Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by erosive arthritis that can eventually lead to joint deformity and loss of function,which is unknown.Autophagy is a self-degradation process in which cells reuse internal proteins and organelles allowing organisms to withstand adverse situations such as starvation and infection,and eventually allowing cells to survive.In recent years,many studies have discovered that autophagy plays a role in the pathogenesis of RA,including the production of pannus,synovitis,bone degradation,and other critical pathological connections that influence RA progression and prog-nosis.This article examines the function of autophagy in the pathogenesis of RA,with the goal of generating new ideas for future RA treatment and drug development.

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by erosive arthritis that can eventually lead to joint deformity and loss of function,which is unknown.Autophagy is a self-degradation process in which cells reuse internal proteins and organelles allowing organisms to withstand adverse situations such as starvation and infection,and eventually allowing cells to survive.In recent years,many studies have discovered that autophagy plays a role in the pathogenesis of RA,including the production of pannus,synovitis,bone degradation,and other critical pathological connections that influence RA progression and prog-nosis.This article examines the function of autophagy in the pathogenesis of RA,with the goal of generating new ideas for future RA treatment and drug development.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) in Chinese children in order to provide a reference for early diagnosis. METHODS: With Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, SDS, SBDS gene and inherited bone marrow failure as the keywords, the search period was set from January 2002 to October 2022. Relevant literature was retrieved from the Wanfang Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. In addition, by using Shwachman-diamond syndrome as a keyword, the search period was also retrieved from the Web of Science, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases from January 2002 to October 2022. A child with SDS treated at the Tongji Hospital was also included. A total of 44 cases with complete clinical data were analyzed with reference to the International Standard for SDS Diagnosis. Chi-square test and t test were used for statistical analysis. Evidence-based research was carried out in the form of systematic review. The epidemiology, clinical characteristics and key points of early diagnosis of the Chinese SDS children were summarized and compared with the international data. RESULTS: The main characteristics of SDS in Chinese children were summarized as follows: The ratio of males to females was about 1.3 : 1, the median age of onset was 3 months, and the median age of diagnosis was 14 months. The first symptoms were often exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (31.8%) and granulocytopenia with infection (31.8%). According to the international consensus, the incidence rates of the three major diseases of SDS were hemocytopenia (95.4%), pancreatic disease (72.7%), and bone abnormality (40.9%). The common factors underlying SDS disease were variants of the SBDS gene (c.258+2T>C and c.183_184TA>CT), albeit there was no significant correlation between genotype and phenotype (P > 0.05). Compared with international reports, the clinical manifestations and genotypes of Chinese SDS children are different (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The SDS children have an early age of onset and significant individual difference. It is necessary to analyze the case-related data to facilitate early recognition, diagnosis and clinical intervention.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Bone Marrow Diseases/therapy* ; China ; East Asian People ; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency/therapy* ; Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome/therapy*

Objective:To explore the main factors of hypothyroidism after radiotherapy and to identify the optimal thyroid dosimetric parameters by analyzing the dosimetric parameters of the thyroid.Methods:The general clinical characteristics and dosimetric parameters of 206 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated in Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences were collected, and the correlation between them and the incidence of hypothyroidism was analyzed.Results:The incidence of hypothyroidism in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy was 50.49%(104/206). Univariate analysis showed that gender, N-stage, volume, mean dose, V 20Gy, V 25Gy, V 30Gy, V 35Gy, V 40Gy, V 45Gy of thyroid were associated with the incidence of hypothyroidism. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that volume (≤12.82 cm 3) and mean dose of thyroid were the independent risk factors of hypothyroidism. Mean dose of thyroid combined with volume could significantly predict the incidence of hypothyroidism after radiotherapy. Conclusion:Mean dose of thyroid ≤ 47.21 Gy is the optimal dosimetric parameter for radiation-induced hypothyroidism, especially the patients with thyroid volume ≤ 12.82 cm 3 should pay more attention to the protection of thyroid gland during radiotherapy.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between hematological examination combined with clinical factors and radiation-induced hypothyroidism (HT) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods:Clinical data of 206 patients with NPC who received radiotherapy in Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences between January 2015 to August 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between general clinical data, hematological examination and HT was analyzed to establish a hematological prediction model.Results:Univariate analysis showed that sex, N-stage, thyroid volume, average dose, V 20Gy, V 25Gy, V 30Gy, V 35Gy, V 40Gy, V 45Gy, fibrinogen content, cholinesterase and neutrophil count were closely associated with the incidence of HT. Multivariate analysis showed that thyroid volume, fibrinogen content and cholinesterase were the independent predictors of HT. Conclusion:The combination of sex, N-stage, thyroid volume, dose parameters, fibrinogen content, cholinesterase, neutrophil percentage and neutrophil count can predict the incidence of HT (AUC=0.777).