The prescription of Qidong Yixin oral liquid is derived from the experience of national medical master Ren Jixue in treating viral myocarditis （VMC）. It has the functions of tonifying Qi， nourishing the heart，calming the mind， and relieving palpitations. It is used to treat VMC and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease caused by deficiency of both Qi and Yin. However，the understanding of its efficacy evidence， advantageous aspects， dosage and administration， and medication safety remains insufficient in clinical practice. Therefore，the development of the Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Qidong Yixin Oral Liquid （hereinafter referred to as consensus） was initiated. Consensus strictly followed the process and methods of the expert consensus on the clinical application of Chinese patent medicines of the China Association of Chinese Medicine，successively completing multiple tasks such as the consensus project initiation，determination of clinical problems，evidence search and evaluation，formation of recommendation opinions and consensus suggestions，solicitation of opinions，peer review， submission for review and release， and so on. Consensus formed a total of 10 recommendation opinions and 12 consensus suggestions，clarifying the clinical positioning，efficacy advantages，syndrome differentiation，dosage and administration，combination therapy，timing of medication，adverse reactions，contraindications， and precautions of Qidong Yixin oral liquid，indicating that it has good clinical advantages and safety in the treatment of VMC and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease，providing norms and references for physicians to safely and rationally apply Qidong Yixin oral liquid. Consensus was reviewed and approved for release by the Standardization Office of the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 23， 2024. Standard number：GSCACM-376-2024.

The Pharmacovigilance Guidelines for Clinical Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections （hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines） were released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， with the standard number T/CACM 1563.4—2024. It is the first specialized guideline in China on the approach to pharmacovigilance activities for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine injections （TCMIs）. The Guidelines were jointly developed by the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， along with 30 experts in TCM pharmacovigilance， clinical practice （TCM， as well as integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine），and evidence-based medicine from across the country. This publication filled the gap in standard documents in this field， both domestically and internationally. The Guidelines were formulated according to GB/T1.1—2020 Directives for standardization—Part 1： Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents， the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development，and other methodological norms. Based on international norms，national laws and regulations，and scientific research results in the field of pharmacovigilance， methods adopted included expert interviews，literature research，nominal group technique， and Delphi method. Then， key points for pharmacovigilance for TCM injections were summarized and clarified in the four critical sections of "monitoring"，"identification"，"assessment"，and "control". The development process of the Guidelines included project initiation， international registration， expert interviews， literature search， and evaluation. Based on the research results of these steps，a draft was formed and revised through multiple rounds of in-group expert discussion and peer evaluations by 56 external experts. After revisions by the working group based on the feedback， the final version was formed. The Guidelines came into effect on January 8，2024，providing suggestions and reference norms for pharmacovigilance in the clinical application of TCMIs. To further promote the application and popularization of the Guidelines and help pharmacovigilance personnel better understand the development process，this study elucidates the background，methodological framework，and key development steps of the Guidelines.

