Objective:To explore the effects of peripheral nerve injury(PNI)on neuropathic pain(NP)and memo-ry function in mice,as well as the activation of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus(PVT)of the thalamus,so as to provide a basis for studying the relationship between NP and memory impairment.Methods:Twenty one 8-week-old male C57 BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham group and experimental group,and the routine spared nerve inju-ry(SNI)was constructed in the mice of experimental group.The pain behavior and memory impairment of mice after SNI were evaluated with hot plate and eight-arm maze behavioral tests.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to an-alyze the correlation between pain behavior and memory impairment.The c-FOS expression in PVT was detected with immuno-staining.Results:Compared with the sham group,the heat pain threshold of mice in the experimental group was significantly reduced(P＜0.001).The results of the eight-arm maze test showed that the total rest time was signifi-cantly increased(P＜0.001),and the working memory error was increased from 1 to 4 days after SNI(P＜0.01).Correlation analysis indicated that early working memory errors were negatively correlated with heat pain threshold after SNI(P＜0.001).The immunofluorescence revealed that the number of c-FOS positive cells in PVT increased signifi-cantly(P＜0.001).Conclusion:SNI can cause abnormal pain behavior and memory impairment in mice,and cause neuronal activation in PVT.This study provides a basis for neurons in PVT to participate in the regulation of memory impairment in the context of NP.

Objective:To explore the effects of peripheral nerve injury(PNI)on neuropathic pain(NP)and memo-ry function in mice,as well as the activation of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus(PVT)of the thalamus,so as to provide a basis for studying the relationship between NP and memory impairment.Methods:Twenty one 8-week-old male C57 BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham group and experimental group,and the routine spared nerve inju-ry(SNI)was constructed in the mice of experimental group.The pain behavior and memory impairment of mice after SNI were evaluated with hot plate and eight-arm maze behavioral tests.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to an-alyze the correlation between pain behavior and memory impairment.The c-FOS expression in PVT was detected with immuno-staining.Results:Compared with the sham group,the heat pain threshold of mice in the experimental group was significantly reduced(P＜0.001).The results of the eight-arm maze test showed that the total rest time was signifi-cantly increased(P＜0.001),and the working memory error was increased from 1 to 4 days after SNI(P＜0.01).Correlation analysis indicated that early working memory errors were negatively correlated with heat pain threshold after SNI(P＜0.001).The immunofluorescence revealed that the number of c-FOS positive cells in PVT increased signifi-cantly(P＜0.001).Conclusion:SNI can cause abnormal pain behavior and memory impairment in mice,and cause neuronal activation in PVT.This study provides a basis for neurons in PVT to participate in the regulation of memory impairment in the context of NP.

Objective:To study the changes in visual function and its mechanism in mice with acute hepatic enceph-alopathy(AHE)model.Method:Twelve male mice were divided into experimental and control groups,with six mice in each.A mouse model of AHE was created using TAA,and serum ALT,AST,and ammonia levels were measured using ELISA and colorimetric assays.Behavioral tests,including open-field and elevated cross maze experiments,were conducted,and neurological function scores were evaluated.HE staining was used to evaluate visual function scores in mice.Behavioural tests were conducted to assess neurological function scores.HE staining was used for pathological examination of the liver and retina.Visual electrophysiology was used to test visual function in both eyes.Retrograde tracer adeno-associated virus was used to label the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus(VL)of thalamus in c-Fos-CreERT2 mice.Results:Compared to the control group,the AHE mice had abnormal liver function and neurological changes.The HE results showed liver tissue damage.The retinal tissues were not significantly different from the control group.The visual electrophysiological results showed changes in visual function in both eyes of the AHE mice.The retrograde tracer virus injections revealed no significant difference in VL activation between the AHE model and the control group.In the AHE model,VL nucleus accumbens neurons primarily received input from ipsilateral visual cortical neurons.Conclusion:The visual deficits in AHE mice caused by TAA were primarily functional rather than organic changes,and were associated with the activation of the visual cortex-to-VL pathway.

