyuan (71 cases), Shahe (57 cases), Huilongguan (48 cases) and Tiantongyuan South (46 cases), accounting for 55.22% of all cases. The top three towns and streets with the highest incidence rate were Tiantongyuan South (19.72/100 000), Longzeyuan (19.49/100 000) and Beiqijia (14.55/100 000). The incident peak period was from October 2023 to April 2024, with a total of 422 cases reported, accounting for 74.69%. The age of cases ranged from 29 days to 73 years old. There were 67 cases under 1 year old, with the highest incidence rate (263.10/100 000), followed by the 5-9 years old group (149.98/100 000). The 5-9 years old group had the highest proportion of cases, accounting for 301 cases (49.05%). A total of 513 cases (90.80%) had a history of pertussis vaccine immunization, and 455 cases (80.53%) had been vaccinated with 4 doses of pertussis vaccine. The median interval from onset to diagnosis of whooping cough was 18 days and the median duration of cough was 11 days. Conclusion The highest incidence of pertussis is among infants under 1 year old, followed by the 5-9 years old group. Children of appropriate age should be vaccinated in time according to the latest national immunization strategy. Medical institutions should improve diagnostic capability and increase monitoring sensitivity.

Ferroptosis was discovered and named by the laboratory of Brent Stockwell at Columbia University in 2012. Ferroptosis has become a research hotspot in the fields of life sciences, medicine and chemistry, and it now plays a significant role in the development and progression of major diseases such as neoplasms, neurodegenerative diseases, tissue and organ damage, and immune-related diseases. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most common type of lymphoma which ranks as the third most frequent malignant tumor in children in China. This paper reviews the research progress of the relationship between ferroptosis and NHL, with a particular focus on Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum remnant cholesterol(RC)levels and the occurrence of arteriosclerosis obliterans(ASO)of the lower extremity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods 355 cases of T2DM patients hospitalized in the department of endocrinology of Tianjin Hospital affiliated with Tianjin University from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected and di-vided into the non-ASO group(180 cases)and the ASO group(175 cases)according to whether the patients were combined with ASO or not.General clinical and laboratory data of patients were collected and RC levels were calculated;Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between RC lev-els and metabolic indices,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between serum RC levels and the risk of ASO in T2DM patients.Results Compared with the non-ASO group,the ASO group had older age,the course of diabetes was longer,the incidence rates of diabetic peripher-al neuropathy,diabetic nephropathy,coronary heart disease,hypertension,and cerebral infarction were higher,statin use was more frequent,the levels of systolic blood pressure(SBP),triglyceride(TG),creatinine(Cr),uric acid(UA),and RC were higher,and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)was lower,all differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that serum RC levels were positively correlated with TG,total cholesterol(TC),and UA(r=0.628,0.289,0.192,P＜0.001),and negatively correlated with HDL-C(r=-0.202,P＜0.001).Multivariate logistic regression anal-ysis revealed that age(OR=1.095,95％CI:1.066-1.124,P＜0.001),diabetic peripheral neuropathy(OR=1.877,95％CI:1.114-3.162,P=0.018),diabetic nephropathy(OR=2.149,95％CI:1.272-3.629,P=0.004),systolic blood pressure(OR=1.017,95％CI:1.004-1.031,P=0.012),and RC(OR=2.644,95％CI:1.569-4.453,P＜0.001)were independent influencing factors for ASO in T2DM patients.Conclusion Elevated serum RC levels are closely associated with ASO in T2DM patients.

