Bladder tumor within inguinal bladder hernia is rare. This article reports a case of a male patient who was admitted to hospital due to gross hematuria，accompanied by lower abdominal pain when straining to urinate for two months. Physical examination revealed a irreducible mass in the left inguinal region. Ultrasound and MRI examinations suggested an inguinal bladder hernia complicated by multiple bladder lesions. Cystoscopy revealed extensive tumors，and pathological examination indicated high-grade urothelial carcinoma with carcinoma in situ. PET-CT confirmed pelvic lymph node metastasis. The patient underwent three cycles of neoadjuvant therapy followed by laparoscopic radical cystectomy combined with hernia repair. There was no evidence of recurrence of the hernia or tumor after one year of follow-up.

Objective:To investigate the expression of interleukin (IL)-22 in lung adenocarcinoma and its effect and possible mechanism for lung adenocarcinoma metastasis.Methods:The cancer tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues (>2 cm from the tumor edge) surgically removed from 27 lung adenocarcinoma patients in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital from January to June 2023 were retrospectively collected. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression levels of IL-22 in T cells of all tissues, and the expression levels of IL-22 in T cells were compared between cancer and adjacent tissues, as well as between lung cancer tissues of patients with and without lymph node metastasis. The cancer tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues were retrospectively collected from 6 patients with lung adenocarcinoma during the same period, and the expression level of IL-22 receptor IL-22RA1 in the tissues was detected by Western blotting. IL-22RA1 transcriptome data from cancer tissues of lung adenocarcinoma patients in 3 datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were collected. Using the R software survminer package to select the optimal critical value of IL-22RA1 that reflected the survival relationship, and patients were divided into high and low IL-22RA1 groups based on this. The survival package was used to draw the overall survival curve and log-rank test was performed for inter group comparison. Recombinant IL-22 was used to treat human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and mouse lung adenocarcinoma LLC cells, with cells not treated with IL-22 as controls; Transwell assay was used to detect the number of migrating cells in each group; Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of ERK, AKT and STAT signaling pathways-related proteins, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and epithelial cadherin (E-cad) in each group of cells. The expression levels of these proteins in A549 cells and LLC cells were also measured after the addition of STAT3 inhibitor C188-9, AKT inhibitor MK-2206 and ERK inhibitor SCH772984. A lung metastasis model of LLC cells was constructed using 10 C57BL/6 mice, the mice were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group using simple randomization method. IL-22 neutralizing antibody (50 μg/mouse) and non-neutralizing control antibody (50 μg/mouse) were injected once every other day. On the 10th day, the mice were euthanized and dissected to count lung metastatic nodules. The metastatic lung tissue was stained with HE and the metastatic foci were counted. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells to immune cells in single cells prepared from metastatic lung tissue. Results:The flow cytometry analysis showed that the proportion of IL-22 + CD4 + T cells in T cells (labeled with CD3 and CD45) in 27 clinically collected lung adenocarcinoma tissues [ M ( Q1, Q3)] was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues [0.28% (0.04%, 1.00%) vs. 0.01% (0.00%, 0.25%)]. The proportion of IL-22 + CD4 + T cells in lung adenocarcinoma tissues of patients with metastasis (9 cases) was higher than that of patients without metastasis (18 cases) [1.06% (0.49%, 4.72%) vs. 0.15% (0.00%, 0.35%)], and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.01). Western blotting analysis showed that the relative expression level of IL-22RA1 protein in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (1.03±0.25 vs. 0.35±0.10), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The overall survival of the IL-22RA1 low expression group in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was better than that of the IL-22RA1 high expression group in the TCGA database and GEO databases GSE42127, GSE29016 and GSE26939 datasets, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.001). Transwell assay showed that A549 cells [(744±40) cells, (770±64) cells vs. (403±42) cells] and LLC cells [(167±39) cells, (246±80) cells vs. (31±5) cells] treated with 100 and 200 ng/ml IL-22 for 24 hours had fewer migration numbers than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.01). Western blotting analysis showed that during treatment with 100 ng/ml recombinant IL-22 for 15-1 440 minutes, the levels of p-STAT3, p-ERK and p-AKT proteins in A549 and LLC cells were higher than those in the control group, while there was no difference in the levels of E-cad and MMP-9 proteins between the two groups. After the combined treatment of recombinant IL-22 and STAT3, AKT or ERK inhibitor, the corresponding levels of p-STAT3, p-AKT and p-ERK proteins in A549 and LLC cells were similar to those in cells without inhibitor and recombinant IL-22 treatment, but significantly lower than those in cells treated with recombinant IL-22 alone. In the dissected lung tissues of mice lung metastasis models, the experimental group had fewer metastatic lung nodules than the control group (2.3±0.6 vs. 7.0±2.0), and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 3.88, P = 0.018). In the morphological observation of lung metastasis tissues, the experimental group had fewer metastatic lesions than the control group (1.8±0.8 vs. 5.4±1.1), and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 5.69, P < 0.001). Flow cytometry analysis showed that the proportion of CD8 + T cells in immune cells in the lung tissues of mice in the experimental group (labeled with CD45) was higher than that in the control group [(27±5)% vs. (15±5)%], and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 3.01, P = 0.040). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of CD4 + T cells in immune cells between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:The expression levels of IL-22 and its receptor IL-22RA1 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues are higher than those in adjacent normal tissues, and the high expression level of IL-22RA1 in cancer tissues may be associated with poor prognosis of patients; on the one hand, IL-22 may promote the migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells by activating the ERK, AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways, and on the other hand, it may promote lung adenocarcinoma metastasis by reducing CD8 + T cell infiltration in the immune microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma.