The Pharmacovigilance Guidelines for Clinical Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections （hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines） were released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， with the standard number T/CACM 1563.4—2024. It is the first specialized guideline in China on the approach to pharmacovigilance activities for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine injections （TCMIs）. The Guidelines were jointly developed by the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， along with 30 experts in TCM pharmacovigilance， clinical practice （TCM， as well as integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine），and evidence-based medicine from across the country. This publication filled the gap in standard documents in this field， both domestically and internationally. The Guidelines were formulated according to GB/T1.1—2020 Directives for standardization—Part 1： Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents， the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development，and other methodological norms. Based on international norms，national laws and regulations，and scientific research results in the field of pharmacovigilance， methods adopted included expert interviews，literature research，nominal group technique， and Delphi method. Then， key points for pharmacovigilance for TCM injections were summarized and clarified in the four critical sections of "monitoring"，"identification"，"assessment"，and "control". The development process of the Guidelines included project initiation， international registration， expert interviews， literature search， and evaluation. Based on the research results of these steps，a draft was formed and revised through multiple rounds of in-group expert discussion and peer evaluations by 56 external experts. After revisions by the working group based on the feedback， the final version was formed. The Guidelines came into effect on January 8，2024，providing suggestions and reference norms for pharmacovigilance in the clinical application of TCMIs. To further promote the application and popularization of the Guidelines and help pharmacovigilance personnel better understand the development process，this study elucidates the background，methodological framework，and key development steps of the Guidelines.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical efficacy and experience of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of pediatric patients with KMS who underwent ultrasound-guided RFA in Department of Hemangioma Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, between March 2018 and March 2024. Preoperative laboratory tests and imageological examination were performed. Under general anesthesia, the working tip of the RFA electrode needle was precisely reached the bottom of the lesion under ultrasound guidance. The electrode needle was then gradually withdrawn until the entire lesion area was covered by hyperechoic signals, indicating complete ablation. Postoperative symptomatic and supportive treatments, such as ice pack application and dressing changes, were administered to the surgical area. Platelet detection was performed immediately after the operation. Complications were closely monitored and regular follow-ups were carried out.Results:A total of 30 pediatric patients were included, comprising 14 males and 16 females, from 10 min to 5 months and 29 d after birth, with a median time of 6 d. Lesions were located in the limbs and trunk in 27 cases, and head and neck region in 3 cases, with lesion volumes ranged from 2.4 cm×2.3 cm×1.2 cm to 14.4 cm×9.3 cm×3.3 cm. The mean preoperative platelet count was 43×10 9/L, among them, the platelet values of 11 cases were (10-30) ×10 9/L, and those of 6 cases were lower than 10×10 9/L, other 13 cases with progressive thrombocytopenia. All patients successfully underwent RFA, achieving complete lesion ablation and normalization of platelet counts postoperatively. Platelet counts recovered to above 300×10 9/L in 15 patients, with no severe complications observed. The RFA area became slightly hardened within 7 d postoperatively but gradually returned to normal after consistent dressing changes for 2 weeks. During the follow-up period of 6 months to 2 years, complete lesion ablation was confirmed, with disappearance of the mass, no recurrence, good local function, mild local scar formation, and satisfactory cosmetic appearance. Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided RFA for KMS has advantages of favorable therapeutic outcomes, minimal tissue damage, no significant complications, and satisfactory cosmetic result.

As a patented characteristic medicine of Yi ethnic minority， Pingxuan capsules have the effects of nourishing the liver and kidney， pacifying the liver， and subduing Yang. With the main indications of dizziness， headache， palpitations， tinnitus， insomnia， dreaminess， waist and knee soreness caused by liver-kidney deficiency and liver Yang upward disturbance， Pingxuan capsules are widely used in the treatment of posterior circulation ischemic vertigo， vestibular migraine， benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. However， the current knowledge is limited regarding the efficacy， syndrome differentiation， and safety of this medicine. On the basis of summarizing the experience of clinicians and the existing evidence， this study invites clinical experts of traditional Chinese and Western medicine， pharmaceutical experts， and methodological experts from relevant fields across China to conduct evidence-based evaluation of Pingxuan capsules. The evaluation follows the Specifications for the Development of Clinical Expert Consensus on Chinese Patent Medicines issued by the Standardization Office of the China Association of Chinese Medicine， and reaches 5 recommendations and 16 consensus suggestions. The consensus clarifies the clinical applications， efficacy， dose， course of treatment， combination of medicines， precautions， and contraindications of Pingxuan capsules in the treatment of vertigo and explains the safety of clinical application. This consensus is applicable to clinicians （traditional Chinese medicine， Western medicine， and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine） and pharmacists in tertiary hospitals， secondary hospitals， and community-level medical and health institutions across China， providing a reference for the rational use of Pingxuan capsules in the treatment of vertigo. It is hoped that the promotion of this consensus can facilitate the rational use of drugs in clinical practice， reduce the risk of drug use， and give full play to the advantages of Pingxuan capsules in the treatment of vertigo diseases. This consensus has been reviewed and published by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， with the number GS/CACM330-2023.