Objective To explore the predictive value of triglyceride-glucose index(TyG),C-reactive pro-tein to albumin ratio(CAR),and microRNA-21(miR-21)for the prognosis of ischemic heart failure(IHF)patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM).Methods The medical records of totally 400 IHF patients with T2DM who were admitted to the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected and divided into a favorable prognosis group(n=318)and a poor prog-nosis group(n=82)based on whether major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)occurred within 6 months after diagnosis.General information,along with TyG,CAR,and miR-21 levels,was gathered for both groups.Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were applied to identify the factors influencing poor prognosis in IHF patients with T2DM.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted to assess the predictive capacity of TyG,CAR,and miR-21 for poor prognosis in these patients.Results Univari-ate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the history of hypertension,history of coronary heart disease,advanced age,TyG,CAR,and miR-21 between the two groups(P＜0.05).Multiva-riate Logistic regression indicated that advanced age,coronary artery disease,TyG,CAR,and miR-21 were in-dependent risk factors for poor prognosis in IHF patients with T2DM(P＜0.05).The area under the curve of the combined detection of TyG,CAR,and miR-21 for poor prognosis in IHF patients with T2DM was 0.841,with sensitivity of 0.814 and specificity of 0.707.Conclusion The levels of TyG,CAR and miR-21 in IHF pa-tients with T2DM and poor prognosis are increased,and the three are closely related to adverse cardiovascular events.Combined detection can be used as an auxiliary indicator for the prognosis of IHF patients with T2DM.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of microRNA-34a(miR-34a),β-catenin and pro-grammed death receptor-1(PD-L1)in cancer tissues of patients with cervical cancer(CC)and their correla-tion with patients' prognosis.Methods A total of 83 patients with CC admitted to Yuncheng Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University from June 2021 to January 2024 were selected as the research objects.General data,CC tissue and adjacent normal tissue samples of all patients were collected.The mRNA expres-sion levels of miR-34a,β-catenin and PD-L1 in CC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were detected by fluo-rescence quantitative PCR and compared.The expression levels of β-catenin and PD-L1 in CC tissues and adja-cent normal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of prognosis in CC patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of miR-34a,β-catenin and PD-L1 expression levels in CC pa-tients with poor prognosis.Results Compared with adjacent normal tissues,the expression level of miR-34a of the CC tissues was lower,while the expression levels of β-catenin and PD-L1 were higher(P＜0.05).The positive expression rates of β-catenin and PD-L1 protein in CC tissues were higher than those of adjacent nor-mal tissues(89.16％vs.10.84％,78.31％vs.20.48％,x2=101.807,55.526,P＜0.05).There were no sig-nificant differences in age and body mass index(BMI)between the good prognosis group and the poor progno-sis group(t=1.508,1.820,both P＞0.05),while there were significant differences in International Federa-tion of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage and differentiation degree between the two groups(x2=8.451,9.115,both P＜0.05).Compared with the good prognosis group,the expression level of miR-34a of the poor prognosis group was lower,while the expression levels of β-catenin and PD-L1 were higher(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that increased expression of miR-34a was an protective factor for poor prognosis in CC patients,while the increased expression levels of β-catenin and PD-L1,Ⅱ a and Ⅱ b FIGO staging and low differentiation were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in CC patients(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that miR-34a,β-catenin and PD-L1 all had certain predictive value for the poor prognosis of CC patient,and the area under the curve(AUC)of the single detection was 0.765,0.836 and 0.797,respectively.The AUC of the combined detection was 0.914(Z=2.631,2.331,2.571,P=0.009,0.020,0.010).Conclusion The expression levels of miR-34a,β-catenin and PD-L1 mRNA affect the prognosis of CC patients.Increased expression of miR-34a is an protective factor for poor prognosis in CC patients,in-creased β-catenin and PD-L1 expressions are independent risk factors for poor prognosis in CC patients,and all three factors can be used as biomarkers to predict poor prognosis in CC patients,and the combined detection of the three has the highest prognostic value.

Objective: To analyze the use of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among male students who had sex with men (MSM) with different sexual behavior patterns using potential categories, so as to provide evidence for determining the use patterns of PrEP consistent with MSM. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted by proportional sampling method on MSM in 31 provincial administrative regions in mainland China from 20 October to 30 December 2021, a total of 1 040 students were selected for the study. Latent variable analyses were conducted on a total of seven sexual behavioral characteristics, including knowledge of sexual partner HIV infection, frequency of condom use, number of sexual partners, engaging in group sex, provision of commercial sex, use of sex aids, and history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the past year. And demographic characteristics were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. The rates of PrEP awareness, willingness to use and usage rate in different sexual behavior risk groups were investigated. Results: Student MSM could be divided into two potential category groups:a lowrisk behavior group (82.4%) and a highrisk behavior group (17.6%). The PrEP usage rate (15.8%) was higher in the highrisk behavior group, and the difference was statistically significant compared to the lowrisk behavior group (7.2%) (χ2=13.43, P<0.05). Student MSM residing in the northeast, south, and northwest of China, in the pilot city, and with a sex role of "0.5" (possible acceptance and insertion of sexual behavior) were more likely to be in the highrisk behavior group (OR=3.13, 3.07, 3.87, 2.22, 1.66, P<0.05). Conclusion Student MSM in highrisk and lowrisk sexual differs in the behavior of PrEP, and targeted interventions should be implemented to promote the use of PrEP and reduce HIV infection in this population.