Bladder tumor within inguinal bladder hernia is rare. This article reports a case of a male patient who was admitted to hospital due to gross hematuria，accompanied by lower abdominal pain when straining to urinate for two months. Physical examination revealed a irreducible mass in the left inguinal region. Ultrasound and MRI examinations suggested an inguinal bladder hernia complicated by multiple bladder lesions. Cystoscopy revealed extensive tumors，and pathological examination indicated high-grade urothelial carcinoma with carcinoma in situ. PET-CT confirmed pelvic lymph node metastasis. The patient underwent three cycles of neoadjuvant therapy followed by laparoscopic radical cystectomy combined with hernia repair. There was no evidence of recurrence of the hernia or tumor after one year of follow-up.

Objective:To investigate the expression of interleukin (IL)-22 in lung adenocarcinoma and its effect and possible mechanism for lung adenocarcinoma metastasis.Methods:The cancer tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues (>2 cm from the tumor edge) surgically removed from 27 lung adenocarcinoma patients in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital from January to June 2023 were retrospectively collected. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression levels of IL-22 in T cells of all tissues, and the expression levels of IL-22 in T cells were compared between cancer and adjacent tissues, as well as between lung cancer tissues of patients with and without lymph node metastasis. The cancer tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues were retrospectively collected from 6 patients with lung adenocarcinoma during the same period, and the expression level of IL-22 receptor IL-22RA1 in the tissues was detected by Western blotting. IL-22RA1 transcriptome data from cancer tissues of lung adenocarcinoma patients in 3 datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were collected. Using the R software survminer package to select the optimal critical value of IL-22RA1 that reflected the survival relationship, and patients were divided into high and low IL-22RA1 groups based on this. The survival package was used to draw the overall survival curve and log-rank test was performed for inter group comparison. Recombinant IL-22 was used to treat human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and mouse lung adenocarcinoma LLC cells, with cells not treated with IL-22 as controls; Transwell assay was used to detect the number of migrating cells in each group; Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of ERK, AKT and STAT signaling pathways-related proteins, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and epithelial cadherin (E-cad) in each group of cells. The expression levels of these proteins in A549 cells and LLC cells were also measured after the addition of STAT3 inhibitor C188-9, AKT inhibitor MK-2206 and ERK inhibitor SCH772984. A lung metastasis model of LLC cells was constructed using 10 C57BL/6 mice, the mice were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group using simple randomization method. IL-22 neutralizing antibody (50 μg/mouse) and non-neutralizing control antibody (50 μg/mouse) were injected once every other day. On the 10th day, the mice were euthanized and dissected to count lung metastatic nodules. The metastatic lung tissue was stained with HE and the metastatic foci were counted. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells to immune cells in single cells prepared from metastatic lung tissue. Results:The flow cytometry analysis showed that the proportion of IL-22 + CD4 + T cells in T cells (labeled with CD3 and CD45) in 27 clinically collected lung adenocarcinoma tissues [ M ( Q1, Q3)] was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues [0.28% (0.04%, 1.00%) vs. 0.01% (0.00%, 0.25%)]. The proportion of IL-22 + CD4 + T cells in lung adenocarcinoma tissues of patients with metastasis (9 cases) was higher than that of patients without metastasis (18 cases) [1.06% (0.49%, 4.72%) vs. 0.15% (0.00%, 0.35%)], and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.01). Western blotting analysis showed that the relative expression level of IL-22RA1 protein in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (1.03±0.25 vs. 0.35±0.10), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The overall survival of the IL-22RA1 low expression group in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was better than that of the IL-22RA1 high expression group in the TCGA database and GEO databases GSE42127, GSE29016 and GSE26939 datasets, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.001). Transwell assay showed that A549 cells [(744±40) cells, (770±64) cells vs. (403±42) cells] and LLC cells [(167±39) cells, (246±80) cells vs. (31±5) cells] treated with 100 and 200 ng/ml IL-22 for 24 hours had fewer migration numbers than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.01). Western blotting analysis showed that during treatment with 100 ng/ml recombinant IL-22 for 15-1 440 minutes, the levels of p-STAT3, p-ERK and