Osteoarthritis （OA） and stroke are common clinical diseases that reduce patients' quality of life and place a burden on families and society. Ruyi Zhenbaowan， a classic prescription in Tibetan medicine， have the functions of clearing heat， awakening the brain and opening orifices， relaxing tendons and promoting meridian circulation， and eliminating yellow water. Clinically， they are used to treat osteoarthritis， post-stroke sequelae， neuropathic pain， and other related conditions. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated their anti-inflammatory， analgesic， and nerve-repairing effects. However， current research remains insufficient regarding the appropriate indications， timing， and efficacy of this medicine in treating relevant diseases. To enhance clinicians' understanding of this medicine and promote its standardized and rational clinical use， a panel of national experts， including clinical specialists， Tibetan medicine practitioners， pharmacologists， and methodologists， formulated this consensus based on clinical experience and evidence-based practice. The Cochrane systematic review framework， the Grading of Recommendations Assessment， Development and Evaluation （GRADE） system， and the nominal group method were employed to generate seven graded recommendations and 19 consensus-based suggestions. These recommendations clearly define the key points in the clinical application of Ruyi Zhenbaowan， including therapeutic indications， dosage and administration， treatment duration， and medication safety. The consensus specifically addresses the clinical efficacy， appropriate timing of administration， dosage strategies， treatment cycles， and combination medication strategies for treating osteoarthritis and stroke and provides an overview of safety considerations. The aim is to provide standardized guidance for hospitals and healthcare institutions nationwide to ensure the rational application of Ruyi Zhenbaowan in the treatment of osteoarthritis and stroke， reduce medication-related risks， and further leverage its clinical advantages. This consensus has been approved and issued by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， with the standard number GS/CACM 369-2024.

Objectives:To observe the efficacy of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(MIS-TLIF)under microscope via fixed channel in the treatment of patients with double segment lumbar spondylolisthesis,and analyze its impact on lumbar stability and complications.Methods:108 patients with bilateral lumbar spondylolisthesis admitted and treated in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected as the study subjects in this prospective study.Using a random number table,the patients were divided into two groups:conventional group(n=53,29 males and 24 females,53.23±4.30 years old)and microscope group(n=55,28 males and 27 females,53.45±4.28 years old).The patients in the conventional group underwent MIS-TLIF via fixed channel through conventional approach,and patients in the microscope group received MIS-TLIF via fixed channel under microscope.There was no significant difference between the two groups in baseline data(P＞0.05).The drainage volume and bleeding volume,fluoroscopy frequency,operative time and the occurrence of complications of the two groups of patients were recorded and compared.The clinical efficacy was evaluated using the modified MacNab scoring standard 6 months after operation.X-ray examinations were performed before operation,3 months and 6 months after operation,and the height of intervertebral space and spondylolisthesis angle were measured and compared to evaluate the stability of the lumbar spine;During the same period,Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score and Oswestry disability index(ODI)were used to evaluate and compare the lumbar dysfunction of the two groups of patients.The levels of C-reactive protein(CRP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and creatine kinase(CK)in the two groups of patients were detected and compared by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)before operation,3d,and 6d after operation to evaluate inflammatory factors.Results:Compared with the conventional group,the total excellent and good rate of the microscope group was higher(78.18％vs 60.38％,P＜0.05),and the drainage and bleeding volume were less(98.03±9.77mL vs 120.73±13.52mL and 113.42±11.03mL vs 142.69±15.72mL,P＜0.05),fluoroscopy frequency was fewer(6.71±0.58 vs 8.36±0.72,P＜0.05),operative time was shorter(123.59±13.58min vs 157.42±16.89min,P＜0.05),and complication rate were lower(3.64％vs 16.98％,P＜0.05).Before operation,the intervertebral space height,slip angle,JOA score,and ODI were comparable between the two groups(P＞0.05).At 3 and 6 months after operation,the intervertebral space height and JOA score increased,and the microscope group was higher(Postoperative 3 months:8.03±0.80mm vs 6.12±0.72mm,15.28±1.24 points vs 11.14±1.02 points;Postoperative 6 months,11.02±1.27mm vs 9.23±0.95mm,21.72±2.14 points vs 18.03±1.60 points,P＜0.05),while the slip angle and ODI score decreased,and the microscope group was lower(Postoperative 3 months:2.41°±0.28° vs 3.01°±0.32°,32.14±2.96 points vs 36.01±3.14 points;Postoperative 6 months:1.60°±0.16° vs 2.03°±0.25°,24.77±2.15 points vs 28.01±2.60 points,P＜0.05).Before operation and on 6d after operation,the levels of CRP,TNF-α,and CK were comparable between the two groups(P＞0.05);3d after operation,the levels of CRP,TNF-cc and CK in the microscope group were lower(6.01±0.75mg/L vs 8.23±0.93mg/L,23.01±2.01 pg/mL vs 29.36±2.57pg/mL,170.43±19.01U/L vs 205.72±30.89U/L,P＜0.05).Conclusions:Microscopically-assisted MIS-TLIF demonstrates excellent short-term efficacy in treating two-segment lumbar spondylolisthesis,which can significantly reduce complication risks.It effectively enhances postoperative lumbar stability,promotes functional recovery,and suppresses early inflammatory responses,making it a clinically valuable treatment option.