Objective:To study the changes in visual function and its mechanism in mice with acute hepatic enceph-alopathy(AHE)model.Method:Twelve male mice were divided into experimental and control groups,with six mice in each.A mouse model of AHE was created using TAA,and serum ALT,AST,and ammonia levels were measured using ELISA and colorimetric assays.Behavioral tests,including open-field and elevated cross maze experiments,were conducted,and neurological function scores were evaluated.HE staining was used to evaluate visual function scores in mice.Behavioural tests were conducted to assess neurological function scores.HE staining was used for pathological examination of the liver and retina.Visual electrophysiology was used to test visual function in both eyes.Retrograde tracer adeno-associated virus was used to label the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus(VL)of thalamus in c-Fos-CreERT2 mice.Results:Compared to the control group,the AHE mice had abnormal liver function and neurological changes.The HE results showed liver tissue damage.The retinal tissues were not significantly different from the control group.The visual electrophysiological results showed changes in visual function in both eyes of the AHE mice.The retrograde tracer virus injections revealed no significant difference in VL activation between the AHE model and the control group.In the AHE model,VL nucleus accumbens neurons primarily received input from ipsilateral visual cortical neurons.Conclusion:The visual deficits in AHE mice caused by TAA were primarily functional rather than organic changes,and were associated with the activation of the visual cortex-to-VL pathway.

Objective:To research and design a negative pressure environment that can be applied in container type of biological isolation shelter,so as to meet the stable negative pressure environment and dynamic intelligent regulation of pressure difference in the container during multimodal transportation,especially under air freight conditions.Methods:The design specifications and research achievements of pressure differences of negative pressure isolation equipment for infectious diseases at home and abroad were comprehensively analyzed.And then,one kind of power-distributed ventilation system without air duct was designed to achieve.The preseted pressure redundancy,real-time monitoring of sensors and dynamic follow-up of pressure were used to realize stable and intelligent regulation of negative pressure within the container during air freight.Results:After testing,the pressure differences of each region of the"three regions and two channels"included clean region,buffer region,contamination region,medical staff passage and patient passage within container type of biological isolation shelter under the negative pressure environment could meet the preseted requirements.The values of pressure differences at the outside of room of clean region,the toilet of clean region,the toilet of clean region of the second dressing room of the buffer region,the contamination region of the first dressing room of the buffer region,the toilet of contamination region and the outside of the room of contamination region were respectively 34.2,38.8,-8.0,-31.7,-15.1 and-44.6.The conditions of the pressure differences within each region of container,which dynamically met the requirements of Biosafety Level-Ⅲ(BSL-3)laboratory,were tested through the sensors,and intelligent display and control equipment that deployed inside of container.Conclusion:The stable negative pressure environment and intelligent regulation for pressure difference in each region of the container can take container to have more high biosafety characteristics,which can effectively ensure the safe transportation of whole region for patients with severe infectious diseases,and the transport and treatment under air freight condition.