p-AKT proteins in A549 and LLC cells were higher than those in the control group, while there was no difference in the levels of E-cad and MMP-9 proteins between the two groups. After the combined treatment of recombinant IL-22 and STAT3, AKT or ERK inhibitor, the corresponding levels of p-STAT3, p-AKT and p-ERK proteins in A549 and LLC cells were similar to those in cells without inhibitor and recombinant IL-22 treatment, but significantly lower than those in cells treated with recombinant IL-22 alone. In the dissected lung tissues of mice lung metastasis models, the experimental group had fewer metastatic lung nodules than the control group (2.3±0.6 vs. 7.0±2.0), and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 3.88, P = 0.018). In the morphological observation of lung metastasis tissues, the experimental group had fewer metastatic lesions than the control group (1.8±0.8 vs. 5.4±1.1), and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 5.69, P < 0.001). Flow cytometry analysis showed that the proportion of CD8 + T cells in immune cells in the lung tissues of mice in the experimental group (labeled with CD45) was higher than that in the control group [(27±5)% vs. (15±5)%], and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 3.01, P = 0.040). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of CD4 + T cells in immune cells between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:The expression levels of IL-22 and its receptor IL-22RA1 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues are higher than those in adjacent normal tissues, and the high expression level of IL-22RA1 in cancer tissues may be associated with poor prognosis of patients; on the one hand, IL-22 may promote the migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells by activating the ERK, AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways, and on the other hand, it may promote lung adenocarcinoma metastasis by reducing CD8 + T cell infiltration in the immune microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects and difference in the effects of Arisaematis Rhizoma （AR） before and after processing （i.e.， Arisaematis Rhizoma Preparatum， ARP） with Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens-Alumen on allergic asthma in rats and to provide a basis for the theory of processing improving the efficacy. MethodA rat model of allergic asthma was established in 70 SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin （OVA）-aluminum hydroxide. The rats were administrated with the aqueous extracts of AR （1.2， 0.3 g∙kg^-1） and ARP （1.2， 0.3 g∙kg^-1） aqueous extracts by gavage， and montelukast sodium （0.001 g∙kg^-1） was used as the positive drug. The T helper cell type 1/type 2 （Th1/Th2） ratio in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and percentages of inflammatory cells in BALF were determined. Polymerase chain reaction （PCR） was employed to determine the mRNA level of mucin 5AC （MUC5AC） in the lung tissue. The pathological changes in the lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and PAS staining. Immunohistochemical assay was employed to measure the expression of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase （JNK）， extracellular signal regulated protein kinase （ERK）， and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK） in rat lung tissue. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of ERK， p-ERK， JNK， p-JNK， p38， p-p38 in the lung tissue. The effects of AR and ARP were compared based on overall desirability. ResultCompared with the blank group， the levels of interleukin-12 （IL-12） and γ interferon （IFN-γ） in serum and BALF of rats in the model group were significantly lower （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the levels of interleukin-4 （IL-4）， interleukin-5 （IL-5） and interleukin-13 （IL-13） were significantly higher （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the serum and BALF contents of IL-12 and IFN-γ in rats in the montelukast sodium group， high-dose AR group and high-dose ARP group were significantly higher （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the contents of IL-4， IL-5 and IL-13 were significantly lower （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the serum contents of IFN-γ in rats in the low-dose AR group and low-dose ARP group were in BALF was significantly higher （P<0.05） and IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly lower （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the percentages of macrophages， lymphocytes， neutrophils， and eosinophils were reduced in BALF， and the expression of JNK/ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway and MUC5AC protein was inhibited in lung tissues. Overall assessment of the normalized analysis revealed that the ARP group was slightly more potent than the AR group after administration of the same dose. ConclusionAR and ARP can effectively treat allergic asthma by inhibiting JNK/ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway， and the effect is better after concoction， which can provide data support for its "concoction efficiency".