Objectives:To observe the efficacy of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(MIS-TLIF)under microscope via fixed channel in the treatment of patients with double segment lumbar spondylolisthesis,and analyze its impact on lumbar stability and complications.Methods:108 patients with bilateral lumbar spondylolisthesis admitted and treated in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected as the study subjects in this prospective study.Using a random number table,the patients were divided into two groups:conventional group(n=53,29 males and 24 females,53.23±4.30 years old)and microscope group(n=55,28 males and 27 females,53.45±4.28 years old).The patients in the conventional group underwent MIS-TLIF via fixed channel through conventional approach,and patients in the microscope group received MIS-TLIF via fixed channel under microscope.There was no significant difference between the two groups in baseline data(P＞0.05).The drainage volume and bleeding volume,fluoroscopy frequency,operative time and the occurrence of complications of the two groups of patients were recorded and compared.The clinical efficacy was evaluated using the modified MacNab scoring standard 6 months after operation.X-ray examinations were performed before operation,3 months and 6 months after operation,and the height of intervertebral space and spondylolisthesis angle were measured and compared to evaluate the stability of the lumbar spine;During the same period,Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score and Oswestry disability index(ODI)were used to evaluate and compare the lumbar dysfunction of the two groups of patients.The levels of C-reactive protein(CRP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and creatine kinase(CK)in the two groups of patients were detected and compared by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)before operation,3d,and 6d after operation to evaluate inflammatory factors.Results:Compared with the conventional group,the total excellent and good rate of the microscope group was higher(78.18％vs 60.38％,P＜0.05),and the drainage and bleeding volume were less(98.03±9.77mL vs 120.73±13.52mL and 113.42±11.03mL vs 142.69±15.72mL,P＜0.05),fluoroscopy frequency was fewer(6.71±0.58 vs 8.36±0.72,P＜0.05),operative time was shorter(123.59±13.58min vs 157.42±16.89min,P＜0.05),and complication rate were lower(3.64％vs 16.98％,P＜0.05).Before operation,the intervertebral space height,slip angle,JOA score,and ODI were comparable between the two groups(P＞0.05).At 3 and 6 months after operation,the intervertebral space height and JOA score increased,and the microscope group was higher(Postoperative 3 months:8.03±0.80mm vs 6.12±0.72mm,15.28±1.24 points vs 11.14±1.02 points;Postoperative 6 months,11.02±1.27mm vs 9.23±0.95mm,21.72±2.14 points vs 18.03±1.60 points,P＜0.05),while the slip angle and ODI score decreased,and the microscope group was lower(Postoperative 3 months:2.41°±0.28° vs 3.01°±0.32°,32.14±2.96 points vs 36.01±3.14 points;Postoperative 6 months:1.60°±0.16° vs 2.03°±0.25°,24.77±2.15 points vs 28.01±2.60 points,P＜0.05).Before operation and on 6d after operation,the levels of CRP,TNF-α,and CK were comparable between the two groups(P＞0.05);3d after operation,the levels of CRP,TNF-cc and CK in the microscope group were lower(6.01±0.75mg/L vs 8.23±0.93mg/L,23.01±2.01 pg/mL vs 29.36±2.57pg/mL,170.43±19.01U/L vs 205.72±30.89U/L,P＜0.05).Conclusions:Microscopically-assisted MIS-TLIF demonstrates excellent short-term efficacy in treating two-segment lumbar spondylolisthesis,which can significantly reduce complication risks.It effectively enhances postoperative lumbar stability,promotes functional recovery,and suppresses early inflammatory responses,making it a clinically valuable treatment option.