Objective To investigate the toxic effects of combined yttrium and lead exposure on liver and kidney functions in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods Adult male specific pathogen-free SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. Rats in the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups were co-administered with yttrium acetate (10.0, 50.0, and 100.0 mg/kg body weight, respectively) and lead acetate (4.0, 20.0, and 40.0 mg/kg body weight, respectively) by intragastric gavage, once per day for 28 consecutive days. Rats in the control group received an equal volume of deionized water. Yttrium and lead levels in whole blood, liver, and kidney tissues of the rats were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Serum index of liver and kidney function were measured by a double reagent method, and histopathological changes in the liver and kidney were observed. Results The body weights of rats in all the three exposure groups were lower than those in the control group from day 14 of exposure until the end of exposure (all P<0.05). Body weight gain of rats was observed only in the low-dose group at day 28, whereas no body weight gain was observed throughout the exposure period in the medium- and high-dose groups. Histopathological examination showed dose-dependent liver and kidney injuries in rats of the three exposure groups compared with the control group. Specifically, the liver exhibited widening of intercellular spaces and increased inflammatory cell infiltration, while the kidney showed increased tissue hemorrhage and increased damage to glomeruli and renal tubules. Lead levels in whole blood, liver, and kidney tissues of the rats were higher than yttrium levels in all the three exposure groups (all P<0.05). Blood yttrium levels in rats of the high-dose group were higher than those in the other three groups (all P<0.05), and yttrium levels in the liver and kidney tissues of the three exposure groups were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Lead levels in whole blood, liver, and kidney tissues of the rats increased with increasing exposure dose (all P<0.05). At the end of exposure, the kidney organ coefficient of rats in the high-dose group was higher than those in the other three groups (all P<0.05). The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ratio of rats in the high‑dose group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The serum urea and uric acid levels in the medium‑ and high‑dose groups were lower than those in the control group (both P<0.05). The serum cystatin C level in the high‑dose group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Blood yttrium and blood lead levels were each negatively correlated with serum ALT/AST ratio, serum urea nitrogen, and uric acid levels (both P<0.05). Both yttrium and lead levels in liver tissue were each negatively correlated with serum ALT/AST ratio (all P<0.05). Both yttrium and lead levels in kidney tissue were each negatively correlated with both serum urea nitrogen and uric acid levels (all P<0.05), and each positively correlated with serum cystatin C levels (both P<0.05). Conclusion Co-exposure to yttrium and lead induces dose‑dependent hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in male SD rats. Lead exhibits a more pronounced accumulation effect and contributes more substantially to the observed toxicity.

Opioid receptors μOR,δOR,κOR and NOPR are all G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs),which mainly function through G protein and β-ar-restin.Recent studies have found that G protein mediates analgesia,while β-arrestin reduces anal-gesia and is related to the side effects of opioids.Oliceridine is the first biased μOR agonist approved for commerce.It mainly exerts analgesic effect by activating G protein.It has rapid onset of action and reliable analgesic effect.Due to its low activity on β-arrestin,the incidence of side effects is low,comparing to the classic opioid morphine.Oliceri-dine can be safely used in patients with liver or kid-ney insufficiency and its metabolite is inactive.This article summarizes the current progress of pharma-cological research and clinical application of oliceri-dine,aiming to provide reference for the clinical practice of oliceridine.

Objective:To analyze the predictors of poor outcomes after emergency intracerebral thrombectomy based on the characteristics of cerebral angiography.Methods:A total of 146 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who received endovascular treatment in Loudi Central Hospital from March 2019 to February 2022 were included in the study, and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed on the patients. The patients were divided into a good prognosis group (95 cases) and a poor prognosis group (51 cases) by the modified Rankin scale 3 months after operation. Gender, age, time from onset to visit, time from onset to puncture, proportion of intravenous thrombolysis, occlusion site, treatment strategy, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, core infarct volume, ischemic hypoperfusion volume, collateral circulation classification, and venous drainage status were compared between the two groups score; Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the poor prognosis of patients; Receive Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of collateral circulation classification and venous drainage status score for poor prognosis of patients, and the differences in general data and imaging data were compared between groups with different collateral circulation grades and venous drainage status.Results:Compared with the good outcome group, the time from onset to visit, NIHSS score, core infarct volume, ischemic hypoperfusion volume, the proportion of thrombectomy alone, and collateral circulation classification in the poor outcome group [2 (2, 3) levels. 2 (1, 2) level] and venous drainage score [5 (4, 6) points vs. 6 (6, 8) points] increased ( P<0.05), and the proportion of recanalization grade 2b/3 decreased ( P<0.05); NIHSS score, collateral circulation grade and venous drainage status were predictors of poor outcome within 3 months after mechanical thrombectomy ( OR = 2.51, 1.93, 2.61, P<0.05); collateral circulation grade and venous drainage score predicted mechanical thrombectomy in patients with AIS, the area under curve (AUC) of poor outcome after thrombectomy were 0.714 and 0.829, respectively; the time from onset to visit between patients with poor collateral circulation, moderate and good AIS [(236.95 ± 21.03) min, (250.41 ± 21.32) min, (255.72 ± 20.98 min)], core infarct volume [52 (17, 80) ml, 25 (15.5, 30) ml, 15 (10, 25) ml] and venous drainage scores [5 (4, 6) points, 5 (5, 8) points, 5 (5, 8) points] were significantly different ( P<0.05); time from onset to visit in patients with poor venous drainage, moderate and good AIS (234.81 ± 21.22 min), (256.83 ± 20.88) min, (258.97 ± 21.35) min], core infarct volume [17(13, 45) ml, 26(25, 29) ml, 20 (11, 29) ml] and collateral circulation classification [2 (1, 2) level, 2 (1, 3) level, 2 (2, 3) level] were significantly different ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Collateral grading and venous drainage scores based on DSA imaging were predictors of poor outcomes within 3 months of mechanical arterial thrombectomy in patients with AIS.

Hyper-osmotic stress is one of the key factors that decrease the efficiency of biological succinic acid production. To increase the osmotic stress tolerance of succinate-producing Escherichia coli, we studied the influence of IrrE, an exogenous global regulator, on cell osmotic stress resistance. Fermentation results showed that cell growth and succinic acid production by the recombinant increased under different Na+ concentrations. Meanwhile, the maximum dry cell mass, glucose consumption and succinic acid concentration increased 15.6%, 22% and 23%, respectively, when fermented in a 5-L bioreactor. Expressing IrrE improved cell resistance to hyper-osmotic stress. Further comparison of intracellular osmoprotectants (trehalose and glycerol) concentrations showed that trehalose and glycerol concentrations in the recombinant increased. This suggested that introduction of IrrE could enhance intracellular osmoprotectants accumulation which conferred cell with improved resistance to osmotic stress.

Stand-by training is an important step for a medical contingent to realize medical support in peacekeeping operations.In line with Draft MOU and General Guidelines for Peacekeeping OPNS,we need to shape a feasible standby training blueprint,and make the training plan for the medical contingent as a whole with consideration of tasks on our contingent and the actual situation of our army.