Objective:To understand the knowledge and skills of professional technicians in prevention and control of parasitic diseases in Shandong Province, and to provide a basis for further capacity building.Methods:On October 12 and 13, 2017, five professional technicians from each of 17 prefectures and cities in Shandong Province participated in the "Shandong Province Parasitic Diseases Prevention and Control Job Skills Competition in 2017". This competition included theoretical knowledge examination (written test) and operation skill examination (operation test). The written test included basic knowledge of parasites life history, pathogen, diagnosis, epidemic and prevention; the operation test included blood smear making, Kato-Katz thick smear making, microscopic examination of Plasmodium and Helminth eggs. The competition results of the competitors were statistically analyzed, and the pass rate, correct answer rate and accuracy of microscopic examination were calculated. According to the report of malaria cases from 2010 to 2017, 17 prefectures and cities in Shandong Province were divided into malaria classⅠreport area (≥100 cases) and malaria classⅡreport area (< 100 cases), and the competition results of the two types of areas were compared. Results:A total of 85 competitors in Shandong Province participated in the competition, including 19 males (22.35%) and 66 females (77.65%); the age was (34.67±6.04) years old, the youngest was 25 years old, and the oldest was 51 years old. The scores of written test and operation test were (67.06±12.73) and (59.31±14.23) points, respectively, and the difference between them was statistically significant ( t=4.949, P < 0.01). The pass rate of written test was 74.12% (63/85); the correct answer rates of morphology, life history, pathogenicity, diagnosis, epidemic and prevention were 71.76% (366/510), 71.61% (913/1 275), 67.94% (462/680), 71.18% (847/1 190), 66.91% (455/680) and 65.76% (1 062/1 615), respectively, there was statistically significant difference in the correct answer rates of different knowledge points (χ 2=18.185, P < 0.01). The pass rate of operation test was 55.29% (47/85); among them, the pass rates of blood smear making, Kato-Katz thick smear making, microscopic examination of Plasmodium and Helminth eggs were 98.82% (84/85), 98.82% (84/85), 70.59% (60/85) and 31.76% (27/85), respectively. Four Plasmodium species were examined, and the overall accuracy of microscopic examination was 61.41% (261/425), there was no statistically significant difference in the accuracy of microscopic examination between different Plasmodium species (χ 2=4.791, P > 0.05). Nine common Helminth eggs were examined, and the overall accuracy of microscopic examination was 47.29% (402/850), there was statistically significant difference in the accuracy of microscopic examination between different Helminth eggs (χ 2=180.064, P < 0.01). The scores [(28.27±3.74) and (23.20±3.39) points, n=30] of microscopic examination of Plasmodium and Helminth eggs in the malaria classⅠ report area were higher than those in the malaria classⅡreport area [(22.40±5.81) and (18.25±3.41) points, n=55], and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.217, 2.860, P < 0.05). Conclusions:For professional technicians, the mastery of theoretical knowledge in prevention and control of parasitic diseases is better than operation skills in Shandong Province. So the training and assessment of prevention and control skills of parasitic diseases should be strengthened in areas with weak abilities.

Objective:To understand epidemiological characteristics of imported cases of malaria in Shandong province and provide scientific basis for timely adjustment of prevention and control measures.Methods:The incidence data of malaria, case investigation data and case review data by Shandong Provincial Reference Laboratory for Malaria Diagnosis from 2017 to 2018 were collected. Software SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis and software QGIS 2.18 was used for mapping.Results:A total of 442 imported cases of malaria were reported in Shandong from 2017 to 2018, and the main infection source was in Africa (97.96%, 433/442). All the 17 prefectures in Shandong reported imported malaria cases, mainly in Jining (88 cases), Yantai (65 cases), Weihai (46 cases), Qingdao (44 cases) and Dezhou (42 cases), accounting for 64.48% (285/442). The cases were distributed in 77.37%(106/137) of counties of the province. The cases were reported in every month without seasonal characteristics. The median ( M) of time interval between onset and the first medical care seeking was 2 days, and the interquartile range ( IQR) was 3 days. The M of time interval between the first medical care seeking and final diagnosis was 0 day, and the IQR was 3 days. The proportion of medical care seeking on onset day was only 27.83% (123/442). Only 69.68% (308/442) of cases were diagnosed with malaria in the first medical care seeking, and the diagnostic accuracy of medical institutions below the county level was lower than other medical institutions (all P<0.01). Only 51.13% (226/442) of cases were diagnosed with malaria in the first medical care seeking, the differences in the rates among medical institutions at different levels were not significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The imported malaria in Shandong was characterized by a large number of cases, multiple infection sources and wide area distribution during 2017-2018. The awareness of timely medical care seeking in the cases was low, meanwhile the awareness and ability of malaria diagnosis and treatment in primary medical institutions were still inadequate. It is necessary to adjust the prevention and control measures accordingly.