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical efficacy and experience of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of pediatric patients with KMS who underwent ultrasound-guided RFA in Department of Hemangioma Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, between March 2018 and March 2024. Preoperative laboratory tests and imageological examination were performed. Under general anesthesia, the working tip of the RFA electrode needle was precisely reached the bottom of the lesion under ultrasound guidance. The electrode needle was then gradually withdrawn until the entire lesion area was covered by hyperechoic signals, indicating complete ablation. Postoperative symptomatic and supportive treatments, such as ice pack application and dressing changes, were administered to the surgical area. Platelet detection was performed immediately after the operation. Complications were closely monitored and regular follow-ups were carried out.Results:A total of 30 pediatric patients were included, comprising 14 males and 16 females, from 10 min to 5 months and 29 d after birth, with a median time of 6 d. Lesions were located in the limbs and trunk in 27 cases, and head and neck region in 3 cases, with lesion volumes ranged from 2.4 cm×2.3 cm×1.2 cm to 14.4 cm×9.3 cm×3.3 cm. The mean preoperative platelet count was 43×10 9/L, among them, the platelet values of 11 cases were (10-30) ×10 9/L, and those of 6 cases were lower than 10×10 9/L, other 13 cases with progressive thrombocytopenia. All patients successfully underwent RFA, achieving complete lesion ablation and normalization of platelet counts postoperatively. Platelet counts recovered to above 300×10 9/L in 15 patients, with no severe complications observed. The RFA area became slightly hardened within 7 d postoperatively but gradually returned to normal after consistent dressing changes for 2 weeks. During the follow-up period of 6 months to 2 years, complete lesion ablation was confirmed, with disappearance of the mass, no recurrence, good local function, mild local scar formation, and satisfactory cosmetic appearance. Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided RFA for KMS has advantages of favorable therapeutic outcomes, minimal tissue damage, no significant complications, and satisfactory cosmetic result.

Objective:To investigate the outcomes of therapeutic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in unilateral intra-articular venous malformations (IAVMs) of the knee.Methods:The clinical data of 15 patients with intravascular venous malformation in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2018 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 7 males and 8 females with an average age of 16 years (range, 5—25 years). All patients had unilateral knee involvement, ranging from localized lesions to diffuse extensive lesions. The radiofrequency ablation electrode needle with a diameter of 0.5 mm was selected and the power was adjusted to 25 W. Under the guidance of color ultrasound monitoring, the whole operation was carried out. The RFA electrode needle was inserted into the deepest site of the lesion and extracted by 1-mm graded movements until a point 1 mm from the surface of the lesion. Each ablation point was ablated for 10 to 30 seconds and multi-point ablation was done until the lesions were completely eliminated. Patients were followed up for 6 months to 1 year. Treatment outcomes were evaluated by functional activity, including extension, flexion, abduction, and adduction at the knee joint, and MRI findings, including intensity, shape, boundary, and degree of aggressiveness in the intra- and extraarticular cavities.Results:Included 15 patients; 12 had VMs in the knee joint cavity, and 3 had VMs involving both the intraarticular and extraarticular cavities (1 from the joint cavity to the calf, 1 from the joint cavity to the lower femur, and 1 from the intraarticular to the extraarticular cavity). All subjects underwent RFA, and the lesions were completely ablated and eradicated in a single operation. No recurrence was reported in the 6 months to 1 year follow-up. The knee joint remained symmetrical with the contralateral knee joint, without scarring, after the RFA.Conclusions:Radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of intra-articular venous malformation of the knee joint is a valuable minimally invasive surgical method with complete ablation, no complications, good prognosis and aesthetic appearance.