BACKGROUND:At present,the traditional powder sintering method is easy to introduce impurities in the process of preparing porous titanium,and the manufacturing of porous titanium still faces two major problems:impurity pollution and difficult control of the material forming process. OBJECTIVE:To prepare pure porous titanium with certain porosity,and analyze the microstructure evolution and properties of the porous titanium. METHODS:Porous titanium was prepared at a low energy density by selective laser melting technology.The parameter range of porous titanium with large porosity was obtained by measuring the porosity of the formed specimen,and the evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the specimen in the range were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)With the increase in energy density,the porosity of the porous titanium specimen decreased gradually.When the energy density was between 10.61 and 27.78 J/mm3,porous titanium with a porosity of 11.23%-33.67%could be formed.When the energy density was between 27.78-37.88 J/mm3,the forming parts were relatively dense.(2)The phase composition of porous titanium formed was mainly α titanium.With the increase in energy density,the porosity gradually decreased,and the pore morphology changed from irregularly connected pores to closed nearly spherical pores.The powder particles changed from a slightly sintered neck to a continuous fuse.The CT scan results revealed that there were a large number of connected pores in the forming specimen with a large specific surface area and the pore radius was roughly distributed between 2-6 μm at the energy density of 10.61 J/mm3.Simultaneously,porous titanium with compressive strength of 188-1 000 MPa could be obtained at the energy density of 10.61-27.78 J/mm3,which could meet the requirements of biomedical applications.(3)These results have confirmed that the selective laser melting technology can overcome the problems of impurity pollution and long manufacturing cycle caused by the traditional preparation process,and provide an effective solution for the preparation of porous titanium with excellent mechanical properties.

OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation between changes in intestinal toxicity and changes in component composition of the Mongolian medicine Euphorbiae pekinensis Radix(EPR)before and after processing with milk.METHODS Mice were given 95%ethanol extract of raw EPR,milk-processed EPR and water-processed EPR by gavage.The purgative effect and intestinal inflam-matory toxicity changes of EPR before and after milk processing were investigated using the fecal water content and the levels of inflam-matory factors TNF-α and IL-1β in each intestinal segment of mice as indicators;LC-MS/MS was used to analyze the composition changes of the 95%alcohol extract of EPR before and after milk processing.RESULTS Compared with the blank group,the raw and water processed products of EPR could significantly increase the water content of mouse feces and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in each intestinal segment(P＜0.05);compared with the raw product group,all indicators in the milk processing group were significantly reduced(P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference in the water processing group,indicating that water processing cannot at-tenuate toxicity,and the auxiliary material milk is the key auxiliary material to reduce the toxicity of EPR.Mass spectrometry analysis results showed that a total of 50 components were identified in EPR,including 38 terpenoid components,6 phenolic acid components,and 6 other components.The content of each component decreased to varying degrees after milk processing.Principal component analy-sis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)were performed on the mass spectrum data of raw ma-terials and products,and it was found that the components of raw materials and products can be obviously clustered into 2 categories.13 differential components of raw materials and products were screened through t test,and 11 of which were terpene compo-nents,indicating that the composition of terpene components changed significantly after milk processing.17 components derived from EPR were detected in the residual liquid of milk excipients after processing,of which 16 were terpenoids,indicating that the terpenoid components of EPR were transferred to the excipient milk during the soaking and processing processes.CONCLUSION The toxicity of EPR is reduced and the purgative effect is alleviated after milk processing.The attenuation mechanism may be that during the milk soaking and processing processes,terpenoid components are transferred to the milk,and the content of toxic components in the decoc-tion pieces is reduced,thereby reducing the toxicity.