Objective:To explore the difference between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its influencing factors between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and osteoarthritis (OA) patients.Methods:2 024 patients with RA were selected as the experimental group inthe First Central Hospital of Tianjin from January 1, 2014 to March 12, 2019. A total of 1 271 patients with OA who were treated at the same time served as the control group.Relevant indicators were measured, and correlation analysis was performed using logistic regression.Results:The prevalence of MetS in the past six years did not differ significantly inpatients with RA ( χ2=5.77, P=0.06) and OA ( χ2=1.11, P=0.57). MetS risk factors were more prevalent inpatients with OA, and the prevalence of MetS in patients with OA was also higher than patients with RA ( χ2=19.07, P<0.01). In logistic regression model, the prevalence of MetS was positively correlated with body weight {RA: 1.14[(95% CI(1.10, 1.18), P<0.01]; OA: 1.11[95% CI(1.07, 1.16), P<0.01]}, blood levels of triglyceride {RA:2.64[95% CI(1.58, 4.40), P<0.01] and OA: 2.91[95% CI(1.32, 6.43), P=0.01]}, and glucose {RA:1.67[95% CI(1.42, 1.97), P<0.01] and OA: 1.76[95% CI(1.31, 2.35), P<0.01]}, and negatively correlated with blood level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol{RA: 0.09[95% CI(0.02, 0.32), P<0.01] and OA: 0.03[95% CI(0.01, 0.25), P<0.01]} in patients with RA and OA. MetS risk factors such as serum creatinine (Scr) only presented in RA patients 1.04 [ OR: 95% CI(1.01, 1.06), P<0.01]. Conclusion:The prevalence of MetS did not decrease in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis in the past six years, and OA patients havea greater risk of MetS.

Objective:To examine the associations between serum magnesium (Mg) concentration and metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes (DM), hypertension (HTN), hyperuricemia (HU) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.Methods:From June 29, 2013 to February 29, 2019, 1 009 RA patients were collected at Tianjin First Central Hospital. The Mg concentration, clinical and laboratory indicators, living habits and medication were collected. The multivariate adjusted Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between Mg and MetS, DM, HTN, and HU.Results:Compared with the lowest quintile serum magnesium, In the MetS regression analysis, OR and 95% CI were 0.26 [95% CI(0.09, 0.76), P=0.01)], 0.17 [95% CI (0.06, 0.47), P<0.01], 0.27 [95% CI(0.09, 0.76), CI=0.01], and 0.22 [95% CI(0.09, 0.58), P<0.01], in second, third, fourth, and fifth (highest) quantiles of serum Mg, respectively, P for trend <0.01. In DM regression analysis, after adjusting for multiple potential confounders in Model 2, OR and 95% CI were 0.58 [95% CI (0.35, 0.96), P=0.03], and 0.51 [95% CI (0.29, 0.89), P=0.02], in third and fifth quantiles of the serum Mg, respectively, P for trend =0.01. But in model 3 this correlation disappears. HTN and HU were not associated with serum Mg ( P>0.05), P for trend >0.05. Conclusion:There was a negative correlation between serum Mg concentration and MetS in RA patients, But no correlation with HTN, HU. After adjusting the glomerular filtration rate, the negative correlation between serum Mg and DM also disappeared.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)]levels and parameters for left ventricular structure in elderly hypertensive patients.Methods:A total of 65 patients aged ≥65 years diagnosed with essential hypertension were enrolled in this retrospective analysis.Left atrial diameter dilation(LAD)was measured to evaluate the degree of cardiac involvement.According to the existence of LAD, patients were divided into the negative group(n=43)and the positive group(n=22). The differences in levels of blood lipids including Lp(a)and LAD as well as other echocardiographic indexes between the two groups were compared, and their correlations were analyzed.Results:Compared with the negative group, the duration of hypertension, LAD, and Lp(a)level increased in the positive group( P<0.05). LAD was correlated with age, duration of hypertension, left ventricular end diastolic diameter and Lp(a)level.The Lp(a)level was correlated with age and LAD( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that duration of hypertension( OR=1.060, 95% CI: 1.008-1.116)and Lp(a)level( OR=6.394, 95% CI: 1.038-39.396)were independent risk factors for LAD.The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of Lp(a)for LAD was 0.665(0.524, 0.806). Conclusions:Laboratory testing for serum lipoprotein(a) levels will help assess the degree of cardiac involvement in patients with hypertension and has practical value for the risk assessment of cardiac remodeling in elderly hypertensive patients.