Objective To investigate the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and vas-cular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2)in serum and urine of the children patients with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS),and to conduct the correlation analysis on the experimental indexes of 24 h urine protein quantitation,blood albumin(ALB),total cholesterol(TC),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and creatinine(Scr).Methods Thirty children patients with PNS without hormone treatment admitted and treated in this hospital from January 2020 to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects and divided into the hormone sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS)group(n=12)and steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome(SDNS)group(n=18)according to the cortical hormone treatment effect.Twenty healthy children with matched age and sex visiting in the pediatric department during the same period served as the control group.The differ-ences of VEGF and VEGFR2 levels in blood and urine were compared among 3 groups and their correlation with the experimental indexes was analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the blood VEGF lev-el,urine VEGF and BUN levels in the SDNS group were increased,blood VEGFR2 and urine VEGFR2,24 h urine protein quantitation and TC level in the SSNS group and SDNS group were increased,the ALB level was decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The Pearson correlation analysis re-sults showed that blood VEGF level was positively correlated with the 24 h urine protein quantitation and TC level,and negatively correlated with the ALB level(P<0.05);the urine VEGF level was positively correlated with 24 urine protein quantitation and TC level,and negatively correlated with the Scr level(P<0.05);blood VEGF2 level was positively correlated with the 24 h urine protein quantitation and the TC level,and negative-ly correlated with the ALB level(P<0.05);the urine VEGF2 level was positively correlated with the 24 h u-rine protein quantitation and TC level,and negatively correlated with the ALB level(P<0.05).Conclusion The blood and urine VEGF and VEGFR2 may serve as the novel indicators for the early diagnosis,prediction and hormone sensitivity evaluation in the children patients with PNS.

Bioremediation is regarded as one of the most promising methods for the remediation of the soil and groundwater contaminated with organic compounds, mainly due to its cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. Using VOSviewer and CiteSpace, we analyzed all publications in this area in core database of Web of Science from 1990 to 2020. The number of publications in this area showed an increasing trend worldwide. The country with the largest total number of publications was USA, followed by China and India. Since 2012, the number of annual publications of China exceeded USA and ranked the first. The top three journals which published papers in this area were Chemosphere, Environmental Science & Technology, and Science of the Total Environment. The Chinese Academy of Sciences published the largest number of papers among the research institutions globally, but the University of California in USA had the highest total citations and h-index. Bibliometric analysis indicated that it is important to develop biotechnologies of bioremediation coupled with chemical/physical remediation to overcome the challenge of low efficiency and long remediation duration associated with bioremediation. In addition, the bioremediation on the mixed contaminants, such as organic contaminants and heavy metals, or mixtures of different organic contaminants, is an important direction. Finally, the rapid development of microbiome technologies will further promote the exploration of mechanisms involved in bioremediation on the genetic and molecular level.
Bibliometrics ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Groundwater ; Publications ; Soil

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on post-stroke upper limb spasticity and its mechanism. Methods From September, 2015 to December, 2017, 23 patients with post-stroke upper limb paralysis were randomly divided into control group (n=13) and experimental group (n=10). Both groups received routine rehabilitation, and the experimental group received 1 Hz rTMS at primary motor area (M1) for eight weeks. They were assessed with modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE) before and after treatment, while the activation under fMRI in the task state was observed and the laterality index (LI) was calculated. Results The scores of MAS, FMA-UE and MBI improved after treatment in both groups (Z>2.121, t=6.248, P<0.05), and improved more in the experimental group than in the control group (Z>2.084, t=-2.095, P<0.05). The ipsilateral M1, ipsilateral sensory motor cortex and bilateral supplementary motor area were activated more in the control group than in the experimental group during the movement of affected hand. LI in the M1 increased after treatment in both groups (Z>2.366, P<0.05), and was more in the experimental group than in the control group (Z=-2.430, P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between the change of LI in the M1 and the improvement of the MAS and FMA-UE (r>0.612, P<0.05). Conclusion Low-frequency rTMS may improve the motor function and spasticity of upper limb after stroke by promoting reorganization of the cortex and inducing normalization of cortical function.