The grading of evidence is an important factor in clinical decision-making. The current evidence grading system based on western medicine is limited in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， therefore we propose the solutions to the development of grading system for TCM interventional evidence， following the international evidence grading standards， taking into considerations of the unique characteristics of TCM practice， based on the Grades of recommendation， assessment， development and evaluation （GARDE） evaluation system， and integrating with grading system regarding TCM classical literature and empirical evidence from modern famous doctors. The evidence from classical literature is suggested to be evaluated from three aspects including source of ancient medical records， comprehensive of treatment details， and the inheritance. The qualification of famous doctors， content integrity， and inheritance of experiences will be used to evaluate the evidence from famous doctors' experience. The multi-sourced evidence such as TCM classical literature， experience of modern famous doctors， and modern researches is mainly integrated in a qualitative way， and the overall level of evidence of TCM interventions will be graded consistently with the GRADE system based on modern research. The evidence from classical literature and modern famous doctors' experience will be assessed and considered as supplementary evidence， which will make the evaluation of clinical evidence more objectively and comprehensively， thereby guiding clinical practice further.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of bladder cancer treatment by using Scutellaria barbata and Codonopsis pilosula drug pair through network pharmacology. Methods:The drug composition of the drug pair was screened using TCMSP, and their action targets were predicted using Swiss Target Prediction. GeneCards was used to obtain disease targets of bladder cancer, and venny 2.1 was used to obtain intersection targets. PPI analysis was performed using STRING, and a network diagram was constructed using Cytoscape. GO and KEGG analysis were conducted using Metascape. A drug-target-pathway network map was constructed using Cytoscape software. Nude mice were randomly divided into a model group and a treatment group to establish a bladder cancer mouse model. On the 8th day after model formation, the mice in the model group were administered intragastrically with a dose of 342.86 mg/kg, 0.2 ml, twice/day. On the 28th day after modeling, the tumor size of nude mice was measured. Prostaglandin G/H Synthetase 2 (PTGS2), PTGS1, Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2 (NCOA2), Retinoic Acid X Receptor α (RXRA), Progesterone Receptor (PGR), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 (MAPK1), Reticuloendothelial Proliferation virus oncogene homology A (RELA), and Akt1 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:The results show that 45 active components of the drug pair directly acted on 187 disease targets through multiple pathways to treat bladder cancer, in which Quercetin, luteolin, wogonin, 7-Methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone, baicalein, beta-sitosterol, Stigmastero, and other core ingredients, as well as PTGS2, PTGS1, NCOA2, RXRA, PGR, MAPK1, RELA, and Akt1 are critical targets. The results of gene function annotation analysis show that the biological processes most likely related to crossover genes mainly involved responses to hormones, cell responses to lipids, responses to foreign stimuli, and responses to bacterial molecules. The cell components mainly involves transcription regulatory complexes, membrane rafts, membrane microregions, and RNA polymerase Ⅱ transcriptional regulatory complexes, etc. The molecular functions mainly involve transcription factor binding, DNA-binding transcription factor binding, RNA polymerase Ⅱ specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding, nuclear receptor activity, ligand-activated transcription factor activity, etc. The results of pathway enrichment analysis suggests that the main signaling pathways are AGE-RAGE, IL-17, PI3K-Akt, TNF, MAPK, HIF-1, apoptosis, p53, toll-like receptor, etc. Animal experiments show that the Scutellaria barbata and Codonopsis pilosula drug pair can significantly improve tumor size and also improve the expression levels of PTGS2, PTGS1, NCOA2, RXRA, PGR, MAPK1, RELA, and Akt1. Conclusions:The Scutellaria barbata and Codonopsis pilosula drug pair can regulate PTGS2, PTGS1, NCOA2, RXRA, PGR, MAPK1, RELA, and Akt1 and other diseases mainly through the regulation of AGE-RAGE, IL-17, PI3K-Akt, TNF, MAPK, HIF-1, apoptosis, p53, toll-like receptor, and other signaling pathways. Targeting enzyme activity and cell apoptosis can treat bladder cancer by regulating these biological processes.

Objective: To investigate the current prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among residents living in Nanchuan District, Chongqing Municipality, so as to provide the evidence for formulating LTBI control measures. Methods: The residents living in one street and one township from Nanchuan District were randomly selected using the multistage cluster sampling method during the period between January and April, 2020, and their demographic information, smoking history, history of alcohol consumption, history of contacts with tuberculosis patients and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin ( BCG ) vaccination scars were collected. The infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected using interferon gamma release assay ( IGRA ), and a positive IGRA test and exclusion of active tuberculosis was defined as LTBI. The prevalence of LTBI was descriptively analyzed among the study subjects. Results: Totally 1 000 residents were recruited, including 381 males and 619 females, with a male to female ratio of 0.62∶1. The mean age was ( 45.87±18.40 ) years. Among all participants, there were 222 smokers ( 22.20% ), 247 subjects consuming alcohol (24.70%), 62 subjects with a history of contacts with tuberculosis patients ( 6.20% ) and 904 subjects with BCG scars ( 90.40% ). A total of 198 residents were diagnosed with LTBI (19.80% prevalence), and a higher prevalence rate of LTBI was seen in men than in women ( 23.36% vs. 17.61%; χ2=4.911, P=0.027 ). The prevalence of LTBI was significantly higher in married/divorced/widowed residents than in unmarried residents ( 24.22% vs. 2.01%; χ2=49.514, P<0.001 ), and significantly greater prevalence was found in smokers than in non-smokers ( 27.93% vs. 17.48%; χ2=11.871, P=0.001 ). The prevalence of LTBI appeared a tendency towards a rise with age ( χ2trend=59.100, P<0.001 ) and body mass index ( χ2trend=9.479, P=0.002 ). Conclusions The prevalence of LTBI is high among residents living in Nanchuan District, notably among elder, male smokers with high body mass index. Risk monitoring and timely interventions are required.